References
- Harris Jr ED. Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy. New Engl J Med 1990;322: 1277–89
- Cooper NJ. Economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2000;39: 28–33
- Pincus T, Callahan LF. The ‘side effects’ of rheumatoid arthritis: joint destruction, disability and early mortality. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:S28–S37
- Renner WR, Weinstein AS. Early changes of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand and wrist. Radiol Clin North Am 1988;26: 1185–93
- Fries JF, Williams CA, Morfeld D, Sibley J. Reduction in long-term disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-based treatment strategies. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:616–22
- Korpela M, Laasonen L, Hannonen P, et al. Retardation of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis by initial aggressive treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: five-year experience from the FIN-RACo study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2072–81
- Wallace DJ. Antimalarial agents and lupus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1994;20:243–63
- Golding JR, Andrews FM, Camp V, et al. A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine in early rheumatoid arthritis: the HERA study. Am J Med 1995;98:156–68
- O’Dell JR, Leff R, Paulsen G, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, or a combination of the three medications: results of a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46: 1164–70
- Scott DL, Symmons DPM, Coulton BL, Popert AJ. Long-term outcome of treating rheumatoid arthritis: results after 20 years. Lancet 1987;1:1108–11
- Gabriel SE. The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001;27:269–81
- Symmons DP, Barrett EM, Bankhead CR, et al. The incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United Kingdom: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register. Br J Rheumatol 1994;33: 735–9
- Kremer JM. Rational use of new and existing disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 2001;134: 695–706
- Mottonen T, Hannonen P, Korpela M, et al. Delay to institution of therapy and induction of remission using single-drug or combination-disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46: 894–8
- Simon LS. DMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: current agents and future developments. Int J Clin Pract 2000;54:243–9
- Olansky AJ. Antimalarials and ophthalmologic safety. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:19–23
- Scherbel AL. Use of synthetic antimalarial drugs and other agents for rheumatoid arthritis: historic and therapeutic perspectives. Am J Med 1983;75:1–4
- Tutor-Ureta P, Yebra-Bango M. Antimalarials in systemic diseases. Rev Clin Esp 2005;205:230–2
- Van der Heijde D, Van RP, Nuver SI, et al. Effects of hydroxychloroquine and sulphasalazine on progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1989;253: 1036–8
- Finbloom DS, Silver K, Newsome DA, Gunkel R. Comparison of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine use and the development of retinal toxicity. J Rheumatol 1985;12:692–4
- American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis Guidelines. Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 update. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:328–46
- Matteson EL, Weyand CM, Fulbright JW, et al. How aggressive should initial therapy for rheumatoid arthritis be? Factors associated with response to ‘non-aggressive’ DMARD treatment and perspective from a 2-yr open label trial. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43:619–25
- Clark P, Casas E, Tugwell P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine compared with placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:1067–71
- Wallace DJ, Metzger AL, Stecher VJ, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease: reversal of deleterious effects of steroids on lipids. Am J Med 1990;89:322–6
- Suarez-Almazor ME, Belseck E, Shea B, et al. Antimalarials for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;4:CD000959
- Mazzuca SA, Yung R, Brandt KD, et al. Current practices for monitoring ocular toxicity related to hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) therapy. J Rheumatol 1994;21:59–63