Importance of circadian rhythmicity in the cholinergic treatment of Alzheimer's disease: focus on galantamine

References

• Heese K, Akatsu H. Alzheimer's disease – an interactive perspective. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006;3:109-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conn D, Thorpe L. Assessment of behavioural and psychological symptoms associated with dementia. Can J Neurol Sci 2007;34(Supp 1):S67-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lebert F, Pasquier F, Petit H. Sundowning syndrome in demented patients without neuroleptic therapy. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1996;22:49-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly DD. Sleep and dreaming. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd edn. East Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange, 1991:792-804.
   Google Scholar
• Fuller PM, Gooley JJ, Saper CB. Neurobiology of the sleep–wake cycle: sleep architecture, circadian regulation, and regulatory feedback. J Biol Rhythms 2006;21:482-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stickgold R, Walker MP. Memory consolidation and reconsolidation: what is the role of sleep? Trends Neurosci 2005;28:408-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onen SH. [Physiological sleep in elderly subjects.] [Article in French]. Médecine du Sommeil 2005;5:6-10
   Google Scholar
• Pace-Schott EF, Hobson JA. The neurobiology of sleep: genetics, cellular physiology and subcortical networks. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002;3:591-605
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillette MU, Tischkau SA. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the brain's circadian clock. Recent Prog Horm Res 1999;54:33-58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolkove N, Elkholy O, Baltzan M, et al Sleep and aging: 1. Sleep disorders commonly found in older people. CMAJ 2007;176:1299-304
   Google Scholar
• Van Someren EJ. Circadian and sleep disturbances in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:1229-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stopa EG, Volicer L, Kuo-Leblanc V, et al Pathologic evaluation of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in severe dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1999;58:29-39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaab DF, Fliers E, Partiman TS. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res 1985;342:37-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper DG, Volicer L, Stopa EG, et al Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythm in aging and Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005;13:359-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onen F, Onen SH. [Sleep rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease] [Article in French] Rev Med Interne 2003;24:165-71
   Google Scholar
• Satlin A, Volicer L, Stopa EG, et al Circadian locomotor activity and core-body temperature rhythms in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 1995;16:765-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper DG, Stopa EG, McKee AC, et al Differential circadian rhythm disturbances in men with Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal degeneration. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58:353-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollak CP, Perlick D. Sleep problems and institutionalization of the elderly. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1991;4:204-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CFIII, Monk TH, et al The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, et al The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 1994;44:2308-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markowitz JS, Gutterman EM, Lilienfeld S, et al Sleep-related outcomes in persons with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease in a placebo-controlled trial of galantamine. Sleep 2003;26:602-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tractenberg RE, Singer CM, Cummings JL, et al The Sleep Disorders Inventory: an instrument for studies of sleep disturbance in persons with Alzheimer's disease. Sleep Res 2003;12:331-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grace JB, Walker MP, McKeith IG. A comparison of sleep profiles in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2000;15:1028-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stahl SM, Markowitz JS, Papadopoulos G, et al Examination of nighttime sleep-related problems during double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of galantamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:517-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Rodríguez JE, Santamaria J. CSF markers in sleep neurobiology. Clin Chim Acta 2005;362:12-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving E. How many memory systems are there? Am Psychol 1985;40:385-98
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White NM, McDonald RJ. Multiple parallel memory systems in the brain of the rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2002;77:125-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orban P, Rauchs G, Balteau E, et al Sleep after spatial learning promotes covert reorganization of brain activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:7124-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gais S, Born J. Declarative memory consolidation: mechanisms acting during human sleep. Learn Mem 2004;11:679-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmusson DD. The role of acetylcholine in cortical synaptic plasticity. Behav Brain Res 2000;115:205-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power AE, Vazdarjanova A, McGaugh JL. Muscarinic cholinergic influences in memory consolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2003;80:178-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinoso-Suárez F, de Andrés I, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Garzón M. Brain structures and mechanisms involved in the generation of REM sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2001;5:63-77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jiménez-Capdeville ME, Dykes RW. Daily changes in the release of acetylcholine from rat primary somatosensory cortex. Brain Res 1993;625:152-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day J, Damsma G, Fibiger HC. Cholinergic activity in the rat hippocampus, cortex and striatum correlates with locomotor activity: an in vivo microdialysis study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991;38:723-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepeu G, Giovannini MG. Changes in acetylcholine extracellular levels during cognitive processes. Learn Mem 2004;11:21-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marrosu F, Portas C, Mascia MS, et al Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release during sleep–wake cycle in freely moving cats. Brain Res 1995;671:329-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sei H, Sano A, Oishi K, et al Increase of hippocampal acetylcholine release at the onset of dark phase is suppressed in a mutant mice model of evening-type individuals. Neuroscience 2003;117:785-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzsáki G. The hippocampo-neocortical dialogue. Cereb Cortex 1996;6:81-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselmo ME. Neuromodulation: acetylcholine and memory consolidation. Trends Cogn Sci 1999;3:351-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power AE. Slow-wave sleep, acetylcholine, and memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:1795-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gais S, Born J. Low acetylcholine during slow-wave sleep is critical for declarative memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:2140-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas-Meunier E, Fossier P, Baux G, et al Cholinergic modulation of the cortical neuronal network. Pflugers Arch 2003;446:17-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasselmo ME. The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006;16:710-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levey AI. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor expression in memory circuits: implications for treatment of Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:13541-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beane M, Marrocco RT. Norepinephrine and acetylcholine mediation of the components of reflexive attention: implications for attention deficit disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2004;74:167-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarter M, Turchi J. Age- and dementia-associated impairments in divided attention: psychological constructs, animal models, and underlying neuronal mechanisms. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002;13:46-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saint-Mleux B, Eggermann E, Bisetti A, et al Nicotinic enhancement of the noradrenergic inhibition of sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area. J Neurosci 2004;24:63-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifritz E, Gillin JC, Rapaport MH, et al Sleep electroencephalographic response to muscarinic and serotonin1A receptor probes in patients with major depression and in normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:21-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones IW, Wonnacott S. Why doesn’t nicotinic ACh receptor immunoreactivity knock out? Trends Neurosci 2005;28:343-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitaram N, Wyatt RJ, Dawson S, et al REM sleep induction by physostigmine infusion during sleep. Science 1976;191:1281-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren EJ, Mirmiran M, Swaab DF. Non-pharmacological treatment of sleep and wake disturbances in aging and Alzheimer's disease: chronobiological perspectives. Behav Brain Res 1993;57:235-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannibal J. Neurotransmitters of the retino-hypothalamic tract. Cell Tissue Res 2002;309:73-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowling GA, Mastick J, Hubbard EM, et al Effect of timed bright light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005;20:738-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fontana Gasio P, Krauchi K, Cajochen C, et al Dawn–dusk simulation light therapy of disturbed circadian rest–activity cycles in demented elderly. Exp Gerontol 2003;38:207-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishima K, Tozawa T, Satoh K, et al Melatonin secretion rhythm disorders in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type with disturbed sleep–waking. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:417-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asayama K, Yamadera H, Ito T, et al Double blind study of melatonin effects on the sleep–wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in Alzheimer type dementia. J Nippon Med Sch 2003;70:334-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bliwise DL. Sleep disorders in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Clin Cornerstone 2004;6(Supp 1A):S16-28
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolensky MH, Peppas NA. Chronobiology, drug delivery, and chronotherapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007;59:828-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quick MW, Lester RA. Desensitization of neuronal nicotinic receptors. J Neurobiol 2002;53:457-78
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bentué-Ferrer D, Allain H. [Acetylcholine and sleep] [Article in French] La Lettre du Neurologue 2007;XI (Suppl 9):18-23.
   Google Scholar
• Nordberg A, Svensson AL. Cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a comparison of tolerability and pharmacology. Drug Safety 1998;19:465-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maelicke A. Allosteric modulation of nicotinic receptors as a treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2000;11(Supp 1):11-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos MD, Alkondon M, Pereira EF, et al The nicotinic allosteric potentiating ligand galantamine facilitates synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Mol Pharmacol 2002;61:1222-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis B, Sadik K. Circadian cholinergic rhythms: implications for cholinesterase inhibitor therapy. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006;21:120-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Wessel T, et al Galantamine in AD: A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 6-month extension. The Galantamine USA-1 Study Group. Neurology 2000;54:2261-8
   Google Scholar
• Tariot PN, Solomon PR, Morris JC, et al A 5-month, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of galantamine in AD. The Galantamine USA-10 Study Group. Neurology 2000;54:2269-76
   Google Scholar
• Wilcock GK, Lilienfeld S, Gaens E. Efficacy and safety of galantamine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: multicentre randomised controlled trial. Galantamine International-1 Study Group. BMJ 2000;321:1445-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns A, Rossor M, Hecker J, et al The effects of donepezil in Alzheimer's disease – results from a multinational trial. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999;10:237-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs RC, Doody RS, Morris JC, et al A 1-year, placebo-controlled preservation of function survival study of donepezil in AD patients. Neurology 2001;57:481-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers SL, Doody RS, Mohs RC, Friedhoff LT. Donepezil improves cognition and global function in Alzheimer disease: a 15-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Donepezil Study Group. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1021-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer B, Zolnouni P, Nunez M, et al Efficacy of donepezil in early-stage Alzheimer disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch Neurol 2004;61:1852-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winblad B, Engedal K, Soininen H, et al A 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate AD. Neurology 2001;57:489-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross JS, Shua-Haim JR. Aricept-induced nightmares in Alzheimer's disease: 2 case reports. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46:119-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exelon Product Information. 17/09/2007 Exelon-H-C-169-X-38. Horsham, UK: Novartis Europharm Limited, 2007. Available at: http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/Humans/EPAR/exelon/exelon.htm [Last accessed 20 December 2007]
   Google Scholar
• Robert P. Understanding and managing behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: focus on rivastigmine. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18:156-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancoli-Israel S, Amatniek J, Ascher S, et al Effects of galantamine versus donepezil on sleep in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease and their caregivers: a double-blind, head-to-head, randomized pilot study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2005;19:240-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke JR, Loredo JS, Liu L, et al Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and sleep architecture in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Drugs Aging 2006;23:503-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holsboer-Trachsler E, Hatzinger M, Stohler R, et al Effects of the novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor SDZ ENA 713 on sleep in man. Neuropsychopharmacology 1993;8:87-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanbayashi T, Sugiyama T, Aizawa R, et al Effects of donepezil (Aricept) on the rapid eye movement sleep of normal subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;56:307-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno S, Kameda A, Inagaki T, et al Effects of donepezil on Alzheimer's disease: the relationship between cognitive function and rapid eye movement sleep. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004;58:660-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moraes Wdos S, Poyares DR, Guilleminault C, et al The effect of donepezil on sleep and REM sleep EEG in patients with Alzheimer disease: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Sleep 2006;29:199-205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen C, Nofzinger EA, Feige B, et al Differential effects of the muscarinic M1 receptor agonist RS-86 and the acetylcholine-esterase inhibitor donepezil on REM sleep regulation in healthy volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31:1294-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlis ML, Smith MT, Orff HJ, et al The effects of an orally administered cholinergic agonist on REM sleep in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002;51:457-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schredl M, Weber B, Braus D, et al The effect of rivastigmine on sleep in elderly healthy subjects. Exp Gerontol 2000;35:243-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schredl M, Weber B, Leins ML, et al Donepezil-induced REM sleep augmentation enhances memory performance in elderly, healthy persons. Exp Gerontol 2001;36:353-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer M, Romero B, Koenig E, et al [Nightmares in patients with Alzheimer's disease caused by donepezil. Therapeutic effect depends on the time of intake.] [Article in German] Nervenartz 2005;76:1127-8
   Google Scholar