References
- Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:328-46
- Bradley JR. TNF-mediated inflammatory disease. J Pathol 2008;214:149-60
- Enbrel: Package insert. Thousand Oaks, CA: Immunex; 2006
- Humira: Package insert. Abbott Park, IL: Abbott Laboratories; 2008
- Remicade: Package insert. Malvern, PA: Centocor, Inc.; 2007
- Ackermann C, Kavanaugh A. Tumor necrosis factor as a therapeutic target of rheumatologic disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007;11:1369-84
- Michaud K, Messer J, Choi HK, et al. Direct medical costs and their predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2750-62
- Abarca J, Armstrong EP, Grizzle A, et al. Longitudinal analysis of the use of etanercept versus infliximab determined from medical chart audit. J Manag Care Pharm 2004;10:538-42
- Etemad L, Yu EB, Wanke LA. Dose adjustment over time of etanercept and infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Manag Care Interface 2005;18:21-7
- Ariza-Ariza R, Navarro-Sarabia F, Hernandez-Cruz L, Dose escalation of the anti-TNF agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic review. Rheumatology 2007;46: 529-32
- Gilbert TD Jr, Smith D, Ollendorf DA. Patterns of use, dosing, and economic impact of biologic agent use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2004;5:36
- Wu E, Chen A, Birnbaum H, et al. Retrospective claims data analysis of dosage adjustment patterns of TNF antagonists among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;24:2229-40
- Weycker D, Yu EB, Woolley MJ. Retrospective study of the costs of care during the first year of therapy with etanercept or infliximab among patients aged > 65 years with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Ther 2005;27:646-56
- DeWitt EM, Glick HA, Albert DA, et al. Medicare coverage of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors as an influence on physicians prescribing behavior. Arch Int Med 2006;166:57-63
- Nuijten MJC, Englefreit P, Duijin K, et al. A cost-cost study comparing etanercept with infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacoeconomics 2001;19:1051-64
- Ollendorf DA, Massarotti E, Birbara C, et al. Frequency, predictors, and economic impact of upward dose adjustment of infliximab in managed care patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Manag Care Pharm 2005;11:383-93
- Sidiropoulos P, Bertsias G, Kritikos HD, et al. Infliximab treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, with dose titration based on the Disease Activity Score: Dose adjustments are common but not always sufficient to assure a sustained benefit. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:144-8
- Rahman MU, Strusberg I, Geusens P. Double blinded infliximab dose escalation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:1233-8
- Berger A, Edelsberg J, Li TT. Dose intensification with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:2021-5
- Agarwal SK, Maier AL, Chibnik LB, et al. Pattern of infliximab utilization in rheumatoid arthritis patients at an academic medical center. Arthritis Care Res 2005;53:872-8
- Flendrie M, Creemers MCW, van Riel PLCM. Titration of infliximab treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients based on response patterns. Rheumatology 2007;46:146-9
- George D, Kadlubek P, Batra D, et al. Infliximab dose and change in escalation patterns in managed care. Manag Care Interface 2004;Suppl A:5-8
- Hargrave E, Hoadley J, Thompson J. Coverage and pricing of drugs that can be covered under Part B and Part D. Washington, DC: Medicare Payment Advisory Committee, 2007. Report No. 07-6
- Harley CR, Frytak JR, Tandon N. Treatment compliance and dosage administration among rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving infliximab, etanercept or methotrexate. Am J Manag Care 2003;9:S136-44
- Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. www.cms.hhs.gov/MedHCPCSGenInfo (accessed on August 22, 2008)
- Kominski GF, Ripps JC, Laugesen MJ, et al. The California cost and coverage model: analyses of the financial impacts of benefit mandates for the California legislature. Health Serv Res 2006;41:1027-44
- Milliman, Inc., 2008. (Accessed at http://www.milliman.com/expertise/healthcare/products-tools/health-cost-guidelines/index.php)
- Bruce TO. Comorbid depression in rheumatoid arthritis: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008;10:258-64
- Naranjo A, Sokka T, Descalzo MA, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther 2008;10:R30
- Forsblad d’Elia H, Larsen A, Waltbrand E, et al. Radiographic joint destruction in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis is strongly associated with generalised osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:617-23
- Gilmer T, Kronick R, Fishman P, et al. The Medicaid Rx model: pharmacy-based risk adjustment for public programs. Med Care 2001;39:1188-202
- Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986;73:13-22
- Huber PJ. Robust Statistics. New York; John Wiley and Sons, 1981