1,077
Views
35
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Proactive multiple cardiovascular risk factor management compared with usual care in patients with hypertension and additional risk factors: the CRUCIAL trial

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 821-833 | Accepted 14 Jan 2011, Published online: 05 Apr 2011

References

  • Comparative Quantification of Mortality and Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Risk Factors, Chapter 4 in WHO 2006 Report: Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors. World Health Organization. 2006. Available at: http://www.dcp2.org/pubs/GBD [Last accessed 16 December, 2009]
  • Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002;288:2981-97
  • Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:1149-58
  • Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:685-96
  • Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-31
  • Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267-78
  • Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009;338:b1665
  • Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486–97
  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52
  • Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2375-414
  • Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007;25:1105-87
  • Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998;97:1837-47
  • Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987-1003
  • Thomas F, Bean K, Guize L, et al. Combined effects of systolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol on cardiovascular mortality in young (<55 years) men and women. Eur Heart J 2002;23:528-35
  • Neutel JM, Eaddy M, Lunacsek OE, et al. Predicted coronary heart disease risk reduction and dual blood pressure/cholesterol goal attainment in patients with hypertension treated in real-world clinical practice. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010;12:396-406
  • Zamorano J, Erdine S, Lopez AP, et al. Design and rationale of a real-life study to compare treatment strategies for cardiovascular risk factors: The CRUCIAL study. Postgrad Med 2010;122:7-15
  • Sever P, Dahlöf B, Poulter N, et al. Potential synergy between lipid-lowering and blood-pressure-lowering in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2982-8
  • Medical Research Council. MRC cluster randomized trials: methodological and ethical considerations: London: MRC, 2002
  • The World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Adopted by the 18th World Medical Association General Assembly, Helsinki Finland June 1964, last amended by the World Medical Association General Assembly in Seoul, October 2008. World Medical Association. 2008. Available at: www.wma.net [Last accessed 1 October, 2010]
  • D'Agostino RB Sr., Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117:743-53
  • Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke 1991;22:312-18
  • McKeage K, Siddiqui MA. Amlodipine/atorvastatin fixed-dose combination: a review of its use in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2008;8:51-67
  • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999/2000. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.html [Last accessed 1 October, 2010]
  • Elley CR, Chondros P, Kerse NM. Randomised trials-cluster versus individual randomisation. Primary Care Alliance for Clinical Trials (PACT) network. Aust Fam Physician 2004;33:759-63
  • Torgerson DJ. Contamination in trials: is cluster randomisation the answer? BMJ 2001;322:355-7
  • Erdine S, Ro YM, Tse HF, et al. Single-pill amlodipine/atorvastatin helps patients of diverse ethnicity attain recommended goals for blood pressure and lipids (the Gemini-AALA study). J Hum Hypertens 2009;23:196-210
  • Wong ND, Lopez V, Tang S, et al. Prevalence, treatment, and control of combined hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the United States. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:204-8
  • Benner JS, Smith TW, Petrilla AA, et al. Estimated prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and multiple cardiovascular risk factors and their associated risk of coronary heart disease in the United States. J Am Soc Hypertens 2008;2:44-53
  • Sturkenboom MC, Dieleman JP, Picelli G, et al. Prevalence and treatment of hypertensive patients with multiple concomitant cardiovascular risk factors in The Netherlands and Italy. J Hum Hypertens 2008;22:704-13
  • Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, et al. EUROASPIRE III: a survey on the lifestyle, risk factors and use of cardioprotective drug therapies in coronary patients from 22 European countries. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009;16:121-37
  • Benner JS, Erhardt L, Flammer M, et al. A novel programme to evaluate and communicate 10-year risk of CHD reduces predicted risk and improves patients' modifiable risk factor profile. Int J Clin Pract 2008;62:1484-98
  • Maruthur NM, Wang NY, Appel LJ. Lifestyle interventions reduce coronary heart disease risk: results from the PREMIER Trial. Circulation 2009;119:2026-31

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.