References
- Pyram R, Kansara A, Banerji MA, Loney-Hutchinson L. Chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Maturitas 2012;71:94-103
- Reutens AT. Epidemiology of diabetic kidney disease. Med Clin North Am 2013;97:1-18
- Abe M, Okada K, Soma M. Antidiabetic agents in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease on dialysis: metabolism and clinical practice. Curr Drug Metab 2011;12:57-69
- Aires Neto P, Gomes HV, Campos M. Management of hyperglycemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2013;26:629-35
- Maffioli P, Derosa G. Hypoglycemia, its implications in clinical practice, and possible ways to prevent it. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;30:771-3
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2014. Diabetes Care 2014;37(Suppl 1):S14-80
- National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes and CKD: 2012 Update. Am J Kidney Dis 2012;60:850-86
- Garg R, Williams ME. Diabetes management in the kidney patient. Med Clin North Am 2013;97:135-56
- Derosa G, Maffioli P. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists on glycemic control, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2012;5:272-81
- Derosa G. Efficacy and tolerability of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparison with other oral antihyperglycaemic agents. Drugs 2010;70:1945-61
- Tourrel C, Bailbé D, Meile MJ, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and exendin-4 stimulate beta-cell neogenesis in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats resulting in persistently improved glucose homeostasis at adult age. Diabetes 2001;50:1562-70
- Hui H, Nourparvar A, Zhao X, Perfetti R. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits apoptosis of insulin-secreting cells via a cyclic 5’-adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A- and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. Endocrinology 2003;144:1444-55
- Perfetti R, Zhou J, Doyle ME, Egan JM. Glucagon-like peptide-1 induces cell proliferation and pancreatic-duodenum homeobox-1 expression and increases endocrine cell mass in the pancreas of old, glucose-intolerant rats. Endocrinology 2000;141:4600-5
- Deacon CF, Johnsen AH, Holst JJ. Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:952-7
- Derosa G, Maffioli P. GLP-1 agonists exenatide and liraglutide: a review about their safety and efficacy. Curr Clin Pharmacol 2012;7:214-28
- Derosa G, Maffioli P. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: 3 years of experience. Diabetes Technol Ther 2012;14:350-64
- Russo E, Penno G, Del Prato S. Managing diabetic patients with moderate or severe renal impairment using DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on vildagliptin. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2013;6:161-70
- Sitagliptin. Summary of product characteristics. Revised 2 May 2014. Available at: www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/19609 [Last accessed: 13 October 2014]
- Vildagliptin. Summary of product characteristics. Revised 25 April 2014. Available at: www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/20734 [Last accessed: 13 October 2014]
- Saxagliptin. Summary of product characteristics. Revised 24 July 2014. Available at: www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/22315 [Last accessed: 13 October 2014]
- Alogliptin. Summary of product characteristics. Revised 24 July 2014. Available at: www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/28513 [Last accessed: 13 October 2014]
- Linagliptin. Summary of product characteristics. Revised 24 August 2011. Available at: www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/25000 [Last accessed: 13 October 2014]
- Lehrke M, Marx N, Patel S, et al. Safety and tolerability of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive pooled analysis of 22 placebo-controlled studies. Clin Ther 2014;36:1130-46
- Zeng Z, Choi DS, Mohan V, et al. Efficacy and safety of linagliptin as monotherapy or add-on treatment in Asian patients with suboptimal glycaemic control: a pooled analysis. Curr Med Res Opin 2014;12:1-32
- McGill JB, Sloan L, Newman J, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment: a 1-year, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:237-44
- Alvestrand A. Carbohydrate and insulin metabolism in renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1997;62:S48-52