Partnership in optimizing management of reflux symptoms: a treatment algorithm for over-the-counter proton-pump inhibitors

References

• The Epposi Barometer: Consumer Perceptions of Self Care in Europe. Quantitative Study 2013. Brussels, Belgium: Epposi, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Harris BN, West DS, Johnson J, et al. Effects on the cost and utilization of proton pump inhibitors from adding over-the counter omeprazole to drug benefit coverage in a state employee health plan. J Manag Care Pharm 2004;10:449-55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• West DS, Johnson JT, Hong SH. A 30-month evaluation of the effects on the cost and utilization of proton pump inhibitors from adding omeprazole OTC to drug benefit coverage in a state employee health plan. J Manag Care Pharm 2006;12:25-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JP, Paquette C, Cairns CP. Switching prescription drugs to over the counter. BMJ 2005;330:39-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haag S, Andrews JM, Katelaris PH, et al. Management of reflux symptoms with over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors: issues and proposed guidelines. Digestion 2009;80:226-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaney BC. Review article: prevalence and epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(Suppl 8):2-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haag S, Andrews JM, Gapasin J, et al. A 13-nation population survey of upper gastrointestinal symptoms: prevalence of symptoms and socioeconomic factors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:722-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaker R, Castell DO, Schoenfeld PS, Spechler SJ. Nighttime heartburn is an under-appreciated clinical problem that impacts sleep and daytime function: the results of a Gallup survey conducted on behalf of the American Gastroenterological Association. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1487-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerson LB, Fass R. A systematic review of the definitions, prevalence, and response to treatment of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:372-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean BB, Aguilar D, Johnson LF, et al. Night-time and daytime atypical manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: frequency, severity and impact on health-related quality of life. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:327-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farup C, Kleinman L, Sloan S, et al. The impact of nocturnal symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related quality of life. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:45-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Zou D, Ma X, et al. Impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on daily life: the Systematic Investigation of Gastrointestinal Diseases in China (SILC) epidemiological study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2010;8:128. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996363/pdf/1477-7525-8-128.pdf [Last accessed 15 May 2015]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, et al. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1900-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katelaris P, Holloway R, Talley N, et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in adults: guidelines for clinicians. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002;17:825-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyawali CP. Esophageal hypersensitivity. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY) 2010;6:497-500
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut 2014;63:871-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dent J, Vakil N, Jones R, et al. Accuracy of the diagnosis of GORD by questionnaire, physicians and a trial of proton pump inhibitor treatment: the Diamond Study. Gut 2010;59:714-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tutuian R. Adverse effects of drugs on the esophagus. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010;24:91-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldi F, Crotta S, Penagini R. Guidelines for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. A position statement of The Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists (AIGO), Italian Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (SIED), and Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE). Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;30:107-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Medical Position Statement on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1383-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley NJ, Vakil N. Guidelines for the management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:2324-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVault KR, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:190-200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen H, Tomasso G, Luisa CM, et al. Latin American consensus on gastroesophageal reflux disease: an update on therapy. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;33:135-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong D, Marshall JK, Chiba N, et al. Canadian Consensus Conference on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults – update 2004. Can J Gastroenterol 2005;19:15-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenstein DR, Cash BD, Davila R, et al. Role of endoscopy in the management of GERD. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:219-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:308-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koop H, Fuchs KH, Labenz J, et al. [S2k guideline: gastroesophageal reflux disease guided by the German Society of Gastroenterology: AWMF register no. 021-013]. Z Gastroenterol 2014;52:1299-346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fennerty MB, Johnson DA. Heartburn severity does not predict disease severity in patients with erosive esophagitis. MedGenMed 2006;8:6 . Available at: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/524481 [Last accessed 15 May 2015]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, et al. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: a Kalixanda study report. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:275-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson AB, Barkun AN, Armstrong D, et al. The prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings in primary care patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia: the Canadian Adult Dyspepsia Empiric Treatment – Prompt Endoscopy (CADET-PE) study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:1481-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2008;135:1392-413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The economic and public health value of self-medication. Association Européenne des Specialites Pharmaceutiques Grand Public. Available at: http://www.aesgp.eu/media/cms_page_media/68/2004study.pdf [Last accessed 10 July 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut 1999;45:172-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE guidance – management of dyspepsia in adults in primary care (summary section). General Practice Notebook. Available at: http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?id=x20041207115453159860 [Last accessed 30 September 2014]
   Google Scholar
• Allgood LD, Grender JM, Shaw MJ, Peura DA. Comparison of Prilosec OTC (omeprazole magnesium 20.6 mg) to placebo for 14 days in the treatment of frequent heartburn. J Clin Pharm Ther 2005;30:105-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushner PR, Snoddy AM, Gilderman L, Peura DA. Lansoprazole 15 mg once daily for 14 days is effective for treatment of frequent heartburn: results of 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. Postgrad Med 2009;121:67-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zyl JH, Grundling HdK, van Rensburg CJ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg pantoprazole versus 300 mg ranitidine in patients with mild reflux-oesophagitis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and multicentre study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;12:197-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peura DA, Traxler B, Kocun C, Lind T. Esomeprazole treatment of frequent heartburn: two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Postgrad Med 2014;126:33-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fendrick AM, Shaw M, Schachtel B, et al. Self-selection and use patterns of over-the-counter omeprazole for frequent heartburn. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:17-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruigomez A, Rodriguez LA, Wallander MA, et al. Endoscopic findings in a cohort of newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease patients registered in a UK primary care database. Dis Esophagus 2008;21:251-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayman J, Hayes N, Raimes SA, Griffin SM. Prescription of proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy. A potential cause of missed diagnosis of early gastric cancers. Arch Fam Med 2000;9:385-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vakil N, Talley N, van Zanten SV, et al. Cost of detecting malignant lesions by endoscopy in 2741 primary care dyspeptic patients without alarm symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:756-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebell MH. Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients. Am Fam Physician 2011;83:603-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtmann G, Bigard MA, Malfertheiner P, Pounder R. Guidance on the use of over-the-counter proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of GERD. Int J Clin Pharm 2011;33:493-500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alka-Seltzer Heartburn [drug facts label]. Whippany, NJ: Bayer Healthcare, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Pariet (rabeprazole) [product information]. Hertfordshire, UK: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Tums [summary of product characteristics]. Middlesex, United Kingdom: GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Maalox Plus suspension [summary of product characteristics]. Surrey, United Kingdom: Sanofi-aventis, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Zantac 75 Relief [summary of product characteristics]. London, United Kingdom: Omega Pharma Ltd, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Pantoprazole [summary of product characteristics]. Wrexham, United Kingdom: Wockhardt UK Ltd, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Nexium [summary of product characteristics]. Bedfordshire, United Kingdom: AstraZeneca UK Limited, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Gaviscon Liquid [drug facts label]. Parsippany, NJ: GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare LP, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Losec (omeprazole) [summary of product characteristics]. Bedfordshire, United Kingdom: AstraZeneca UK Limited, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Zoton FasTab [summary of product characteristics]. Kent, United Kingdom: Pfizer Limited, 2012
   Google Scholar
• Zantac [drug facts label]. Ridgefield, CT: Boehringer Ingelheim, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Pepcid AC [summary of product characteristics]. Dublin, Ireland: McNeil Healthcare (Ireland) Ltd, 2011
   Google Scholar
• Ranitidine [summary of product characteristics]. London, United Kingdom: Ranbaxy (UK) Ltd, 2012
   Google Scholar
• McRorie JW, Kirby JA, Miner PB. Histamine2-receptor antagonists: rapid development of tachyphylaxis with repeat dosing. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014;5:57-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tran T, Lowry AM, El-Serag HB. Meta-analysis: the efficacy of over-the-counter gastro-oesophageal reflux disease therapies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:143-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouchain D, Bigard MA, Liard F, et al. Gaviscon vs. omeprazole in symptomatic treatment of moderate gastroesophageal reflux. a direct comparative randomised trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2012;12:18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigterman KE, van Pinxteren B, Bonis PA, et al. Short-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;5:CD002095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haag S, Holtmann G. Onset of relief of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease: post hoc analysis of two previously published studies comparing pantoprazole 20 mg once daily with nizatidine or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily. Clin Ther 2010;32:678-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson DA, Le Moigne A, Hugo V, Nagy P. Rapid resolution of sleep disturbances related to frequent reflux: effect of esomeprazole 20 mg in 2 randomized, double-blind, controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin 2015;31:243-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones R, Crouch SL. Low-dose lansoprazole provides greater relief of heartburn and epigastric pain than low-dose omeprazole in patients with acid-related dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:413-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corinaldesi R, Valentini M, Belaiche J, et al. Pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a European multicentre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995;9:667-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettmer A, Vogt R, Sielaff F, et al. Pantoprazole 20 mg is effective for relief of symptoms and healing of lesions in mild reflux oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:865-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peura DA, Traxler B, Hugo V, Lind T. Resolution and early relief of frequent heartburn with a 14-day regimen of esomeprazole 20 mg: results from 2 multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials in subjects with frequent heartburn who are likely to self-treat with over-the-counter medications [abstract Tu1117]. Gastroenterology 2014;146:S758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peura DA, Traxler B, Hugo V, Lind T. Resolution and early relief of frequent heartburn with a 14-day regimen of esomeprazole 20 mg: results from 2 multicenter, randomized, double-blind trials in subjects with frequent heartburn who are likely to self-treat with over-the-counter medications [poster]. Digestive Disease Week 2014, Chicago, IL, 3–6 May 2014
   Google Scholar
• Bour B, Staub JL, Chousterman M, et al. Long-term treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients with frequent symptomatic relapses using rabeprazole: on-demand treatment compared with continuous treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:805-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai HH, Chapman R, Shepherd A, et al. Esomeprazole 20 mg on-demand is more acceptable to patients than continuous lansoprazole 15 mg in the long-term maintenance of endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux patients: the COMMAND Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:657-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bigard MA, Genestin E. Treatment of patients with heartburn without endoscopic evaluation: on-demand treatment after effective continuous administration of lansoprazole 15 mg. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:635-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley NJ, Lauritsen K, Tunturi-Hihnala H, et al. Esomeprazole 20 mg maintains symptom control in endoscopy-negative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a controlled trial of ‘on-demand' therapy for 6 months. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:347-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuta T, Ohashi K, Kosuge K, et al. CYP2C19 genotype status and effect of omeprazole on intragastric pH in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;65:552-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagar M, Tybring G, Dahl ML, et al. Effects of omeprazole on intragastric pH and plasma gastrin are dependent on the CYP2C19 polymorphism. Gastroenterology 2000;119:670-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Yan XF, Zhang ZM, et al. Rational prescription of drugs within similar therapeutic or structural class for gastrointestinal disease treatment: drug metabolism and its related interactions. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:5618-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantoflickova D, Dorta G, Ravic M, et al. Acid inhibition on the first day of dosing: comparison of four proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:1507-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonini M, Vigneri S, Savarino V, Scarpignato C. Clinical pharmacology and safety profile of esomeprazole, the first enantiomerically pure proton pump inhibitor. Dig Liver Dis 2001;33:600-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hassan-Alin M, Andersson T, Niazi M, Rohss K. A pharmacokinetic study comparing single and repeated oral doses of 20 mg and 40 mg omeprazole and its two optical isomers, S-omeprazole (esomeprazole) and R-omeprazole, in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;60:779-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maalox Regular Strength Chewable [drug facts label]. Parsippany, NJ: Novartis Consumer Health, 2014
   Google Scholar
• Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. Nexium 24HR frequently asked questions. Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. Available at: http://www.nexium24hr.com/us/faq-frequently-asked-questions [Last accessed 27 March 2015]
   Google Scholar