References
- HarrisRCTallonMDunnettMBoobisLCoakleyJKimHJ et al The absorption of orally supplied β-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralisAmino Acids200630 279 289 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xktlaksrk%3D 16554972 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0299-9
- StellingwerffTAnwanderHEggerABuehlerTKreisRDecombazJ et al Effect of two β-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washoutAmino Acids201242 6 2461 2472 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvFGksLk%3D 21847611 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-1054-4
- HillCAHarrisRCKimHJHarrisBDSaleCBoobisLH et al Influence of β-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacityAmino Acids200732 2 225 233 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtFyhtbo%3D 16868650 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-006-0364-4
- DeraveWOzdemirMSHarrisRCPottierAReyngoudtHKoppoK et al β-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprintersJ Appl Physiol2007103 5 1736 1743 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlyrtrzK 17690198 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00397.2007
- SaleCSaundersBHarrisRCEffect of beta-alanine supplementation on muscle carnosine concentrations and exercise performanceAmino Acids201039 2 321 333 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotVaisL4%3D 20091069 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0443-4
- SmithEBThe buffering of muscle in rigor; protein, phosphate and carnosineJ Physiol193892 3 336 343 1:CAS:528:DyaA1cXjsFyrtw%3D%3D 16994977 1395289 https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1938.sp003605
- TallonMJHarrisRCBoobisLHFallowfieldJLWiseJAThe carnosine content of vastus lateralis is elevated in resistance-trained bodybuildersJ Strength Cond Res200519 4 725 729 16287364
- QuinnPJBoldyrevAAFormazuykVECarnosine: its properties, functions and potential therapeutic applicationsMol Asp Med199213 5 379 444 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXksVSju70%3D https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(92)90006-L
- SaundersBElliott-SaleKArtioliGGSwintonPADolanERoschelH et al β-Alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysisBr J Sports Med201651 8 658 27797728 https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096396
- Van ThienenRVan ProeyenKVanden EyndeBPuypeJLefereTHespelPBeta-alanine improves sprint performance in endurance cyclingMed Sci Sports Exerc200941 4 898 903 19276843 https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818db708
- de Andrade KratzCde Salles PainelliVde Andrade NemezioKMda SilvaRPFranchiniEZagattoAM et al Beta-alanine supplementation enhances judo-related performance in highly-trained athletesMed Sci Sports Exerc201720 4 403 408 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.014
- DuckerKJDawsonBWallmanKEEffect of beta-alanine supplementation on 800-m running performanceInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201323 6 554 561 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltFKis78%3D 23630039 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.23.6.554
- DuckerKJDawsonBWallmanKEEffect of Beta-alanine supplementation on 2,000-m rowing-ergometer performanceInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201323 4 336 343 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SmsbjJ 23239676 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.23.4.336
- TrexlerETSmith-RyanAEStoutJRHoffmanJRWilbornCDSaleC et al International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Beta-alanineJ Int Soc Sports Nutr201512 1 1 14 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhvValur3N https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y
- SeilerSWhat is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes?Int J Sports Physiol Perform20105 3 276 291 20861519 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276
- SteinackerJMLormesWLehmannMAltenburgDTraining of rowers before world championshipsMed Sci Sports Exerc199830 7 1158 1163 1:STN:280:DyaK1czislWqsw%3D%3D 9662689 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00022
- FiskerstrandÅSeilerKSTraining and performance characteristics among Norwegian international rowers 1970–2001Scand J Med Sci Sports200414 5 303 310 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvnslKqsg%3D%3D 15387804 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0838.2003.370.x
- ArneGStephenSEikeETraining methods and intensity distribution of young world-class rowersInt J Sports Physiol Perform20094 4 448 460 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.4.448
- BaguetABourgoisJVanheeLAchtenEDeraveWImportant role of muscle carnosine in rowing performanceJ Appl Physiol2010109 4 1096 1101 20671038 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2010
- AbeHRole of histidine-related compounds as intracellular proton buffering constituents in vertebrate muscleBiochemistry (Mosc)200065 7 757 765 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlvFOlsb4%3D
- HobsonRMHarrisRCMartinDSmithPMacklinBGualanoB et al Effect of beta-alanine with and without sodium bicarbonate on 2,000-m rowing performanceInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201323 5 480 487 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFWksb3I 23535873 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.23.5.480
- ShephardRJScience and medicine of rowing: a reviewJ Sports Sci199816 7 603 620 https://doi.org/10.1080/026404198366416
- StellingwerffTMaughanRJBurkeLMNutrition for power sports: middle-distance running, track cycling, rowing, canoeing/kayaking, and swimmingJ Sports Sci201129 sup1 S79 S89 21793766 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.589469
- DutkaTLLamboleyCRMcKennaMJMurphyRMLambGDEffects of carnosine on contractile apparatus Ca2+ sensitivity and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in human skeletal muscle fibersJ Appl Physiol2011112 5 728 736 22174397 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2011
- BoldyrevAAAldiniGDeraveWPhysiology and pathophysiology of carnosinePhysiol Rev201393 4 1803 1845 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVShtrvM 24137022 https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00039.2012
- KohenRYamamotoYCundyKCAmesBNAntioxidant activity of carnosine, homocarnosine, and anserine present in muscle and brainProc Natl Acad Sci U S A198885 9 3175 3179 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXitF2ns7w%3D 3362866 280166 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.85.9.3175
- ChurchDDHoffmanJRVaranoskeANWangRBakerKMLa MonicaMB et al Comparison of two β-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine elevationsJ Am Coll Nutr201736 8 608 616 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsFWgtbjP 28910200 https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1335250
- CurrellK HopkerJJobsonSErgogenic aidsPerformance cycling: the science of success2012 London A&C Black 180 181
- StellingwerffTDecombazJHarrisRCBoeschCOptimizing human in vivo dosing and delivery of β-alanine supplements for muscle carnosine synthesisAmino Acids201243 1 57 65 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotlOhtro%3D 22358258 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1245-7
- KellyVGLeverittMDBrennanCTSlaterGJJenkinsDGPrevalence, knowledge and attitudes relating to β-alanine use among professional footballersJ Sci Med Sport201720 1 12 16 27372274 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.006
- EveraertIMooyaartABaguetAZutinicABaeldeHAchtenE et al Vegetarianism, female gender and increasing age, but not CNDP1 genotype, are associated with reduced muscle carnosine levels in humansAmino Acids201140 4 1221 1229 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjsFGjur4%3D 20865290 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0749-2
- BaguetAReyngoudtHPottierAEveraertICallensSAchtenE et al Carnosine loading and washout in human skeletal musclesJ Appl Physiol2009106 3 837 842 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjvFWmtrg%3D 19131472 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91357.2008
- DeraveWEveraertIBeeckmanSBaguetAMuscle carnosine metabolism and β-alanine supplementation in relation to exercise and trainingSports Med201040 3 247 263 20199122 https://doi.org/10.2165/11530310-000000000-00000
- BassettDRHowleyETThompsonDLKingGAStrathSJMcLaughlinJE et al Validity of inspiratory and expiratory methods of measuring gas exchange with a computerized systemJ Appl Physiol200191 1 218 224 11408433 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.91.1.218
- KCJeukendrupAEValidity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performanceSports Med200838 4 297 316 https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838040-00003
- BorgGRatings of perceived exertion and heart rates during short term cycle exercise and their use in a new strength testInt J Sports Med19823 3 153 158 1:STN:280:DyaL3s%2FivF2isw%3D%3D 7129724 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1026080
- KendrickIPHarrisRCKimHJKimCKDangVHLamTQ et al The effects of 10 weeks of resistance training combined with β-alanine supplementation on whole body strength, force production, muscular endurance and body compositionAmino Acids200834 4 547 554 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlsVOgsb0%3D 18175046 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-007-0008-3
- KendrickIPKimHJHarrisRCKimCKDangVHLamTQ et al The effect of 4 weeks β-alanine supplementation and isokinetic training on carnosine concentrations in type I and II human skeletal muscle fibresEur J Appl Physiol2009106 1 131 138 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXkvValtLk%3D 19214556 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-0998-5
- ShapiroSSWilkMBAn analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)Biometrika196552 3/4 591 611 https://doi.org/10.2307/2333709
- KerksickCMWilbornCDRobertsMDSmith-RyanAKleinerSMJägerR et al ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendationsJ Int Soc Sports Nutr201815 1 38 30068354 6090881 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y
- SantanaJOFreitasMCdos SantosDMRossiFELiraFSNetoR et al Beta-alanine supplementation improved 10-km running time trial in physically active adultsFrontiers Physiol20189 1105 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01105
- SuzukiYItoOMukaiNTakahashiHTakamatsuKHigh level of skeletal muscle carnosine contributes to the latter half of exercise performance during 30-s maximal cycle ergometer sprintingJpn J Physiol200252 2 199 205 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmt1ait7o%3D 12139778 https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.52.199
- ParkhouseWSMcKenzieDCHochachkaPWOvalleWKBuffering capacity of deproteinized human vastus lateralis muscleJ Appl Physiol198558 1 14 17 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7gsVGmtw%3D%3D 3968004 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.14
- RobertsonRJFalkelJEDrashALSwankAMMetzKFSpungenSA et al Effect of induced alkalosis on physical work capacity during arm and leg exerciseErgonomics198730 1 19 31 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7mtFOntg%3D%3D 3030725 https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138708969674
- Stautemas J, Everaert I, Lefevere FB, Derave W. Pharmacokinetics of β-alanine using different dosing strategies. Frontiers Nutr. 2018;5:70. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6107792/.
- StoutJRGravesBSSmithAEHartmanMJCramerJTBeckTW et al The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on neuromuscular fatigue in elderly (55–92 years): a double-blind randomized studyJ Int Soc Sports Nutr20085 1 21 18992136 2585553 https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-5-21
- DécombazJBeaumontMVuichoudJBouissetFStellingwerff. Effect of slow-release β-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesiaAmino Acids201243 1 67 76 22139410 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-011-1169-7
- Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, Coker NA, Baker KM, Dodd SJ, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release β-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. 2018:1–2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30003336. Epub ahead of print.
- SaundersBde Salles PainelliVDe OliveiraLFda Eira SilvaVDa SilvaRPRianiL et al Twenty-four weeks of β-alanine supplementation on carnosine content, related genes, and exerciseMed Sci Sports Exerc201749 5 896 906 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXlvF2ru7w%3D 28157726 https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001173