Search in:

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Volume 17, 2020 - Issue 1

Submit an article Journal homepage

Open access

5,512

Views

CrossRef citations to date

Altmetric

Review

Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes

Oliver R. Barley1 Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup Drive6027JoondalupWAAustraliaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-9818

Dale W. Chapman1 Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup Drive6027JoondalupWAAustralia;2 Performance SupportNew South Wales Institute of SportSydney Olympic ParkNSWAustralia

Chris R. Abbiss1 Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan University270 Joondalup Drive6027JoondalupWAAustralia

Article: 52 | Published online: 01 Apr 2022

Cite this article
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00381-6
CrossMark

Full Article
Figures & data
References
Citations
Metrics
Licensing
Reprints & Permissions
View PDF PDF View EPUB EPUB

References

HorswillCAJanasLMHydration and healthAm J Lifestyle Med20115 4 304 315 https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827610392707
Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEAssessing hydration status: the elusive gold standardJ Am Coll Nutr200726 sup5 575S 584S https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2007.10719661
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
KavourasSAAssessing hydration statusCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care20025 5 519 524 https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200209000-00010
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNSawkaMNHydration assessment of athletesSports Sci Exchange200518 2 1 6
Google Scholar
Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW. Dehydration: physiology, assessment, and performance effects. Compr Physiol. 2014;4:257–85.
Google Scholar
SavoieF-AKenefickRWElyBRCheuvrontSNGouletEDEffect of Hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: a meta-analysisSports Med201545 8 1207 1227 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0349-0
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BarleyORChapmanDWAbbissCRThe current state of weight-cutting in combat sportsSports.20197 5 123 https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050123
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
WallBAWatsonGPeifferJJAbbissCRSiegelRLaursenPBCurrent hydration guidelines are erroneous: dehydration does not impair exercise performance in the heatBr J Sports Med2013bjsports-2013 092417
Google Scholar
James LJ, Funnell MP, James RM, Mears SA. Does hypohydration really impair endurance performance? Methodological considerations for interpreting hydration research. Sports Med. 2019;49:1–12.
Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNKenefickRWMontainSJSawkaMNMechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydrationJ Appl Physiol2010109 6 1989 1995 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2010
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BarleyORChapmanDWBlazevichAJAbbissCRAcute dehydration impairs endurance without modulating neuromuscular functionFront Physiol20189 1562 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01562
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Convertino VA, Armstrong LE, Coyle EF, Mack GW, Sawka MN, Senay LC, et al. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28:377–90.
Google Scholar
ZubacDMarusicUKarnincicHHydration status assessment techniques and their applicability among Olympic combat sports athletes: literature reviewStrength Cond J201638 4 80 89 https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000236
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEMaughanRJSenayLCShirreffsSMLimitations to the use of plasma osmolality as a hydration biomarkerAm J Clin Nutr201398 2 503 504 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFynsbfL https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.065466
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BarleyORIredaleFChapmanDWHopperAAbbissCRRepeat effort performance is reduced 24 hours after acute dehydration in mixed martial arts athletesJ Strength Cond Res201832 9 2555 2561 https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002249
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Greenhalgh T, Thorne S, Malterud K. Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews? Eur J Clin Invest. 2018;48(6):e12931. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.12931.
Google Scholar
SawkaMNCoyleEFInfluence of body water and blood volume on thermoregulation and exercise performance in the heatExerc Sport Sci Rev199927 167 218 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ltFKisQ%3D%3D
PubMedGoogle Scholar
OppligerRABartokCHydration testing of athletesSports Med200232 15 959 971 https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232150-00001
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Fernández-ElíasVEMartínez-AbellánALópez-GullónJMMorán-NavarroRPallarésJGDe la Cruz-SánchezE et al Validity of hydration non-invasive indices during the weightcutting and official weigh-in for Olympic combat sportsPLoS One20149 4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095336 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1ajsLnJ
Google Scholar
FortesMBDimentBCDi FeliceUGunnAEKendallJLEsmaeelpourM et al Tear fluid osmolarity as a potential marker of hydration statusMed Sci Sports Exerc201143 8 1590 1597 https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820e7cb6
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Ely BR, Cheuvront SN, Kenefick RW, Sawka MN. Limitations of salivary osmolality as a marker of hydration status. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1080–4.
Google Scholar
ShirreffsSMarkers of hydration statusJ Sports Med Phys Fitness200040 1 80 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3ot1ehsw%3D%3D
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SawkaMNYoungAJPandolfKBDennisRCValeriRCErythrocyte, plasma, and blood volume of healthy young menMed Sci Sports Exerc199224 4 447 453 1:STN:280:DyaK383hvF2gtg%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199204000-00009
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
DillDBCostillDLCalculation of percentage changes in volumes of blood, plasma, and red cells in dehydrationJ Appl Physiol197437 2 247 248 1:STN:280:DyaE2c3pvV2ntw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1974.37.2.247
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
RobertsonJMaughanRDavidsonRChanges in red cell density and related indices in response to distance runningEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol198857 2 264 269 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7ms1KqsQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640674
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
PopowskiLAOppligerRAPatrickLGJohnsonRFKimJAGisolfCBlood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydrationMed Sci Sports Exerc200133 5 747 753 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzlsFOluw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105000-00011
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SollanekKJKenefickRWCheuvrontSNAxtellRSPotential impact of a 500-mL water bolus and body mass on plasma osmolality dilutionEur J Appl Physiol2011111 9 1999 2004 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-1833-3
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNKenefickRWCharkoudianNSawkaMNPhysiologic basis for understanding quantitative dehydration assessmentAm J Clin Nutr201397 3 455 462 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXjt1Cns7Y%3D https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.044172
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
HamoutiNDel CosoJMora-RodriguezRComparison between blood and urinary fluid balance indices during dehydrating exercise and the subsequent hypohydration when fluid is not restoredEur J Appl Physiol2013113 3 611 620 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2467-9
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
FrancesconiRHubbardRSzlykPSchnakenbergDCarlsonDLevaN et al Urinary and hematologic indexes of hypohydrationJ Appl Physiol198762 3 1271 1276 1:STN:280:DyaL2s7psVCgtA%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.62.3.1271
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEMareshCMCastellaniJWBergeronMFKenefickRWLaGasseKE et al Urinary indices of hydration statusInt J Sport Nutr19944 3 265 279 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FnvVyrug%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.265
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
NoseHMackGWShiXNadelERShift in body fluid compartments after dehydration in humansJ Appl Physiol198865 1 318 324 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3pvVGltQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.318
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
GillGBaylisPFlearCLawsonJChanges in plasma solutes after foodJ R Soc Med198578 12 1009 1013 1:STN:280:DyaL28%2Fmt1Cluw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1177/014107688507801206
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MontainSJCheuvrontSNCarterR Sawka MN2006 DTIC Document Human water and electrolyte balance
Google Scholar
ChackoBPeterJVPatoleSFlemingJJSelvakumarRElectrolytes assessed by point-of-care testing–are the values comparable with results obtained from the central laboratory?Indian J Crit Care Med201115 1 24 https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.78219
Google Scholar
EdelmanILeibmanJO'mearaMBirkenfeldLInterrelations between serum sodium concentration, serum osmolarity and total exchangeable sodium, total exchangeable potassium and total body waterJ Clin Invest195837 9 1236 1256 1:CAS:528:DyaG1cXhtVGktbY%3D https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI103712
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNKenefickRWSollanekKJElyBRSawkaMNWater-deficit equation: systematic analysis and improvementAm J Clin Nutr201297 1 79 85 https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.046839 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXnvVOhsg%3D%3D
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
StachenfeldNSGleimGWZabetakisPMNicholasJAFluid balance and renal response following dehydrating exercise in well-trained men and womenEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol199672 5–6 468 477 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsFyhsbk%3D https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00242277
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SchrierRBerlTAndersonROsmotic and nonosmotic control of vasopressin releaseAm J Physiol Renal Physiol1979236 4 F321 FF32 1:CAS:528:DyaE1MXitVSqtbs%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1979.236.4.F321
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
FrancesconiRSawkaMNPandolfKBHypohydration and heat acclimation: plasma renin and aldosterone during exerciseJ Appl Physiol198355 6 1790 1794 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXks1SjtA%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1983.55.6.1790
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MontainSJLairdJELatzkaWASawkaMNAldosterone and vasopressin responses in the heat: hydration level and exercise intensity effectsMed Sci Sports Exerc199729 5 661 668 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtl2msbs%3D https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705000-00012
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
HammerumMSBiePPumpBJohansenLBChristensenNJNorskPVasopressin, angiotensin II and renal responses during water immersion in hydrated humansJ Physiol1998511 1 323 330 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmtlCqtLk%3D https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.323bi.x
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BrandenbergerGCandasVFolleniusMKahnJThe influence of the initial state of hydration on endocrine responses to exercise in the heatEur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol198958 6 674 679 1:STN:280:DyaL1M3ns1egtg%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00418516
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ZerbeRMillerJRobertsonGThe reproducibility and heritability of individual differences in osmoregulatory function in normal human subjectsJ Lab Clin Med1991117 1 51 59 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7gtVyqtA%3D%3D
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
AhokoskiOVirtanenAKairistoVScheininHHuupponenRIrjalaKBiological day-to-day variation and reference change limits of serum cortisol and aldosterone in healthy young men on unrestricted dietsClin Chem199945 7 1097 1099 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktlOns70%3D https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.7.1097
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
RicosCArbosMQuality goals for hormone testingAnn Clin Biochem199027 4 353 358 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmsVA%3D https://doi.org/10.1177/000456329002700412
Google Scholar
JansenLTSuhHAdamsJSprongCASealADScottDM et al Osmotic stimulation of vasopressin acutely impairs glucose regulation: a counterbalanced, crossover trialAm J Clin Nutr2019110 6 1344 1352 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz236
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
EnhörningSBrunkwallLTasevskaIEricsonUPersson TholinJPerssonM et al Water supplementation reduces copeptin and plasma glucose in adults with high copeptin: the H2O metabolism pilot studyJ Clin Endocrinol Metab2019104 6 1917 1925 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02195
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ZubacDRealeRKarnincicHSivricAJelaskaIUrine specific gravity as an indicator of dehydration in Olympic combat sport athletes; considerations for research and practiceEur J Sport Sci201818 7 920 929 https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1468483
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ShirreffsSMMaughanRJUrine osmolality and conductivity as indices of hydration status in athletes in the heatMed Sci Sports Exerc199830 11 1598 1602 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FjtFCitw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199811000-00007
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SawkaMNBurkeLMEichnerERMaughanRJMontainSJStachenfeldNSAmerican College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacementMed Sci Sports Exerc200739 2 377 390 https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEHerrera SotoJAHackerFTJrCasaDJKavourasSAMareshCMUrinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydrationInt J Sport Nutr19988 4 345 355 1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2FmtVWnuw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
OppligerRAMagnesSAPopowskiLAGisolfiCVAccuracy of urine specific gravity and osmolality as indicators of hydration statusInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200515 3 236 251 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.15.3.236
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ZubacDParavlicARealeRJelaskaIMorrisonSAIvancevVFluid balance and hydration status in combat sport Olympic athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studiesEur J Nutr201958 2 497 514 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01937-2
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
RowatASmithLGrahamCLyleDHorsburghDDennisMA pilot study to assess if urine specific gravity and urine colour charts are useful indicators of dehydration in acute stroke patientsJ Adv Nurs201167 9 1976 1983 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05645.x
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
FreedmanSBVandermeerBMilneAHartlingLJohnsonDBlackK et al Diagnosing clinically significant dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis using noninvasive methods: a meta-analysisJ Pediatr2015166 4 908 16. e6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.029
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEMareshCMGabareeCVHoffmanJRKavourasSAKenefickRW et al Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intakeJ Appl Physiol199782 6 2028 2035 1:STN:280:DyaK2szltVSqtQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.6.2028
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Zubac D, Cular D, Marusic U. Reliability of urinary dehydration markers among elite youth boxers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;13:374–81.
Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNKenefickRWZambraskiEJSpot urine concentrations should not be used for hydration assessment: a methodology reviewInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201525 3 293 297 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0138
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Hew-ButlerTWeiszKThe hydration sweet spot: importance of AquaporinsClin Lab Sci201629 3 186 193 https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.29.3.186
Google Scholar
OliverSJLaingSJWilsonSBilzonJLWalshNPSaliva indices track hypohydration during 48 h of fluid restriction or combined fluid and energy restrictionArch Oral Biol200853 10 975 980 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.05.002
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
WalshNPLaingSJOliverSJMontagueJCWaltersRBilzonJLSaliva parameters as potential indices of hydration status during acute dehydrationMed Sci Sports Exerc200436 9 1535 1542 https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000139797.26760.06
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
WalshNPMontagueJCCallowNRowlandsAVSaliva flow rate, total protein concentration and osmolality as potential markers of whole body hydration status during progressive acute dehydration in humansArch Oral Biol200449 2 149 154 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvFygt7s%3D https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2003.08.001
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNElyBRKenefickRWSawkaMNBiological variation and diagnostic accuracy of dehydration assessment markersAm J Clin Nutr201092 3 565 573 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFWmsbfI https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29490
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Ben-AryehHRollNLahavMDlinRHanne-PaparoNSzargelR et al Effect of exercise on salivary composition and cortisol in serum and saliva in manJ Dent Res198968 11 1495 1497 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkvV2luw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680110501
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
LjungbergGEricsonTEkblomBBirkhedDSaliva and marathon runningScand J Med Sci Sports19977 4 214 219 1:STN:280:DyaK2szotlSgtw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00142.x
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
SollanekKJKenefickRWWalshNPFortesMBEsmaeelpourMCheuvrontSNAssessment of thermal dehydration using the human eye: what is the potential?J Therm Biol201237 2 111 117 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.12.006
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
UngaroCTReimelAJNuccioRPBarnesKAPahnkeMDBakerLBNon-invasive estimation of hydration status changes through tear fluid osmolarity during exercise and post-exercise rehydrationEur J Appl Physiol2015115 5 1165 1175 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3099-7
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
HollandJJRayMIrwinCSkinnerTLLeverittMDesbrowBTear osmolarity is sensitive to exercise-induced fluid loss but is not associated with common hydration measures in a field settingJ Sports Sci201836 11 1220 1227 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1365157
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
OwenJAFortesMBRahmanSUJibaniMWalshNPOliverSJHydration marker diagnostic accuracy to identify mild intracellular and extracellular dehydrationInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab201929 6 604 611 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmt1ars74%3D https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0022
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
DurenDLSherwoodRJCzerwinskiSALeeMChohACSiervogelRM et al Body composition methods: comparisons and interpretationJ Diabetes Sci Technol20082 6 1139 1146 https://doi.org/10.1177/193229680800200623
PubMedGoogle Scholar
SchoellerDVan SantenEPetersonDDietzWJaspanJKleinPTotal body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled waterAm J Clin Nutr198033 12 2686 2693 1:STN:280:DyaL3M%2FlvFCqtw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/33.12.2686
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
LukaskiHCJohnsonPEA simple, inexpensive method of determining total body water using a tracer dose of D2O and infrared absorption of biological fluidsAm J Clin Nutr198541 2 363 370 1:STN:280:DyaL2M7hvFWhtw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/41.2.363
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Al-AtiTPrestonTAl-HootiSAl-HamadNAl-GhanimJAl-KhulifiF et al Total body water measurement using the 2 H dilution technique for the assessment of body composition of Kuwaiti childrenPublic Health Nutr201518 2 259 263 https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980013003534
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
FieldsDGoranMIMcCroryMABody-composition assessment via air-displacement plethysmography in adults and children: a reviewAm J Clin Nutr200275 3 453 467 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvFKhsbw%3D https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.3.453
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
GernerBMcCallumZSheehanJHarrisCWakeMAre general practitioners equipped to detect child overweight/obesity? Survey and auditJ Paediatr Child Health200642 4 206 211 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00831.x
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNKenefickRWCORP: improving the status quo for measuring whole body sweat lossesJ Appl Physiol2017123 3 632 636 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2017
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MaughanRJShirreffsSMLeiperJBErrors in the estimation of hydration status from changes in body massJ Sports Sci200725 7 797 804 https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410600875143
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
LeiperJBPitsiladisYMaughanRJComparison of water turnover rates in men undertaking prolonged cycling exercise and sedentary menInt J Sports Med200122 03 181 185 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3lsFClsg%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-15912
Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNCarterRIIIMontainSJSawkaMNDaily body mass variability and stability in active men undergoing exercise-heat stressInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200414 5 532 540 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.532
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MontainSJCoyleEFInfluence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exerciseJ Appl Physiol199273 4 1340 1350 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FnsleksQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.4.1340
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
McGeeSAbernethyWBIIISimelDLIs this patient hypovolemic?JAMA1999281 11 1022 1029 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7osVansA%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.11.1022
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
González-AlonsoJMora-RodriguezRBelowPRCoyleEFDehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exerciseJ Appl Physiol199782 4 1229 1236 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.4.1229
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
CheuvrontSNElyBRKenefickRWBullerMJCharkoudianNSawkaMNHydration assessment using the cardiovascular response to standingEur J Appl Physiol2012112 12 4081 4089 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2390-0
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
ArmstrongLEGanioMSKlauJFJohnsonECCasaDJMareshCMNovel hydration assessment techniques employing thirst and a water intake challenge in healthy menAppl Physiol Nutr Metab201439 2 138 144 https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0369
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
YoungAJSawkaMNEpsteinYDeCristofanoBPandolfKBCooling different body surfaces during upper and lower body exerciseJ Appl Physiol198763 3 1218 1223 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2Fgslajuw%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.3.1218
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
Greenleaf JE, Morimoto T. Mechanisms controlling fluid ingestion: thirst and drinking. In Buskirk ER, Puhl SM (eds): “Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport.” Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1996.
Google Scholar
OrmerodJKElliottTAScheettTPVanHeestJLArmstrongLEMareshCMDrinking behavior and perception of thirst in untrained women during 6 weeks of heat acclimation and outdoor trainingInt J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab200313 1 15 28 https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.13.1.15
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
HubbardRWSzlykPCArmstrongLEInfluence of thirst and fluid palatability on fluid ingestion during exercisePerspect Exerc Sci Sports Med19903 39 95
Google Scholar
GoingSBMassettMPHallMCBareLARootPAWilliamsDP et al Detection of small changes in body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometryAm J Clin Nutr199357 6 845 850 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ns1OktQ%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.6.845
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
PietrobelliAFormicaCWangZHeymsfieldSBDual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition model: review of physical conceptsAm J Physiol Endcrinol Metab1996271 6 E941 EE51 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtFCrug%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.6.E941
Web of Science ®Google Scholar
BaimSWilsonCRLewieckiEMLuckeyMMDownsRWJrLentleBCPrecision assessment and radiation safety for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: position paper of the International Society for Clinical DensitometryJ Clin Densitom20058 4 371 378 https://doi.org/10.1385/JCD:8:4:371
Google Scholar
De LorenzoAAndreoliAMatthieJWithersPPredicting body cell mass with bioimpedance by using theoretical methods: a technological reviewJ Appl Physiol199782 5 1542 1558 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1542
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
MialichMSSicchieriJFJuniorAAJAnalysis of body composition: a critical review of the use of bioelectrical impedance analysisInt J Clin Nutr20142 1 1 10
Google Scholar
YasumuraSCohnSEllisKMeasurement of extracellular space by total body neutron activationAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol1983244 1 R36 R40 1:STN:280:DyaL3s%2FpvVSisA%3D%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1983.244.1.R36
Google Scholar
CostillDCoteRFinkWMuscle water and electrolytes following varied levels of dehydration in manJ Appl Physiol197640 1 6 11 1:CAS:528:DyaE28XhtVeitrY%3D https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1976.40.1.6
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
WardSRLieberRLDensity and hydration of fresh and fixed human skeletal muscleJ Biomech200538 11 2317 2320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.10.001
PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
GrahamJLambJLintonAMeasurement of body water and intracellular electrolytes by means of muscle biopsyLancet1967290 7527 1172 1176 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(67)91892-2
Google Scholar
ChenLKimYSantucciKAUse of ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava diameter as an objective tool in the assessment of children with clinical dehydrationAcad Emerg Med200714 10 841 845 https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.040
Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Share icon
Back to Top

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.

People also read
Recommended articles
Cited by

To cite this article:

Reference style: APA Chicago Harvard

Citation copied to clipboard

Reference styles above use APA (6th edition), Chicago (16th edition) & Harvard (10th edition)

Download citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by citation management software including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks and Reference Manager.

Choose format: RIS BibTex RefWorks Direct Export

Choose options: Citation Citation & abstract Citation & references

Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes

References

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Your download is now in progress and you may close this window

Login or register to access this feature

Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes

References

Related research

To cite this article:

Download citation

Information for

Open access

Opportunities

Help and information

Keep up to date