- 1) Wurtman, R. J., Nutrition that modify brain function. Sci. Am., 50, 246–249 (1982).
- 2) Fernstorm, J. D., Can nutrient supplements modify brain function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71 (Suppl), 1669S–1673S (2000).
- 3) Cardinali, D. P., Melatonin. A mammalian pineal hormone. Endocr. Rev., 2, 327–346 (1981).
- 4) Matsueda, S., and Niiyama, Y., The effect of excess amino acids on maintenance of pregnancy and fetal growth in rat. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 28, 557–573 (1982).
- 5) Gullino, P., Winitz, M., Birnbaum, S. M., Cornfield, J., Clyde, M., Jesse, O., and Greenstein, P., Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. I. Toxicity of essential amino acids individually and in mixtures, and the protective effect of L-arginine. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 64, 319–332 (1956).
- 6) Pakes, G. E., L-tryptophan in psychiatric practice. Drug Intel. Clin. Pharm., 13, 391–396 (1979).
- 7) Shibata, K., Kawada, T., and Iwai, K., Simultaneous micro-determination of nicotinamide and its major metabolites, N 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N 1-methyl-3-pyridone-4-carboxamide, by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 424, 23–28 (1988).
- 8) Pullman, M. E., and Colowick, S. P., Preparation of 2- and 6-pyridones of N1-methylnicotinamide. J. Biol. Chem., 206, 121–127 (1954).
- 9) Shibata, K., Ultramicro-determination of N 1-methylnicotinamide in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Vitamins, 61, 599–604 (1987).
- 10) Shibata, K., and Onodera, M., Measurement of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and anthranilic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 143–148 (1991).
- 11) Shibata, K., Fluorimetric micro-determination of kynurenic acid, as endogenous blocker of neurotoxicity, by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr., 430, 376–380 (1988).
- 12) Shibata, K., and Onodera, M., Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of xanthurenic acid and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in urine. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 56, 974 (1992).
- 13) Mawatari, K., Oshida, K., Iinuma, F., and Watanabe, W., Determination of quinolinic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. Anal. Clin. Acta, 302, 179–183 (1995).
- 14) Hajak, G., Huether, G., Blanke, J., Blömer, M., Freyer, C., Poeggeler, B., Reimer, A., Rodenbeck, A., Schulz-Varszegi, M., and Rüther, E., The influence of intravenous L-tryptophan on plasma melatonin and sleep in men. Pharmacophychiatry, 24, 17–20 (1991).
- 15) Ouichou, A., and Pévet, P., Implication of tryptophan in the stimulatory effect of delta-sleep-inducing peptide on indole secretion form perfused rat pineal glands. Biol. Signals, 1, 78–87 (1992).
- 16) Shibata, K., Relationship between the ratio of the excreted by-products of niacin metabolism, N 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide+N 1-methyl-3-pyridone-4-carboxamide-N 1-methylnicotinamide and amino acid intake. Vitamins, 64, 1–18 (1990).
- 17) Shibata, K., Effect of Protein-amino acids, lipid, and carbohydrate on the conversion ratio of tryptophan to niacin. Vitamins (Japan), 70, 369–382 (1996).
- 18) Fukuwatari, T., Wada, H., Sasaki, R., and Shibata, K., Effect of excess nicotinamide administration on the urinary excretion of nicotinamide N-oxide and nicotinic acid by rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 68, 44–50 (2004).
- 19) Ghafoorunissa, and Narasinga Rao, B. S., Effect of protein level in the diet on quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase of rat liver. Life Sci., 15, 1597–1602 (1974).
- 20) Satayana, U., and Narasinga Rao, B. S., Effect of diet restriction on some key enzymes on the tryptophan-NAD pathway in rats. J. Nutr., 107, 2213–2221 (1977).
Full access
Urinary Excretory Ratio of Anthranilic Acid/Kynurenic Acid as an Index of the Tolerable Amount of Tryptophan
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.