180
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Metabolism and Distribution of Docosapentaenoic Acid (n-6) in the Liver and Testis of Growing Rats

, , , &
Pages 2548-2554 | Received 14 Apr 2008, Accepted 02 Jul 2008, Published online: 22 May 2014

  • 1) Nuringer, M., Conner, W. E., Petten, C. V., and Barstad, L., Dietary omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and visual loss in infant rhesus monkeys. J. Clin. Invest., 73, 272–276 (1984).
  • 2) Bazan, N. G., Reddy, R. S., Bazan, H. E. P., and Birkle, D. L., Metabolism of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in the retina. Prog. Lipid Res., 25, 595–606 (1986).
  • 3) Uauy, R. D., Birch, D. G., Tyson, J. E., and Hoffman, D. R., Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on retinal function of very-low-birth-weight neonates. Pediatr. Res., 28, 485–492 (1990).
  • 4) Sandra, N., Gharib, A., Croset, M., Moliere, P., and Lagarde, M., Fatty acid composition of the rat pineal gland. Dietary modifications. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1081, 75–78 (1991).
  • 5) Koletzko, B., Decso, T., and Demmelmair, H., Arachidonic acid supply and metabolism in human infants born at full term. Lipids, 31, 79–83 (1996).
  • 6) Makrides, B., Neumann, M., Simmer, K., Pater, J., and Gibson, R., Are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy? Lancet, 345, 1463–1468 (1995).
  • 7) Field, C. J., Thomson, C. A., Van Aerde, J. E., Parrott, A., Euler, A., Lien, E., and Clandinin, M. T., Lower proportion of CD45RO + cells and deficient interleukin-10 production by formula fed infants, compared with human-fed, is corrected with supplementation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 31, 291–299 (2000).
  • 8) Sanjurjo, P., Rodriguez-Alarcon, J., and Rodriguez-Soriano, J., Plasma fatty acid composition during the first week of life following feeding with human milk or formula. Acta Paediatr. Scand., 77, 202–209 (1988).
  • 9) Carlson, S. E., Werkman, S. H., Peeples, J. M., Cooke, R. J., and Tolly, E. A., Arachidonic acid status correlates with first year growth in preterm infants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 1073–1077 (1993).
  • 10) Cao, J. M., Blond, J. P., Juaneda, P., Durand, G., and Bezard, J., Effect of low levels of dietary fish oils on fatty acid desaturation and tissue fatty acids in obese and lean rats. Lipids, 30, 825–832 (1995).
  • 11) Suarez, A., Faus, M. J., and Gil, A., Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modify heart, kidney, and lung fatty acid composition in weanling rats. Lipids, 31, 345–348 (1996).
  • 12) Gunstone, F. D., Harwood, J. L., and Padley, F. B., “The Lipid Handbook,” Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 173–175 (1994).
  • 13) Verdino, B., Blank, M. L., Privett, O. S., and Lundberg, W. O., Metabolism of 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid in the essential fatty acid-deficient rat. J. Nutr., 83, 234–236 (1964).
  • 14) Schlenk, H., Gellerman, J. L., and Sand, D. M., Retroconversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids in vivo by partial degradation and hydrogenation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 137, 420–425 (1967).
  • 15) Kunau, W. H., Uber dei synthese der an allen doppelbindungen tritiummarkierten 4.7.10.13.16-docosapentaensaure und ihre umwandlung in 5.8.11.14-eicosatetraensaure bei fettfrei ernharten ratten. Z. Physiol. Chem., 349, 333–336 (1968).
  • 16) Bridges, R. B., and Coniglio, J. G., The metabolism of 4,7,10,13,16-[5-14C]docosapentaenoic acid in the testis of the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 218, 29–35 (1970).
  • 17) Homayoun, P. G., Durand, G., Pascal, G., and Bourre, J. M., Alternation of fatty acid composition of adult rat brain capillaries and choroid plexus induced by a diet deficient in n-3 fatty acids: slow recovery after substitution with a non-deficient diet. J. Neurochem., 51, 45–48 (1988).
  • 18) Guesnet, P., Pasval, G., and Durand, G., Effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on lipid fatty acid composition of liver and serum in the rat. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., 28, 275–292 (1988).
  • 19) Tam, P. S., Umeda-Sawada, R., Yaguchi, T., Akimoto, K., Kiso, T., and Igarashi, O., The metabolism and distribution of docosapentaenoic acid (n-6) in rats and rat hepatocytes. Lipids, 35, 71–75 (2000).
  • 20) American Institute of Nutrition, Report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc committee on standards for nutritional studies. J. Nutr., 107, 1340–1348 (1977).
  • 21) Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G. H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 266, 497–509 (1957).
  • 22) Fujiyama-Fujiwara, Y., Ohmori, C., and Igarashi, O., Metabolism of γ-linolenic acid in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 35, 591–611 (1989).
  • 23) Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N., Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-PhOH-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem., 162, 156–159 (1987).
  • 24) Kunau, W. H., Partial degradation of 4.7.10.13.16-docosapentaenoic acid in rat liver. FEBS Lett., 16, 54–56 (1971).
  • 25) Raimondi, L., Lodovici, M., Visioli, F., Sartiani, L., Cioni, L., Alfarano, C., Banchelli, G., Pirisino, R., Cecchi, E., Cerbai, E., and Mugelli, A., N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation decreases asymmetric dimethyl arginine and arachidonate accumulation in aging spontaneously hypertensive rats. Eur. J. Nutr., 44, 327–333 (2005).
  • 26) Wang, J. Y., and Saito, M., Dietary supplementation of n-3 fatty acids and hydroperoxide levels in rat retinas. Free Radic. Res., 35, 367–375 (2001).
  • 27) Engler, M. M., Bellenger-Germain, S. H., Engler, M. B., Narce, M. M., and Poisson, J. P., Dietary docosahexaenoic acid affects stearic acid desaturation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids, 35, 1011–1015 (2000).
  • 28) Engler, M. M., Engler, M. B., Kroetz, D. L., Boswell, K. D., Neeley, E., and Krassner, S. M., The effects of a diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid on organ and vascular fatty acid composition in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 61, 289–295 (1999).
  • 29) Matsuzaka, T., Shimano, H., Yahagi, N., Amemiya-Kudo, M., Yoshikawa, T., Hasty, A. H., Tamura, Y., Osuga, J., Okazaki, H., Iizuka, Y., Takahashi, A., Sone, H., Gotoda, T., Ishibashi, S., and Yamada, N., Dual regulation of mouse delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase gene expression by SREBP-1 and PPARα. J. Lipid Res., 43, 107–114 (2002).
  • 30) Horton, J. D., Goldstein, J. L., and Brown, M. S., SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J. Clin. Invest., 109, 1125–1131 (2002).
  • 31) Xu, J., Teran-Garcia, M., Park, J. H., Nakamura, M. T., and Clarke, S. D., Polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 expression by accelerating transcript decay. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 9800–9807 (2001).
  • 32) Xu, J., Cho, H., O’Malley, S., Park, J. H., and Clarke, S. D., Dietary polyunsaturated fats regulate rat liver sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 and -2 in three distinct stages and by different mechanisms. J. Nutr., 132, 3333–3339 (2002).
  • 33) Sanders, T. A., Gleason, K., Griffin, B., and Miller, G. J., Influence of an algal triacylglycerol containing docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-6) on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. Br. J. Nutr., 95, 525–531 (2006).
  • 34) Coniglio, J. G., Testicular lipids. Prog. Lipid Res., 33, 387–401 (1994).
  • 35) Leat, W. M. F., Northrop, C. A., Harrison, F. A., and Cox, R. W., Effect of dietary linoleic and linolenic acids on testicular development in the rat. J. Exp. Physiol., 68, 221–231 (1983).
  • 36) Coniglio, J. G., “The Testis” Vol. IV, eds. Johnson, A. D., and Gomes, W. R., Academic Press, New York, pp. 425–449 (1977).
  • 37) Su, A. I., Cooke, M. P., Ching, K. A., Hakak, Y., Walker, J. R., Wiltshire, T., Orth, A. P., Vega, R. G., Sapinoso, L. M., Moqrich, A., Patapoutian, A., Hampton, G. M., Schultz, P. G., and Hogenesch, J. B., Large-scale analysis of the human and mouse transcriptomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 99, 4465–4470 (2002).
  • 38) Shimomura, I., Shimano, H., Horton, J. D., Goldstein, J. L., and Brown, M. S., Differential expression of exons 1a and 1c in mRNAs for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in human and mouse organs and cultured cells. J. Clin. Invest., 99, 838–845 (1997).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.