Who Fares Better?

References

• Aneshensel , C. S. 1992 . Social stress: Theory and research . Annual Review of Sociology , 18 : 15 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barth , R. P. , Schinke , S. P. and Maxwell , J. S. 1983 . Psychological correlates of teenage motherhood . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , 17 ( 6 ) : 471 – 487 .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks-Gunn , J. and Chase-Lansdale , P. L. 1995 . “ Adolescent parenthood ” . In Handbook of parenting: Volume 3 Status and social conditions of parenting , Edited by: Bornstein , M. H. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Brooks-Gunn , J. and Furstenberg , F. F. 1986 . The children of adolescent mothers: Physical, academic, and psychological outcomes . Developmental Review , 6 : 224 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control . 1999 . [On-Line]. Available: http://www.cdc.nchswww/releases/ 99news/99news/97natal.html
   Google Scholar
• Chung , S. 1996 . Linking characteristics of the adolescent mothers to the context in which parenting occurs: A study on adolescent mothers and their school-aged children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth . Dissertation Abstracts International Section A , 56 ( 7 ) : 2588
   Google Scholar
• Coley , R. L. and Chase-Lansdale , P. L. 1998 . Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood: Recent evidence and future directions . American Psychologist , 53 ( 2 ) : 152 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowan , C. P. and Cowan , P. A. 1992 . When partners become parents: The big life change for couples , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Demo , D. H. 1992 . The self-concept over time: Research issues and directions . Annual Review of Sociology , 18 : 303 – 326 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elster , A. B. and Panzarine , S. 1983 . Teenage fathers: Stresses during gestation and early parenthood . Clinical Pediatrics , 20 : 700 – 703 .
   Google Scholar
• Erikson , E. H. 1968 . Identity, youth and crisis , NY : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• Fertman , C. I. and Chubb , N. H. 1992 . The effects of a psychoeducational program on adolescents' activity involvement and self-esteem and locus of control . Adolescence , 27 : 517 – 526 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Furstenberg , F. F. , Levine , J. A. and Brooks-Gunn , J. 1990 . The children of teenage mothers: Patterns of early childbearing in two generations . Family Perspectives , 22 ( 2 ) : 54 – 61 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffore , R. J. , Kallen , D. J. , Popovich , S. and Powell , V. 1990 . Sex differences in correlates of college students' self-esteem . College Student Journal , 24 : 287 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , F. L. 1987 . Introducing Erik Erikson: An invitation to his thinking , Lanham, MD : University Press of America .
   Google Scholar
• Harter , S. 1983 . “ Developmental perspectives on self-system ” . In Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development , 4th ed. , Edited by: Hetherington , E. M. 275 – 285 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Holden , G. W. , Nelson , P. B. , Velasquez , J. and Ritchie , K. L. 1993 . Cognitive, psychosocial, and reported sexual behavior differences between pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents . Adolescence , 28 ( 111 ) : 557 – 573 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Horn , M. E. and Rudolph , L. B. 1987 . An investigation of verbal interaction, knowledge of sexual behavior and self-concept in adolescent mothers . Adolescence , 22 : 591 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurlbut , N. L. , Culp , A. M. , Jambunathan , S. and Butler , P. 1997 . Adolescent mothers' self-esteem and role identity and their relationship to parenting skills knowledge . Adolescence , 32 : 639 – 654 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keddie , A. M. 1992 . Psychosocial factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Jamaica . Adolescence , 27 : 873 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowaleski-Jones , L. and Duncan , G. J. 1999 . The structure of achievement and behavior across middle childhood . Child Development , 70 ( 4 ) : 930 – 943 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry , D. J. and Forrest , J. D. 1995 . How old are U. S. fathers? . Family Planning Perspectives , 27 : 159 – 165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lerman , R. I. 1993 . “ A national profile of young unwed fathers ” . In Young unwed fathers , Edited by: Lerman , R. I. and Ooms , T. J. 27 – 51 . Philadelphia : Temple University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , S. K. , Ross , C. E. and Mirowsky , J. 1999 . Establishing a sense of personal control in the transition to adulthood . Social Forces , 77 ( 4 ) : 1573 – 1599 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley , G. T. 1995 . The relationship of self-esteem and locus of control to unintended pregnancy and childbearing among adolescent females . Dissertation Abstracts International Section B , 55 ( 7-B ) : 2678
   Google Scholar
• Medora , N. P. , Goldstein , A. and von der Hellen , C. 1994 . Romanticism and self-esteem among pregnant adolescents, adolescent mothers, and nonpregnant, nonparenting teens . The Journal of Social Psychology , 134 : 581 – 592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizell , C. A. 1997 . Structural and social psychological influences on the adolescent self-concept, adult achievement and adult mental health of African-American males . Dissertation Abstracts International Section A , 58 ( 2-A ) : 0594
   Google Scholar
• National Longitudinal Study . 1999 . NLS Handbook , The Ohio State University .
   Google Scholar
• O'Malley , P. M. and Bachman , J. G. 1983 . Self-esteem: Change and stability between ages 13 and 23 . Developmental Psychology , 19 : 257 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten , M. A. 1981 . Self concept and self-esteem: Factors in adolescent pregnancy . Adolescence , 16 : 765 – 778 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlin , L. I. and Schooler , C. 1978 . The structure of coping . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 19 : 2 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlin , L. I. , Menaghan , E. G. , Lieberman , M. A. and Mullan , J. T. 1981 . The stress process . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 22 : 337 – 356 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirog-Good , M. A. 1995 . The family background and attitudes of teen fathers . Youth & Society , 26 ( 3 ) : 351 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricciuti , H. N. 1999 . Single parenthood and school readiness in White, Black, and Hispanic 6- and 7-year-olds . Journal of Family Psychology , 3 ( 3 ) : 450 – 465 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , B. E. and Barret , R. L. 1987 . Self-concept and anxiety of adolescent and adult fathers . Adolescence , 22 : 611 – 616 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson , B. E. 1988 . Teenage pregnancy from the father's perspective . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 58 : 48 – 51 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1965 . Society and adolescent self-image , Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1979 . Conceiving the self , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1985 . “ Self-concept and psychological well-being in adolescence ” . In The development of the self , Edited by: Leahy , R. L. Orlando, FL : The Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rotter , J. B. 1966 . Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcements . Psychological Monographs , 80 : 1 – 28 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savin-Williams , R. C. and Demo , D. H. 1984 . Developmental change and stability in adolescent self-concept . Developmental Psychology , 20 : 1100 – 1110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. D. 1998 . The fathers of infants born to adolescent mothers: A comparison with non-parenting male peers and adolescent mothers . Dissertation Abstracts International , 59 ( 3-B ) : 1395
   Google Scholar
• Ventura , S. J. , Martin , J. A. , Curtin , S. C. and Mathews , T. J. 1997 . “ Report of final national statistics, 1995 ” . In Monthly Vital Statistics Report , Vol. 45 , Hyattsville, MD : National Center for Health Statistics . 1, Suppl. 2
   Google Scholar
• Ventura , S. J. , Martin , J. A. , Curtin , S. C. , Mathews , T. J. and Park , M. M. 2000 . Births: Final data for 1998 . National Vital Statistics Reports , 48 ( 3 ) : 25
   Google Scholar
• Wittig , D. R. 1998 . Transitions in the life course and gender role ideology: Stability and change from adolescence to adulthood . Dissertation Abstracts International Section A , 59 ( 4-A ) : 1351
   Google Scholar
• Zongker , C. E. 1977 . The self-concept of pregnant adolescent girls . Adolescence , 12 : 477 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar