Reflections on Cancer in the Context of Women's Health: Focus Group Discussions with Iranian Immigrant Women in Sweden

REFERENCES

• Bottorff , J. , Balneaves , L. , Sent , L. , Grewal , S. and Browne , A. 2001 . Cervical Cancer Screening in Ethnocultural Groups: Case Studies in Women-Centered Care. . Women & Health , 33 ( 3/4 ) : 29 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brink , P. J. 1999 . Transcultural versus Cross-Cultural. . J Transcult Nurs , 10 ( 1 ) : 7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byrd , T. , Peterson , S. , Chavez , R. and Heckert , A. 2004 . Cervical Cancer Screening Beliefs Among Young Hispanic Women. . Prev Med , 38 : 192 – 197 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey , M. A. 1994 . “ The group effect in focus groups: Planning, implementing and interpreting focus group research. ” . In Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. Edited by: Morse , J. M. 225 – 241 . London, Sage
   Google Scholar
• Chavez , L. , McMullin , J. , Mishra , S. and Hubbell , F. 2001 . Beliefs Matter: Cultural Beliefs and the Use of Cervical Cancer-Screening Tests. . Am Anthro , 103 ( 4 ) : 1114 – 1129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diwan , V. K. , Sachs , L. and Wahlström , R. 1997 . Practice-Knowledge-Attitudes-Practice: An Explorative Study of Information in Primary Care. . Soc Sci Med , 44 ( 8 ) : 1221 – 1228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyrumlu , R. 1998 . Iranska familjer i Sverige-ett nordeuropiskt samhälle (Iranian families in Sweden-a northern european society). Angered, , Sweden : Invandrar-Litteratur .
   Google Scholar
• Farquhar , C. 1999 . “ Are focus groups suitable for “sensitive” topics? ” . In Developing focus group research. Politics, theory and practice. Edited by: Barbour , R. S. and Kitzinger , J. 47 – 63 . London, Sage
   Google Scholar
• Fern , E. F. 2001 . Advanced Focus Group Research. London, Sage
   Google Scholar
• Forss , A. 2001 . “ Dept. of Nursing ” . In Cervical cancer screening from the lay perspective. Lic Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet . Thesis
   Google Scholar
• Forss , A. , Tishelman , C. , Lundgren , E.-L. , Widmark , C. , Sachs , L. and Törnberg , S. 2001 . 'I got a letter …' A Qualitative Study of Women's Reasoning About Attendance in a Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Urban Sweden. . Psycho-Oncology , 10 : 76 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini , H. 1993 . Hunting for an Iranian Identity Botkyrka, , Sweden : Department of Swedish Immigration Institute and Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Kasle , S. , Wilhelm , M. and Reed , K. 2002 . Optimal Health and Well-Being for Women: Definitions and Strategies Derived from Focus Groups of Women. . Women's Health Issues , 12 ( 4 ) : 178 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , J. 1995 . Introducing Focus Groups. . BMJ , 311 : 299 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , J. and Barbour , R. S. 1999 . “ Introduction: The challenge and promise of focus groups. ” . In Developing Focus Group Research. Politics, Theory and Practice. Edited by: Barbour , R. and Kitzinger , J. 1 – 20 . London, Sage
   Google Scholar
• Lundgren , E.-L. , Tishelman , C. , Widmark , C. , Forss , A. , Sachs , L. and Törnberg , S. 2000 . Midwive's Descriptions of Their Familiarity with Cancer: A Qualitative Study of Midwives Working with Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban Sweden. . Canc Nurs , 23 ( 5 ) : 392 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meleis , A. 1986 . Women in transition: Being versus becoming or being and becoming. Halifax, Nova Scotia : Second International Congress on Women's Health Issues .
   Google Scholar
• Meleis , A. I. 1999 . Culturally Competent Care. . J Transcult Nurs , 10 ( 1 ) : 12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson , K. , Geiger , A. and Mangione , C. 2002 . Effect of Health Beliefs on Delays in Care for Abnormal Cervical Cytology in a Multiethnic Population. . J Gen Intern Med , 17 : 709 – 716 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penrod , J. , Bray Preston , D. , Cain , R. and Starks , M. 2003 . A Discussion of Chain Referral as a Method of Sampling Hard-to-Reach Populations. . J Transcult Nurs , 14 ( 2 ) : 100 – 107 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pérez-Stable , E. J. , Sabogal , F. , Otero-Sabogal , R. , Hiatt , R. A. and McPhee , S. J. 1992 . Misconceptions About Cancer Among Latinos and Anglos. . JAMA , 268 ( 22 ) : 3219 – 3223 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , N. and Moynihan , C. 1996 . Ethnicity and Health Beliefs with Respect to Cancer: A Critical Review of Methodology. . Brit J Canc , 74 ( Suppl. XXIX ) : S66 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstock , I. 1990 . “ The Health Belief Model: Explaining health behaviour through expectancies. ” . In Health Behavior and Health Education. Edited by: Glanz , K. , Lewis , F. and Rimer , B. 39 – 63 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkardi , A. , Widmark , C. , Törnberg , S. and Tishelman , C. 2004 . The 'Hows', 'Whos' and 'Whens' of Screening: Gynaecologists' Perspectives on Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban Sweden. . Soc Sci Med , 58 ( 6 ) : 1097 – 1108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage , S. and Clarke , V. 1998 . Older Women's Illness Representations of Cancer: A Qualitative Study. . Health Education Research: Theory and Practice , 13 ( 4 ) : 529 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sontag , S. 1977 . Illness as Metaphor. New York : Vintage Books .
   Google Scholar
• Tishelman , C. 1993 . Making Sense of Sickness Experience. Cancer patient's perspectives on their sickness and care in urban Sweden Karolinska Institutet .
   Google Scholar
• Tishelman , C. 1997 . Getting Sick and Getting Well: A Qualitative Study of Etiologic Explanations of People with Cancer. . J Adv Nurs , 25 : 60 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tishelman , C. , Forss , A. , Sachs , L. , Lundgren , E. L. , Widmark , C. and Törnberg , S. 1999 . Research on Risk and Risk in Research: Theoretical and Practical Experiences from a Multi-Disciplinary Study on Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban Sweden . Qual Heal Res , 9 ( 1 ) : 45 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins , M. , Gabali , C. , Winkleby , M. , Gaona , E. and Lebaron , S. 2002 . Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Mexico. . Int J Gynecol Canc , 12 : 475 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widmark , C. , Lagerlund , M. , Ahlberg , B. M. and Tishelman , C. Reflections on Cervical Cancer Screening: Focus Group Discussions with Women of Different Ages in Sweden (manuscript)
   Google Scholar
• Widmark , C. , Tishelman , C. , Lundgren , E.-L. , Forss , A. , Sachs , L. and Törnberg , S. 1998 . Opportunities and Burdens for Midwives Working in Primary Health Care: An Example from Population-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban Sweden. . J Nurs-Midw , 43 ( 6 ) : 530 – 540 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wood , K. , Jewkes , R. and Abrahams , N. 1997 . Cleaning the Womb: Constructions of Cervical Screening and Womb Cancer Among Rural Black Women in South Africa. . Soc Sci Med , 45 ( 2 ) : 283 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar