138
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Measuring Antenatal Depression and Anxiety: Findings from a Community-Based Study of Women in Hyderabad, Pakistan

, , , , , & show all
Pages 79-103 | Published online: 09 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Ali , B. S. , Rahbar , M. H. , Naeem , S. , Tareen , A. L. , Gul , A. and Samad , L. 2002 . Prevalence of and factors associated with anxiety and depression among a lower middle class semi-urban community of Karachi, Pakistan. . Journal of Pakistan Medical Association , S2 ( 7–12 ) : 513 – 517 .
  • Ali , B. S. , Reza , H. , Khan , M. M. and Jehan , I. 1998 . Development of an indigenous screening instrument in Pakistan: The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale. . Journal of Pakistan Medical Association , 48 ( 9 ) : 261 – 265 .
  • Allister , L. , Lester , B. M. , Carr , S. and Liu , J. 2001 . The effects of maternal depression on fetal heart rate response to vibroacoustic stimulation. . Developmental Neuro-psychology , 20 : 639 – 651 .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
  • Chung , T. K. , Lau , T. K. , Yip , A. S. , Chiu , H. F. and Lee , D. T. 2001 . Antepartum depressive symptomatology is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. . Psychosomatic Medicine , 63 : 830 – 834 .
  • Copper , R. L. , Goldenberg , R. L. , Das , A. , Elder , N. , Swain , M. , Norman , G. , Ramsey , R. , Cotroneo , P. , Collins , B. A. , Johnson , F. , Jones , P. and Meier , A. M. 1996 . The preterm prediction study: Maternal stress is associated with spontaneous pre-term birth at less than 35 weeks' gestation. . American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 175 ( 2 ) : 1286 – 1292 .
  • Cronbach , L. J. 1951 . Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. . Psycho-metrika , 16 : 297 – 334 .
  • Da-Silva , V. A. , Moraes-Santos , A. R. , Carvalho , M. S. , Martins , M. L. P. and Teixiera , N. A. 1998 . Pre-natal and post-natal depression among low income Brazilian women. . Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 31 : 799 – 804 .
  • Diego , M. A. , Field , T. and Hernandez-Reif , M. 2005 . Prepartum, postpartum, and chronic depression effects on neonatal behavior. . Infant Behavior and Development , 28 : 155 – 164 .
  • Dieter , J. , Field , T. M. , Hernandez-Reif , M. A. , Jones , N. A. , Lecanuet , J. P. and Salman , F. A. 2001 . Maternal depression and increased fetal activity. . Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , 21 : 468 – 473 .
  • Embretson , S. E. and Reise , S. P. 2000 . Item response theory for psychologists. , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc .
  • Evans , J. , Heron , J. , Francomb , H. , Oke , S. and Golding , J. 2001 . Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth. . British Medical Journal , 323 : 257 – 260 .
  • Field , T. , Diego , M. , Dieter , J. , Hernandez-Reif , M. , Schanberg , S. , Kuhn , C. , Yando , R. and Bendell , D. 2004 . Prenatal depression effects on the fetus and newborn. . Infant Behavior and Development , 27 : 216 – 229 .
  • Fikree , F. F. and Bhatti , L. I. 1999 . Domestic violence and health of Pakistani women. . International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics , 65 : 195 – 201 .
  • Goldenberg , R. L. , Hickey , C. A. , Oliver , S. P. , Gotlieb , S. , Woolley , T. W. and Hoffman , H. J. 1997 . Abbreviated scale for the assessment of psychosocial status in pregnancy: Development and evaluation. . Acta Gynecologica Scandinavica , 165 ( 76 ) : 19 – 29 .
  • Government of Pakistan . 2003 . Household integrated economic survey: Round 4: 2001–02. , Islamabad, , Pakistan : Federal Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan .
  • Hambleton , R. K. and Swaminathan , H. 1985 . Item response theory: Principles and applications. , Norwell, MA : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
  • Heron , J. , O'Connor , T. G. , Evans , J. , Golding , J. and Glover , V. 2004 . The course of anxiety and depression through pregnancy and the postpartum in a community sample. . Journal of Affective Disorders , 80 : 65 – 73 .
  • Hoyle , R. H. and Panter , A. T. 1995 . “ Writing about structural equation models. ” . In Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications. , Edited by: Hoyle , R. H. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Hu , L. and Bentler , P. M. 1999 . Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 : 1 – 55 .
  • Karmaliani , R. , Bann , C. M. , Pirani , F. , Akhtar , S. , Bender , R. H. , Goldenberg , R. and Moss , N. (In press). Diagnostic validity of two instruments for assessing depression and anxiety among Urdu-speaking pregnant women in Hyderabad, Pakistan. . Health Care for Women International. ,
  • Kessler , R. C. 2003 . Epidemiology of women and depression. . Journal of Affective Disorders , 74 : 5 – 13 .
  • Lord , F. 1980 . Applications of item response theory to practical testing problems. , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Minhas , F. A. and Nizami , A. T. 2006 . Somatoform disorders: Perspectives from Pakistan. . International Review of Psychiatry , 18 ( 1 ) : 55 – 60 .
  • Mumford , D. B. , Minhas , F. A. , Akhtar , I. , Akhter , S. and Mubbashar , M. H. 1997 . Stress and psychiatric disorder in urban Rawalpindi: A community survey. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 170 : 473 – 478 .
  • Murray , J. L. and Lopez , A. D. 1996 . The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Muthén , L. K. and Muthén , B. O. 2003 . Mplus User's Guide, , 2nd Ed. , Los Angeles, CA : Muthén & Muthén .
  • Neggers , Y. , Goldenberg , R. L. , Cliver , S. P. and Hauth , J. C. 2006 . The relationship between psychosocial profile, health practices, and pregnancy outcomes. . Acta Obstetrica et Gynecologica Scandinavia , 85 ( 3 ) : 277 – 285 .
  • O'Brien , B. and Naber , S. 1992 . Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: Effects on the quality of women's lives. . Birth , 19 : 138 – 143 .
  • O'Connor , T. G. , Heron , J. , Golding , J. , Beveridge , M. and Glover , V. 2002 . Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioural/emotional problems at three years. . British Journal of Psychiatry , 180 : 502 – 508 .
  • Ohaeri , J. U. and Odejide , O. A. 1994 . Somatization symptoms among patients using primary health care facilities in a rural community in Nigeria. . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 728 – 731 .
  • Patel , V. , Abas , M. , Broadhead , J. , Todd , C. and Reeler , A. 2001 . Depression in developing countries: Lessons from Zimbabwe. . British Medical Journal , 322 : 482 – 484 .
  • Pearlin , L. I. and Schooler , C. 1978 . The structure of coping. . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 19 ( 1 ) : 2 – 21 .
  • Piccinelli , M. and Homen , F. G. 1997 . Gender differences in the epidemiology of affective disorders and schizophrenia. World Health Organization Accessed May 6, 2005 on the world wide web at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1997/WHO_MSA_NAM_97.1.pdf
  • Rack , P. 1982 . Race, culture, and mental disorder , 101 – 105 . London : Tavistock Publication .
  • Radloff , L. S. 1977 . The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. . Applied Psychological Measurement , 1 : 385 – 401 .
  • Robertson , E. , Grace , S. , Wallington , T. and Stewart , D. E. 2004 . Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: A synthesis of recent literature. . General Hospital Psychiatry , 26 : 289 – 295 .
  • Rondo , P. H. , Ferreira , R. F. , Nogueira , F. , Ribeiro , M. C. , Lobert , H. and Artes , R. 2003 . Maternal psychological stress and distress as predictors of low birth weight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation. . European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 57 ( 2 ) : 266 – 272 .
  • Rosenberg , M. 1989 . Society and the adolescent self-image, , Revised ed. , Middletown, CT : Wesleyan University Press .
  • Samejima , F. 1969 . “ Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores ” . In Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores 4, Part 2, Whole #17
  • Schar , M. , Reeder , L. G. and Dirken , J. M. 1973 . Stress and cardiovascular health: An international cooperative study-II: The male population of a factory at Zurich. . Social Science and Medicine , 7 : 585 – 603 .
  • Schumacker , R. E. and Lomax , R. G. 1996 . A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. , Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Scientific Software International . 2003 . IRT from SSI: BILOG-MG, MULTILOG, PARSCALE, TESTFACT. , Lincolnwood, IL : Author .
  • Seguin , L. , Potvin , L. , St-Denis , M. and Loiselle , J. 1995 . Chronic stressors, social support, and depression during pregnancy. . Obstetrics and Gynecology , 85 ( 4 ) : 583 – 589 .
  • Simon , G. E. , VonKorff , M. , Piccinelli , M. , Fullerton , C. and Ormel , J. 1999 . An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. . New England Journal of Medicine , 341 ( 18 ) : 1329 – 1335 .
  • Slykerman , R. F. , Thompson , J. M. D. , Pryor , J. E. , Becroft , D. M. O. , Robinson , E. , Clark , P. M. , Wild , C. J. and Mitchell , E. A. 2005 . Maternal stress, social support, and preschool children's intelligence. . Early Human Development , 81 : 815 – 821 .
  • Spielberger , C. D. , Gorsuch , D. L. and Lushene , R. E. 1970 . Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
  • Teixeira , J. M. A. , Fisk , N. M. and Glover , V. 1999 . Association between maternal anxiety in pregnancy and increased uterine artery resistance index: Cohort based study. . British Medical Journal , 318 : 153 – 157 .
  • United Nations . 2003 . World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision. , New York, NY : Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations . Accessed May 6, 2005 on the world wide web at: http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=3
  • United Nations Development Programme . 2006 . Country sheet: Pakistan Accessed April 27, 2006 on the world wide web at: http://hdr.undp.org/statistics/data/countries.cfm?c=PAK
  • Winkvist , A. and Akhtar , H. Z. 1997 . Images of health and health care options among low-income women in Punjab, Pakistan. . Social Science and Medicine , 45 ( 10 ) : 1483 – 1491 .
  • Winkvist , A. and Akhtar , H. 2000 . God should give daughters to rich families only: Attitudes towards childbearing among low-income women in Punjab, Pakistan. . Social Science and Medicine , 51 : 73 – 81 .
  • World Health Organization . 2002 . Mental health: Responding to the call for action Accessed December 15, 2004 on the world wide web at: http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA55/ea5518.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.