Family Stress and Adjustment as Perceived by Parents of Children with Autism or Down Syndrome: Implications for Intervention

REFERENCES

• American Psychiatric Association . 1987 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-revised (3rd ed.). , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Blancher , J. 1984 . The sequential stages of parental adjustment to the birth of a child with handicaps: Fact or artifact. . Mental Retardation , 22 : 55 – 68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dunn , L. M. and Dunn , L. M. 1981 . The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. , Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service .
   Google Scholar
• Friedrich , W. N. , Greenberg , M. T. and Crnic , K. 1983 . A short form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 88 : 41 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gallagher , J. J. , Beckman , P. and Cross , A. H. 1983 . Families of handicapped children: Sources of stress and its amelioration. . Exceptional Children , 50 : 10 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , D. E. 1993 . Perceptions of stigma: The parents of autistic children. . Sociology of Health and Illness , 15 : 102 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris , S. L. 1982 . A family systems approach to behavioral training with parents of autistic children. . Child & Family Behavior Therapy , 4 : 21 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , S. L. 1983 . Families of the developmentally disabled: A guide to behavioral intervention. , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , S. L. 1994 . Siblings of children with autism: A guide for families. , Bethesda, MD : Woodbine House .
   Google Scholar
• Hollingshead , A. B. 1975 . Four factor index of social status. , Unpublished manuscript .
   Google Scholar
• Holroyd , J. and McArthur , D. 1976 . Mental retardation and stress on the parents: A contrast between Down's syndrome and childhood autism. . American Journal of Mental Deficiency , 80 : 431 – 436 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koegel , R. L. , Schreibman , L. , O'Neill , R. E. and Burke , J. C. 1983 . The personality and family interaction characteristics of parents of autistic children. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 683 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAndrew , I. 1976 . Children with a handicap and their families. . Child: Care, Health, and Development , 2 : 213 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos , R. and Moos , B. 1981 . Family environment scale manual , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , S. B. 1988 . The autistic child and family functioning: A developmental-family systems perspective. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 13 : 263 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigue , J. R. , Geffken , G. and Morgan , S. B. 1994 . Perceived competence and behavioral adjustment of siblings of children with autism. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 23 : 665 – 674 .
   Google Scholar
• Rodrigue , J. R. , Morgan , S. B. and Geffken , G. 1991 . A comparative evaluation of adaptive behavior in children and adolescents with autism, Down syndrome, and normal development. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 21 : 187 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigue , J. R. , Morgan , S. B. and Geffken , G. 1992 . Psychosocial adaptation of fathers of children with autism, Down syndrome, and normal development. . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 22 : 249 – 263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickler , L. 1981 . Chronic stresses of families of mentally retarded children. . Family Relations , 30 : 281 – 288 .
   Google Scholar