Use of Fresh Palm Fruit Extract as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Larval African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

References

• Appelbaum , S. 1980 . Versuche zur Geschmacksperzeption einigcr Susswasser Fissche im Larvalcn und Adulten Stadium . Archiv fur Fischereiwissenschaft , 31 : 105 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1990 . Official Methods of Analysis , 15th ed. , Arlington, Virginia : Official Association of Analytical Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. 1979 . “ Panel discussion on 'live food versus artificial feed in fish fry ” . In Cultivation of Fish Fry and its Live Food , European Mariculture Society Special Publication No. 4 Edited by: Stycznska-Jurewicz , E. , Backiel , T. , Jaspers , E. and Persoone , G. 515 – 527 . Belgium : Bredenc .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , C. E. and Lichtkoppler , F. 1979 . Water Quality in Pond Fish Culture , Research and Development Series No. 22 Auburn University, Alabama : International Centre for Aquaculture, Agricultural Experiment Station .
   Google Scholar
• Dabrowski , K. 1984 . The feeding of fish larvae: present “state of the art” and perspectives . Reproduction, Nutrition and Development , 24 : 807 – 833 .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , D. 1955 . Multiple range and multiple F test . Biometrics , 11 : 1 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fermin , A. C. and Recometa , R. D. 1988 . Larval rearing of bighead carp, Aristich-ihys nobiiis Richardson, using different types of feed and their combinations . Aquaculture and Fisheries Management , 19 : 283 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Henson , R. H. 1990 . Spirulina algae improves Japanese fish feeds . Aquaculture Magazine , 16 : 38 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Hughes , S. G. 1991 . Response of first-feeding spring chinook salmon to four potential chemical modifiers of feed intake . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 53 : 15 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamlcr , E. 1992 . Early Life History of Fish: An Energetics Approach , New York, New York : Chapman & Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Lcgendre , M. , Kerdchuen , N. , Corraze , G. and Bergot , M. 1995 . Larval rearing of an African Heterobranchus longifilis (Teleostei, Clariidae): Effect of dietary lipids on growth, survival rate and fatty acid composition of fry . Aquatic Living Resources , 8 : 355 – 363 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machiels , M. A.M. and Van Dam , A. A. 1987 . A dynamic simulation model for the growth of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). III. The effect of body composition on growth and feed intake . Aquaculiure , 60 : 55 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosch , R. and Segner , H. 1990 . Development of dry food for larvae of Coregonuslavaretus L. I. Growth, food digestion and fat absorption . Aquaculture , 91 : 101 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santha , C. R. and Gatlin , D. M. III . 1991 . Growth response and fatty acid composition of channel catfish fry fed practical diets supplemented with menhaden fish oil . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 53 : 135 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel , R. G.D. and Torrie , J. H. 1980 . Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach , 2nd ed. , New York, New York : McGraw-Hill Book Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Uys , W. and Hecht , T. 1985 . Evaluation and preparation of an optimal dry fed for the primary nursing of Clarias gariepinus larvae (Pisces, Clariidae) . Aquacul-ture , 47 : 173 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreth , J. and Kleyn , K. 1987 . The effect of biomanipuiation on the zooplankton on the growth, feeding and survival of pikeperch (Slizostedion lucioperca) in nursing ponds . Journal of Applied Ichthyology , 3 : 13 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreth , J. and von Tongeren , M. 1989 . Weaning time in Clarias gariepinus larvae . Aquaculture , 83 : 81 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verreth , J. , Storch , V. and Segnei , J. 1987 . A comparative study on the nutritional quality of decapsulated Anemia cysts, micro-encapsulated egg diets and enriched dry feed for Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) larvae . Aquaculture , 63 : 269 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viola , S. , Rappaport , U. , Arieli , Y. , Amidan , G. and Mokady , S. 1982 . The effects of oil-coated pellets on carp (Cyprinus carpio) in intensive culture . Aquaculture , 26 : 49 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherly , A. H. and Rogers , S. C. 1978 . “ Some aspects of age and growth ” . In Ecology of Freshwater Fish Production , Edited by: Gerking , S. D. 52 – 74 . Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publication .
   Google Scholar
• Webster , C. D. and Lovell , R. T. 1990 . Response of striped bass larvae fed brine shrimp from different sources containing different fatty acid compositions . Aquaculture , 90 : 49 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfarth , G. W. 1977 . Shoot carp . Bamidgeh , 292 : 35 – 40 .
   Google Scholar