Use of Quick Lime (CaO) as a Means to Reduce Cadmium Toxicity in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio

References

• Andersson , P. and Borg , H. 1988 . Effects of liming on the distribution of cadmium in water, sediment and organisms in Swedish lake . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 45 : 1154 – 1162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• APHA (American Public Health Association). 1992 . Standard Methods for the Ex-amination of Water and Wastewater , 18th ed. , Washington, DC : American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation .
   Google Scholar
• Bagenal , T. 1978 . Methods for Assessment of Fish Production in Freshwaters , 3rd ed. , Oxford, , England : Blackwell Scientific Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Chakraborti , P. and Mukherjee , D. 1995 . Effects of prolactin and fish pituitary extract on plasma calcium levels in common carp, Cyprinus carpio . General and Comparative Endocrinology , 97 : 320 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Churnoff , B. 1975 . A method for wet digestion of fish tissue for heavy metal analysis . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 104 : 803 – 804 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das , B. K. and Kaviraj , A. 1998 . Influence of potassium permanganate on chronic toxicity of cadmium to common carp, Cyprinus carpio, and aquatic ecosystem . International Journal of Environmental Studies , 55 : 233 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Dutta , T. K. and Kaviraj , A. 1996 . Effects of lime acclimation on the susceptibility of two freshwater teleosts and one oligochaet worm to metallic pollutant cadmium . Folia Biologica (Krakow) , 44 : 143 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy , F. B. 1975 . The effect of calcium on gill potentials and on sodium and chloride fluxes in the goldfish, Carassius auratus . Journal of Comparative Physiology , 96 : 131 – 142 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freda , J. , Sanchez , D. A. and Bergman , H. L. 1991 . Shortening of branchial tight junctions in acid exposed rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 48 : 2028 – 2033 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez , K. A. and Gomez , A. A. 1984 . Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research , 2nd ed. , New York, New York : Wiley Interscience Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Ghosal , T. K. , Kaviraj , A. and Das , B. K. 1997 . Preliminary observation of heavy metal speciation in some brackish water ponds of Kakdwip and Tona of Sunder-ban, India . Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta , 50 : 146 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Gundersen , D. T. and Curtis , L. R. 1995 . Acclimation to hard or soft water at weekly alkaline pH influences gill permeability and gill surface calcium binding in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 52 : 2583 – 2593 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath , A. G. 1995 . Water Pollution and Fish Physiology , 2nd ed. , Boca Raton, Florida : Lewis Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Kaviraj , A. 1983 . Chronic effects of cadmium on the behavior, survival, growth and reproduction of fish and aquatic ecosystem . Environment and Ecology , 1 : 159 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaviraj , A. and Das , B. K. 1994 . Cadmium induced changes in fish and other aquatic organisms . Journal of Natures Conservation , 6 : 105 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaviraj , A. and Ghosal , T. K. 1997 . Effects of poultry litter on the chronic toxicity of cadmium to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) . Bioresource Technology , 60 : 239 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson , A. , Bengtsson , B. E. and Haux , C. 1981 . Disturbed ion balance in flounder, Platicthys flesus L. exposed to sublethal levels of cadmium . Aquatic Toxicology , 1 : 19 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWilliams , P. G. and Potts , W. T. W. 1978 . The effects of pH and calcium concentration on gill potentials in the brown trout (Salmo trutta) . Comparative Physiology , 126 : 77 – 286 .
   Google Scholar
• Mitra , A. and Choudhury , A. 1993 . Trace metal in macrobenthic molluscs of the Hoogly Estuary, India . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 26 : 521 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muramoto , S. 1981 . Variation in some elements in cadmium -induced, malformed fish . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 27 : 193 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , D. B. , McKeown , B. A. and McDonald , J. S. 1985 . The effects of pH and or calcium-enriched freshwater on gill Ca++-ATPase activity and osmotic water inflow in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , 81A : 149 – 156 .
   Google Scholar
• Playle , R. C. , Dixon , D. G. and Burnison , K. 1993 . Copper and cadmium binding to fish gills : modification by dissolved organic carbon and synthetic ligands . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 5 : 2667 – 2677 .
   Google Scholar
• Raddum , G. , Brettum , P. , Matzow , D. , Nilssen , J. P. , Skov , A. , Svealv , T. and Right , R. F. 1986 . Liming in acid lake Hovvutn, Norway: a whole ecosystem study . Water Air and Soil Pollution , 31 : 721 – 763 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajeswari , K. , Sumathi , V. P. and Reddy , D. C. 1990 . Effect of cadmium on carbohydrate metabolism in fresh water teleost, Clarias batrachus (Lin) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, India , 60 : 5 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Randi , A. S. , Monserrat , J. M. , Rodriguez , E. M. and Romano , L. A. 1996 . Histo-pathological effects of cadmium on the gills of freshwater fish, Macropsobrycon uruguayanae, Eigenmann . Journal of Fish Disease , 19 : 311 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , S. D. and McDonald , D. G. 1991 . Metal binding activity of the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 48 : 1061 – 1068 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , S. D. , McDonald , D. G. and Rhem , R. R. 1991 . Acclimation to sublethal aluminum modifications of metal gill surface interactions of juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science , 48 : 1996 – 2005 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roch , M. and Maly , E. J. 1979 . Relationship of cadmium induced hypocalcemia with mortality in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the influence of temperature on toxicity . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 36 : 1297 – 1303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh , T. B. , Jadon , S. P. S. and Mishra , G. J. 1994 . Degradation of water and soil quality of Parwno area with respect to heavy metals . Indian Journal of Environmental Protection , 14 : 282 – 287 .
   Google Scholar
• Sangalang , G. B. and Freeman , H. C. 1974 . Effects of sublethal cadmium on maturation and testosterone and II-keto testosterone production in vivo in brook trout . Biology of Reproduction , 11 : 429 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson , E. M. B. , Costa , D. A. and Nealon , D. G. 1985 . Effects of cadmium and calcium on the fluidity of plasma membranes . Toxicology Letter , 25 : 319 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendelaar , Bonga S.E. and van der Meij , J. C. A. 1981 . Effects of ambient osmolar-ity and calcium on prolactin cell activity and osmotic water permeability of the gills in the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus . General and Comparative Endocrinology , 43 : 432 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wicklund , A. and Runn , P. 1988 . Calcium effects on cadmium uptake, redistribution and elimination in minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, acclimated to different calcium concentrations . Aquatic Toxicology , 13 : 109 – 122 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar