Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Fry Fed Hatchery Diets Supplemented with Krill Meal

References

• Adelung , D. , Buchholz , F. , Culik , B. and Keck , A. 1987 . Fluoride in tissues of krill Euphasia superba and Meganyctiphanes norvegica in relation to the molt cycle . Polar Biology , 7 : 43 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allahpichay , I. and Shimizu , C. 1984 . Extraction of growth promoting fraction from non-muscle krill meal Euphausia superba and its effect on fish growth . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 50 : 821 – 826 .
   Google Scholar
• Angelovic , J. W. , Sigler , W. F. and Neuhold , J. M. 1961 . Temperature and fluorosis in rainbow trout . Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation , 1961 : 371 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1981 . Feeding experiments with krill meal on trout . Informationen für die Fischwirtschaft , 28 ( 1 ) : 23 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) . 1990 . Official Methods of Analysis , Arlington, Virginia : AOAC .
   Google Scholar
• Arai , S. , Mori , T. , Miki , W. , Yamaguchi , K. , Konosu , S. , Satake , M. and Fujita , T. 1987 . Pigmentation of juvenile coho salmon with carotenoid oil extracted from Antarctic krill . Aquaculture , 66 ( 3–4 ) : 255 – 264 .
   Google Scholar
• Ayikama , T. , Murai , T. , Hirasawa , Y. and Nose , T. 1984 . Supplementation of various meals to fish meal diet for chum salmon fry . Aquaculture , 37 ( 3 ) : 217 – 222 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , H. , Koops , H. , Tiews , K. and Gropp , J. 1977 . Further possibilities to replace fish meal in rainbow trout feeds: Replacement of fish meal by alkane yeast and krillmeal . Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft , 28 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Bligh , E. G. and Dyer , W. J. 1959 . A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification . Canadian Biochemistry and Physiology , 37 : 911 – 917 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Busch , R. L. 1985 . “ Channel catfish culture in ponds ” . In Channel Catfish Culture , Edited by: Tucker , C. S. 13 – 84 . Amsterdam, , The Netherlands : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Bustos , R. , Romo , L. , Yanez , K. , Diaz , G. and Romo , C. 2003 . Oxidative stability of carotenoid pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids in microparticulate diets containing krill oil for nutrition of marine fish larvae . Journal of Food Engineering , 56 ( 2–3 ) : 289 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo , J. A. 2003 . Fluoride toxicity to aquatic organisms: A review . Chemosphere , 50 ( 3 ) : 251 – 264 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camargo , J. A. 1991 . Ecotoxicological analysis of the influence of an industrial effluent on fish populations in a regulated stream . Aquaculture and Fisheries Management , 22 : 509 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• Camargo , J. A. and Tarazona , J. V. 1991 . Short-term toxicity of fluoride ion (F∼) in soft water to rainbow trout and brown trout . Chemosphere , 22 : 605 – 611 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitra , T. and Rao , J. V.R. 1984 . Preliminary study on the unit oxygen consumption of Channa punctatus on exposure to NaF . International Society for Fluoride Research , 17 ( 2 ) : 105 – 107 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christians , O. and Leinemann , M. 1983 . Investigations on the migration of fluoride from the shell into the muscle flesh of Antarctic krill Euphasia superba in dependence of storage temperature and time . Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft , 34 : 87 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Damkaer , D. M. and Dey , D. B. 1989 . Evidence for fluoride effects on salmon passage at John Day Dam, Columbia River, 1982–1986 . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 9 : 154 – 162 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , D. A. and Arnold , C. R. 2004 . Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus production diets: Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal . Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 15 ( 3–4 ) : 173 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Emmerson , K. , Russo , R. C. , Russo , R. E. , Lund , R. E. and Thurston , R. V. 1975 . Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: Effect of pH and temperature . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 32 : 2379 – 2383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster , I. 1998 . Krill hydrolysates . International Aquafeeds , 4 : 21 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Fujita , T. , Satake , M. , Hikichi , S. , Takeda , M. , Shimeno , S. , Kuwabara , H. , Miki , W. , Yamaguchi , K. and Konosu , S. 1983a . Pigmentation of cultured yellowtail with krill oil . Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries , 49 ( 10 ) : 1595 – 1600 .
   Google Scholar
• Fujita , T. , Satake , M. , Watanabe , T. , Kitajima , C. , Miki , W. , Yamaguchi , K. and Konosu , S. 1983b . Pigmentation of cultured red sea bream with astaxanthin diester purified from krill oil . Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries , 49 ( 12 ) : 1955 – 1961 .
   Google Scholar
• Gawlicka , A. , Gagnon , D. , Dubeau , K. , de la Noue , J. , Hung , S. S.O. and Barrows , R. 1997 . Development and evaluation of water-stable microdiets for white sturgeon larvae . Bulletin of the Aquaculture Association of Canada , 97 ( 4 ) : 26 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Grave , H. 1981 . Fluoride content of salmonids fed on Antarctic frill . Aquaculture , 24 : 191 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulbrandsen , K. E. 1979 . “ Experiments with red feed Calanus finmarchicus and krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica as protein sources in feed tocoalfish Pollachius virens. ” . In Finfish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology , Edited by: Halver , J. E. and Tiews , K. Volume 2 , 157 – 166 . Berlin, , Germany : Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Haig-Brown , A. 1994 . Going for the krill . National Fisherman , 1994 : 18 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Heitmuller , P. T. , Hollister , T. A. and Parrish , P. R. 1981 . Acute toxicity of 54 industrial chemicals to sheepshead minnows Cyprinodon variegatus . Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , 27 : 596 – 604 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemens , J. and Warwick , R. J. 1972 . The effects of fluoride on estuarine organisms . Water Research , 6 : 1301 – 1308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemens , J. , Warwick , R. J. and Oliff , W. D. 1975 . Effect of extended exposure to low fluoride concentration on estuarine fish and crustacea . Progress in Water Technology , 7 : 579 – 585 .
   Google Scholar
• Higgs , D. A. , Markert , J. R. , Plotnikoff , M. D. , McBride , J. R. and Dosanjh , B. S. 1985 . Development of nutritional and environmental strategies for maximizing the growth and survival of juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha . Aquaculture , 47 : 113 – 130 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim , A. , Shimizu , C. and Kono , M. 1984 . Pigmentation of cultured red sea bream Chrysophrys major using astaxanthin from Antarctic krill Euphasia superba and a mysid Neomysis sp . Aquaculture , 38 ( 1 ) : 45 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izquierdo , M. S. , Fernandez-Palacios , H. and Tacon , A. G.J. 2001 . Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish . Aquaculture , 197 ( 1–4 ) : 25 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Julshamn , K. , Malde , M. K. , Bjorvatn , K. and Krogedal , P. 2004 . Fluoride retention of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed krill meal . Aquaculture Nutrition , 10 ( 1 ) : 9 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolakowska , A. 1989 . Krill lipids after frozen storage of about one year in relation to storage time before freezing . Die Nahrung , 33 : 241 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolkovski , S. , Czesney , S. and Dabrowski , K. 2000 . Use of krill hydrolysate as a feed attractant for fish larvae and juveniles . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 31 ( 1 ) : 81 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koops , H. , Tiews , K. , Gropp , J. and Beck , H. 1979 . “ Krill in trout diets ” . In Finfish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology , Edited by: Halver , J. E. and Tiews , K. Volume 2 , 281 – 292 . Berlin, , Germany : Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Kotik , L. V. , Tolokonnikov , G. Y. and Dubrovin , V. N. 1979 . The effect of krill meal additions to feeds on muscle pigmentation in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri . Journal of Ichthyology , 19 ( 5 ) : 119 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Kroll , K. J. , Van Eenennaam , J. P. , Doroshov , S. I. , Linares , J. , Hamilton , E. J. and Russell , T. R. 1994 . Growth and survival of paddledish fry raised in the laboratory on natural and artificial diets . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 56 ( 3 ) : 169 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubitza , F. and Lovshin , L. L. 1997a . Effects of initial weight and genetic strain on feed training largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides using ground fish flesh and freeze dried krill as starter diets . Aquaculture , 148 ( 2–3 ) : 179 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Kubitza , F. and Lovshin , L. L. 1997b . The use of freeze-dried krill to feed train largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides: Feeds and training strategies . Aquaculture , 148 ( 4 ) : 299 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay , G. J.H. , Walton , M. J. , Adron , J. W. , Fletcher , T. C. , Cho , C. Y. and Cowey , C. B. 1984 . The growth of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri given diets containing chitin and its relationship to chitinolytic enzymes and chitin digestibility . Aquaculture , 37 : 315 – 334 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Alvarado , A. 1997 . “ Effect of protein sources on feeding behavior, feed uptake, and growth of marine fish larvae ” . In First (COST 827) Workshop on Voluntary Food Intake in Fish , Edited by: Houlihan , D. , Kiessling , A. and Boujard , T. 56 Paris, , France : Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique .
   Google Scholar
• Lukowicz , M. 1979 . “ Experiences with krill Euphausia superba in the diet for young carp Cyprinus carpio. ” . In Finfish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology , Edited by: Halver , J. E. and Tiews , K. Volume 2 , 293 – 302 . Berlin, , Germany : Heenemann Verlagsgesellschaft .
   Google Scholar
• Manthey , M. 1980 . Fluoride levels in Antarctic fish . Informationen für die Fischwirtschaft , 27 ( 6 ) : 261 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Moon , T. S. , Choi , H. S. and Park , S. R. 1998 . Effects of feeding frequency and different practical diets on growth and body composition of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes . Bulletin of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (Korea) , 54 : 57 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Moura , M. A.M. , Kubitza , F. and Cyrino , J. E.P. 2000 . Feed training of peacock bass (Cichla sp.) . Revista Brasileira de Biologia , 60 ( 4 ) : 645 – 654 .
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council . 1993 . Nutrient Requirements of Fish , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Neuhold , J. M. and Sigler , W. F. 1960 . Effects of sodium fluoride on carp and rainbow trout . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 89 : 358 – 370 .
   Google Scholar
• Neuhold , J. M. and Sigler , W. F. 1962 . Chlorides affect the toxicity of fluoride in rainbow trout . Science , 135 : 732 – 733 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicol , S. , Forster , I. and Spence , J. 2000 . “ Products derived from krill ” . In Krill Biology, Ecology, and Fisheries , Edited by: Everson , I. 262 – 283 . London, , United Kingdom : Blackwell Science Ltd. .
   Google Scholar
• Oikawa , C. K. and March , B. E. 1997 . A method for assessment of the efficacy of feed attractants for fish . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 59 : 213 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , N. and Wilke , H. 1972 . Proliferation of fish epidermis after exposure to inhibitors of glycolytic energy metabolism . Experientia , 28 ( 3 ) : 315 – 317 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pillai , K. S. and Mane , U. H. 1985 . Effect of fluoride effluent on fry of Catla catla . Fluoride , 18 : 104 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Pimental , R. and Bulkley , R. V. 1983 . Influence of water hardness on fluoride toxicity to rainbow trout . Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , 2 : 381 – 386 .
   Google Scholar
• Rehbein , H. 1981 . Amino acid composition and pepsin digestibility of krill meal . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 29 ( 3 ) : 682 – 684 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinacher , E. 1979 . Further investigations on the question of the influence of feed composition on eating quality of deep-frozen rainbow trout using krill meal and other protein sources in diets free of fish meal . Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft , 29 ( 3 ) : 129 – 132 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , E. H. 1989 . Channel catfish nutrition . Reviews in Aquatic Sciences , 1 : 365 – 391 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , E. H. and Wilson , R. P. 1985 . “ Nutrition and feeding ” . In Channel Catfish Culture , Edited by: Tucker , C. S. 323 – 404 . Amsterdam, The Netherlands : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , E. H. , Steeby , J. A. and Brent , J. R. 1989 . Evaluation of three feeds for hatchery rearing channel catfish fry . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 20 ( 4 ) : 256 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Roschke , N. and Schreiber , W. 1976 . Analysis of krill, krill products and Antarctic fish species . Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft , 28 ( 2–3 ) : 135 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowsell , N. J. , Brown , J. A. , Parrish , C. C. and Urup , B. 2004 . Incorporation of krill protein hydrolysate into the diet of first-feeding Atlantic cod larvae Gadus morhua and its effects on growth and survival . Aquaculture Association of Canada Special Publication , 8 : 80 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Rozin , P. N. and Mayer , J. 1961 . Thermal reinforcement and thermoregulatory behavior in the goldfish, Carassius auratus . Science , 134 : 192
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saito , H. , Kotani , Y. , Keriko , J. M. , Xue , C. , Taki , K. , Ishihara , K. , Ueda , T. and Miyata , S. 2002 . High levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Euphasia pacifica and its role as a source of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids for higher trophic levels . Marine Chemistry , 78 ( 1 ) : 9 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sands , M. , Nicol , S. and McMinn , A. 1998 . Fluoride in Antarctic marine crustaceans . Marine Biology , 132 : 591 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savage , G. P. and Foulds , M. J. 1987 . Chemical composition and nutritive valueof Antarctic krill Euphasia superba and southern blue whiting Micromesistus australis . New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research , 21 ( 4 ) : 599 – 604 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , T. M. , Rasco , B. A. and Hardy , R. W. 1994 . Stability of krill meal, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin color in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fillets during frozen storage and cooking . Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology , 3 ( 4 ) : 53 – 64 .
   Google Scholar
• Shimizu , C. , Ibrahim , A. , Tokoro , T. and Shirakawa , Y. 1990 . Feeding stimulation in sea bream Pagrus major fed diets supplemented with Antarctic krill meals . Aquaculture , 89 ( 1 ) : 43 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigler , W. F. and Neuhold , J. M. 1972 . Fluoride intoxication in fish: A review . Journal of Wildlife Diseases , 8 : 252 – 254 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith , L. R. , Holsen , T. M. , Ibay , N. C. , Block , R. M. and Leon , A. B. 1985 . Studies on the acute toxicity of fluoride ion to stickleback, fathead minnow, and rainbow trout . Chemosphere , 14 : 1383 – 1389 .
   Google Scholar
• Soevik , T. and Braekkan , O. R. 1979 . Fluoride in Antarctic krill Euphausia superba and Atlantic krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 36 : 1414 – 1416 .
   Google Scholar
• Steel , R. G.D. and Torrie , J. H. 1980 . Principles and Procedures of Statistics, a Biometrical Approach , 2nd edition , New York, New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Steffens , W. and Albrecht , M. L. 1982 . Krill meal as a protein source in fish feed, 4: Krill meal as a single protein source in diets of carps . Zeitschrift für die Binnenfischerei der DDR , 29 ( 3 ) : 79 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Storebakken , T. 1988 . Krill as a potential feed source for salmonids . Aquaculture , 70 ( 3 ) : 193 – 205 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi , T. 1997 . Essential fatty acid requirements of aquatic animals with emphasis on fish larvae and fingerlings . Reviews in Fisheries Science , 5 : 1 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka , H. , Kagawa , H. , Ohta , H. , Unuma , T. and Nomura , K. 2003 . The first production of glass eel in captivity: Fish reproductive physiology facilitates great progress in aquaculture . Fish Physiology and Biochemistry , 28 ( 1–4 ) : 493 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiews , K. , Manthey , M. and Koops , H. 1981 . Fluoride uptake by trout from krill meal feed pellets . Informationen für die Fischwirtschaft , 28 ( 4 ) : 135 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Tiews , K. , Manthey , M. and Koops , H. 1982 . The carry-over of fluoride from krill meal pellets into rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri . Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft , 32 ( 1/3 ) : 39 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Tucker , C. S. and Robinson , E. H. 1990 . Channel Catfish Farming Handbook , New York, New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , T. , Lee , M.-J. , Mizutani , J. , Yamada , T. , Satoh , S. , Takeuchi , T. , Yoshida , N. , Kitada , T. and Arakawa , T. 1991a . Effective components in cuttlefish meal and raw krill for improvement of quality of red seabream Pagrus major eggs . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 57 ( 4 ) : 681 – 694 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe , T. , Fujimura , T. , Lee , M.-J. , Fukusho , K. , Satoh , S. and Takeuchi , T. 1991b . Effect of polar and nonpolar lipids from krill on quality of eggs of red seabream Pagrus major . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 57 ( 4 ) : 695 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weirich , C. R. and Reigh , R. C. 2001 . “ Dietary lipids and stress tolerance of larval fish ” . In Nutrition and Fish Health , Edited by: Lim , C. and Webster , C. 301 – 312 . New York, New York : Food Products Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weirich , C. R. , Reigh , R. C. and Glenn , D. W. III . 2000 . Evaluation of decapsulated Artemia cysts in hatchery diets for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fry and effects on subsequent fingerling production . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 31 ( 4 ) : 609 – 617 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright , D. A. 1977 . Toxicity of fluoride to brown trout fry Salmo trutta . Environmental Pollution , 8 : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar