Dietary Protein Requirement of Southern Flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma

References

• Al Hafedh , Y. S. 1999 . Effects of dietary protein on growth and body composition of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L . Aquaculture Research , 30 : 385 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-González , C. A. , Civera-Cercedo , R. , Ortiz-Galindo , J. L. , Dumas , S. , Moreno-Legorreta , M. and Grayeb-Del Alamo , T. 2001 . Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of juvenile spotted sand bass, Paralabrax maculatofasciatus, fed practical diets . Aquaculture , 194 : 151 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) . 1984 . Official Methods of Analysis , 12th Edition , Washington, DC : Association of Official Analytical Chemists .
   Google Scholar
• Bai , S. C. , Cha-Young , T. and Wang , X. 2001 . A preliminary study on the dietary protein requirement of larval Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. North American Journal of Aquaculture , 63 ( 2 ) : 92 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Bassompierre , M. , Kjaer , A. and McLean , E. 1997 . Simulating protein digestion on trout: A rapid and inexpensive method for documenting fish meal quality and screening alternative protein sources for use in aquafeeds . Ribarstvo , 55 : 137 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Benetti , D. D. , Grabe , S. W. , Feeley , M. W. , Stevens , O. M. , Powell , T. M. , Leingang , A. J. and Main , K. L. 2001b . Development of aquaculture methods for southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma: I. Spawning and larval culture . Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 11 ( 1/2 ) : 113 – 133 .
   Google Scholar
• Benetti , D. D. , Leingang , A. J. , Russo , R. , Powell , T. M. , Cleary , D. , Grabe , S. W. , Feeley , M. W. , Stevens , O. M. and Main , K. L. 2001a . Development of aquaculture methods for southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma: II. Nursery and grow-out . Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 11 ( 1/2 ) : 135 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Cho , C. Y. and Kaushik , S. J. 1990 . Nutritional energetics in fish: Energy and protein utilization in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) . World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics , 61 : 132 – 172 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daniels , H. V. , Berlinsky , D. L. , Hodson , R. G. and Sullivan , C. V. 1996 . Effects of stocking density, salinity, and light intensity on growth and survival of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma larvae . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 27 : 153 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels , H. V. and Gallagher , M. L. 2000 . Effect of dietary protein level on growth and blood parameters in summer flounder . Paralichthys dentatus. Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 10 ( 1 ) : 45 – 52 .
   Google Scholar
• Folch , J. , Lees , M. and Stanley , G. H.S. 1957 . A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues . Journal of Biology and Chemistry , 226 : 496 – 509 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaylord , T. G. , Schwarz , M. H. , Davitt , G. M. , Cool , R. W. , Jahncke , M. L. and Craig , S. R. 2003 . Dietary lipid utilization by juvenile summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 34 ( 2 ) : 229 – 235 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillaume , J. , Coustans , M. F. , Métailler , R. , Person-Le Ruyet , J. and Robin , J. 1991 . “ Flatfish, turbot, sole and plaice ” . In Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish , Edited by: Wilson , R. P. 77 – 82 . London, , England : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hebb , C. D. , Castell , J. D. , Anderson , D. M. and Batt , J. 2003 . Growth and feed conversion of juvenile winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) in relation to different protein-to-lipid levels in isocaloric diets . Aquaculture , 221 : 439 – 449 .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , W. E. and Smith , T. I.J. 1999 . Pond nursery production of southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma) and weaning to commercial diets . Aquaculture , 176 : 173 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi , K. , Honda , H. and Kiyono , M. 1992 . Effect of dietary protein level on growth and body composition of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Suisanzoshoku , 40 : 335 – 340 .
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi , K. , Sugita , H. and Watanabe , T. 2000 . Effect of dietary protein level and lipid levels on growth and body composition of Japanese flounder . Suisanzoshoku , 48 : 537 – 543 .
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi , K. and Takeda , S. 2001 . Present status of research and production of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, in Japan . Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 11 ( 1/2 ) : 165 – 175 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , J. D. , Lall , S. P. and Milley , J. E. 2001a . Dietary protein requirements of juvenile haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) . Aquaculture Research , 32 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , K. W. , Wang , X. J. and Bai , S. C. 2001b . Reevaluation of the optimum dietary protein level for the maximum growth of juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) . Aquaculture Research , 32 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 119 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , K. W. , Wang , X. J. and Bai , S. C. 2002 . Optimum dietary protein level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Shelegel) . Aquaculture Research , 33 : 673 – 679 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , K. W. , Wang , X. J. and Bai , S. C. 2003 . Reevaluation of the dietary protein requirement of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 34 : 133 – 139 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S.-M. , Cho , S. H. and Kim , K.-D. 2000 . Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 31 ( 3 ) : 306 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , S.-M. , Park , C. S. and Bang , I. C. 2002 . Dietary protein requirement of young Japanase flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed isocaloric diets . Fisheries Science , 68 : 158 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.-M. , Kim , K.-D. and Lall , S. P. 2003 . Utilization of glucose, maltose, dextrin and celluloseby juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) . Aquaculture , 221 : 427 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckenbach , J. A. , Godwin , J. , Daniels , H. V. and Borski , R. J. 2002 . Optimization of North American flounder culture: A controlled breeding scheme . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 33 : 40 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Luckenbach , J. A. , Godwin , J. , Daniels , H. V. and Borski , R. J. 2003 . Gonadal differentiation and effects of temperature on sex determination in southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma . Aquaculture , 216 : 315 – 327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon , H. Y. and Gatlin , D. M. 1991 . Total sulfur amino acid requirement of juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus . Aquaculture , 95 : 97 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NMFS . 1999 . Fisheries of the United States , Current Fisheries Statistics No. 9800 Washington, DC : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Fisheries Stastistics and Economic Division .
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen , R. S. , Ostenfeld , T. H. , R⊘nsholdt , B. and McLean , E. 2000 . Manipulation of end-product quality of rainbow trout with finishing diets . Aquaculture Nutrition , 6 : 17 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Robins , K. R. 1986 . A method, SAS program, and example for fitting the broken-line o growth data , Knoxville, Tennessee : University of Tennessee Agric. Experiment Station . Research report 86–09
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz , M. , Craig , S. R. , Cool , R. , Mowry , D. , Smith , S. A. , Hughes , K. P. , McLean , E. and Jahncke , M. Status of flatfish research and production in the USA . Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Recirculating Aquaculture . Roanoke. pp. 106 – 112 . Blacksburg, Virginia : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , T. I.J. and Denson , M. R. 1999 . Controlled spawning of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma: Issues and progress . US-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources Technical Rep , 28 : 97 – 108 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , T. I.J. , Denson , M. R. , Heyward , L. D. , Jenkins , W. E. and Carter , L. M. 1999b . Salinity effects on early life history stages of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 30 : 236 – 244 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , T. I.J. , McVey , D. C. , Jenkins , W. E. , Denson , M. R. , Heyward , L. D. , Sullivan , C. V. and Berlinsky , D. L. 1999a . Broodstock management and spawning of southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma . Aquaculture , 176 : 87 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , W. E. , Tomasso , J. R. Jr. , Kempton , C. J. and Smith , T. I.J. 2000 . Low-temperature tolerance of southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma: Effect of salinity . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 31 : 69 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe , W. O. and Carrol , P. 2001 . Progress in controlled breeding of summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and southern flounder, P. lethostigma . Journal of Applied Aquaculture , 11 ( 1/2 ) : 89 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , S.-D. , Lin , T.-S. , Liou , C.-H. and Peng , H.-K. 2003 . Influence of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass composition and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima) . Aquaculture Research , 34 : 661 – 666 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeitoun , I. H. , Ullrey , D. E. , Magee , W. T. , Gill , J. L. and Bergen , W. G. 1976 . Quantifying nutrient requirements of fish . Journal of Fisheries Research Board Canada , 33 ( 1 ) : 167 – 172 .
   Google Scholar