References
- Ahronheim , J. L. , Morrison , R. S. Baskin , S. A. 1996 . Treatment of the dying in the acute care hospital: Advanced dementia and metastatic cancer . Archives of Internal Medicine , 156 ( 18 ) : 2094 – 2100 .
- American Geriatrics Society . 2000 . Care management position statement . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 48 ( 10 ) : 1338 – 1339 .
- Callahan , C. M. , Buchanan , N. N. and Stump , T. E. 2001 . Healthcare costs associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy among older adults in a defined community . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 49 ( 11 ) : 1525 – 1529 .
- Cassel , C. K. , Besdine , R. W. and Siegel , L. C. 1999 . Restructuring Medicare for the next century: What will beneficiaries really need? . Health Affairs , 18 ( 1 ) : 118 – 131 .
- Cher , D. J. and Lenert , L. A. 1997 . Method of Medicare reimbursement and the rate of potentially ineffective care of critically ill patients . Journal of the American Medical Association , 278 ( 12 ) : 1001 – 1007 .
- Christakis , N. A. and Escarce , J. J. 1996 . Survival of Medicare patients after enrollment in hospice programs . New England Journal of Medicine , 335 ( 3 ) : 172 – 178 .
- Creditor , M. C. 1993 . Hazards of Hospitalization of the Elderly . Annals of Internal Medicine , 118 ( 3 ) : 219 – 223 .
- Finucane , T. E. , Christmas , C. and Travis , K. 1999 . Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia . Journal of the American Medical Association , 282 ( 14 ) : 1365 – 1370 .
- Fried , T. R. , van Doorn , C. O'Leary , J. R. 2000 . Older persons' preferences for home vs. hospital care in the treatment of acute illness . Archives of Internal Medicine , 160 ( 10 ) : 1501 – 1506 .
- Fried , T. R. , Bradley , E. H. , Towle , V. R. and Allore , H. 2002 . Understanding the treatment preferences of seriously ill patients . New England Journal of Medicine , 346 ( 14 ) : 1061 – 1066 .
- Fries , B. E. , Schneider , D. P. Foley , W. J. 1994 . Refining a case-mix index measure for nursing homes: Resource utilization groups (RUG III) . Medical Care , 32 ( 7 ) : 668 – 685 .
- Gillick , M. R. 1987 . The impact of health maintenance organizations on geriatric care . Annals of Internal Medicine , 106 ( 1 ) : 139 – 143 .
- Gillick , M. R. 2002 . Do we need to create geriatric hospitals? . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 50 ( 1 ) : 174 – 177 .
- Gorelick , P. B. , Sacco , R. L. Smith , D. B. 1999 . Prevention of a first stroke. A review of guidelines and a multidisciplinary consensus statement from the National Stroke Association . Journal of the American Medical Association , 281 ( 12 ) : 1112 – 1120 .
- HCFA . 2002 . www.hcfa.gov/quality. Accessed May 13, 2002.
- Hogan , C. , Lynn , J. Gabel , J. 2000 . Medicare Beneficiaries' Costs and Use of Care in the Last Year of Life , Washington, DC. : Medicare Payment Advisory Commission Contract Research Studies .
- Lachs , M. S. and Ruchlin , H. S. 1997 . Is managed care good or bad for geriatric medicine? . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 45 ( 9 ) : 1123 – 1127 .
- Leveille , S. G. , Wagner , E. H. Davis , C. 1998 . Preventing disability and managing chronic illness in frail older adults: A randomized trial of a community-based partnership with primary care . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 46 ( 10 ) : 1191 – 1198 .
- Levinsky , N. G. 1990 . Age as a criterion for rationing health care . New England Journal of Medicine , 322 ( 25 ) : 1813 – 1816 .
- Lynn , J. , O'Connor , M. A. Dulac , J. D. 1999 . MediCaring: Development and Test Marketing of a Supportive Care Benefit for Older People . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 47 ( 9 ) : 1058 – 1064 .
- Lynn , J. and Forlini , J. H. 2001 . Serious and complex illness in quality improvement and policy reform for end-of-life care . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 16 ( 5 ) : 315 – 319 .
- Mattimore , T. J. , Wenger , N. S. Desbiens , N. A. 1997 . Surrogate and physician understanding of patients' preferences for living permanently in a nursing home . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 45 ( 7 ) : 818 – 824 .
- Miller , R. H. and Luft , H. S. 2002 . HMO Plan Performance Update: An Analysis of the Literature, 1997–2001 . Health Affairs , 21 ( 4 ) : 63 – 86 .
- Mitchell , S. L. , Keily , D. and Gillick , M. 2003 . Nursing home characteristics associated with tube feeding in advanced cognitive impairment . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51 : 75 – 79 .
- Mitchell , S. L. 2003 . Financial incentives to place feeding tubes in nursing home residents with advanced dementia . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51 : 129 – 131 .
- Moon , M. 2001 . Medicare health policy . New England Journal of Medicine , 344 ( 12 ) : 928 – 931 .
- Naughton , B. J. , Mylotte , J. M. and Tayara , A. 2000 . Outcomes of Nursing Home Acquired Pneumonia: Derivation and Application of a Practical Model to Predict 30-day Mortality . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 48 ( 10 ) : 1292 – 1299 .
- Pear , R. 2002 . Doctors shunning patients with Medicare . New York Times , March 17
- Pritchard , R. S. , Fisher , E. S. Teno , J. M. 1998 . Influence of Patient Preferences and Local Health System Characteristics on the Place of Death . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 46 ( 10 ) : 1242 – 1250 .
- Rosenbaum , D. 2003 . Bush signs law to cover drugs for the elderly . New York Times , December 9, A1. Seniorlaw.com. Medicare Information. www.seniorlaw.com/medicare.htm. Accessed March 27, 2003.
- Stewart , S. , Pearson , S. and Horowitz , J. D. 1998 . Effects of a Home-based Intervention Among Patients with Congestive Heart Failure Discharged from Acute Hospital Care . Archives of Internal Medicine , 158 ( 10 ) : 1067 – 1072 .
- Tillman , D. J. , Charland , S. L. and Witt , D. M. 2000 . Effectiveness and economic impact associated with a program for outpatient management of acute deep vein thrombosis in a group model health maintenance organization . Archives of Internal Medicine , 160 ( 19 ) : 2926 – 2932 .
- Vladeck , B. C. 2001 . Learn nothing, forget nothing-the Medicare commission redux . New England Journal of Medicine , 345 ( 6 ) : 456 – 458 .
- von Korff , M. , Gruman , J. Schaefer , J. 1997 . Collaborative management of chronic illness . Annals of Internal Medicine , 127 ( 12 ) : 1097 – 1102 .
- White House Press Release . 2003 . President signs Medicare legislation www.white house.gov/news/2003/12/20031208.html. December 8.
- Whitelaw , N. A. and Warden , G. L. 1999 . Reexamining the delivery system as part of Medicare reform . Health Affairs , 18 ( 1 ) : 132 – 143 .
- Wilensky , G. R. 2001 . Medicare Reform-Now is the Time . New England Journal of Medicine , 345 ( 6 ) : 458 – 62 .
- Williamson , J. D. 2000 . Improving care management and health outcomes for frail older people: Implications of the PACE model. Program for all-inclusive care of the elderly . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 48 ( 11 ) : 1529 – 1530 .