Transmission of Claviceps africana Spores from Diseased to Non-Infected Sorghum by Corn Earworm Moths, Helicoverpa zea

REFERENCES

• Bandyopadhyay , R. , Frederickson , D. E. , McLaren , N. , Odvody , G. N. and Ryley , M. J. 1998 . Ergot: a new disease threat to sorghum in the Americas and Australia. . Plant Dis. , 82 : 356 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beerwinkle , K. R. , Shaver , T. N. and Lopez , J. D. Jr. 1993 . Field observation of adult emergence and feeding behavior of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on dallisgrass ergot honeydew. . Environ. Entomol. , 22 : 554 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederiksen , R. A. and Odvody , G. N. , eds. 2000 . Compendium of Sorghum Diseases, , Second Edition 78 St. Paul , MN : APS Press .
   Google Scholar
• Futrell , M. C. and Webster , O. J. 1965 . Ergot infection and sterility in grain sorghum. . Plant Dis. Rep. , 49 : 680 – 683 .
   Google Scholar
• Hardy , T. N. 1988 . Gathering of fungal honeydew by Polistes spp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and potential transmission of the causal ergot fungus . Florida Entomol. , 71 : 374 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartstack , A. W. , Lopez , J. D. Jr. , Muller , P. D. , Sterling , W. L. , King , E. G. , Witz , J. A. and Eversull , A. C. 1982 . Evidence of long-range migration of Heliothis zea (Boddie) into Texas and Arkansas. . Southwest. Entomol. , 7 : 188 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan , H. A. G. , Mantle , P. G. and McLaren , N. W. 1998 . “ Putative control of ergot disease epidemics in hybrid sorghum production through the inhibition of secondary sporulation by ” . In Claviceps africana. Edited by: Casela , C. R. and Dahlberg , J. A. 141 – 146 . Sete Lagaos , , Brazil : EMBRAPA/INTSORMIL/ICRISAT . Pages in: Proc. Global Conf. Ergot Sorghum,1–8 June 1997
   Google Scholar
• Isakeit , T. , Odvody , G. N. and Shelby , R. A. 1998 . First report of sorghum ergot caused by Claviceps africana in the United States. . Plant Dis. , 82 : 592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemon , K. M. 1992 . Dispersal of ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea by the Lauxaniid fly Minettia lupulina. . J. New York Entomol. Soc. , 100 : 182 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Lingren , P. D. , Westbrook , J. W. , Bryant , V. M. Jr. , Raulston , J. R. , Esquivel , J. F. and Jones , G. D. 1994 . Origin of corn earworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) migrants as determined by Citrus pollen markers and synopticweather systems. . Environ. Entomol. , 23 : 562 – 570 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez , J. D. Jr. , Hartstack , A. W. Jr. , Witz , J. A. and Hollingsworth , J. P. 1978 . Heliothis zea: Oviposition on corn and sorghum in relation to host phenology. . Southwest. Entomol. , 3 : 158 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Moreno , J. , Pederson , V. D. and Schulz , J. T. 1971 . Transmission of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) conidia by the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) . Proc. North Dakota Acad. Sci. , 24 : 11 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Mower , R. L. and Hancock , J. G. 1975 . Sugar composition of ergot honeydews. . Can. J. Bot. , 53 : 2813 – 2825 .
   Google Scholar
• Pendleton , B. B. , Teetes , G. L. and Parker , R. D. 2000 . Quantifying Texas sorghum growers' use of IPM for insect pests. . Southwest. Entomol. , 25 : 39 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangitrao , C. S. , Indira , S. and Bandyopadhyay , R. 1998 . “ Proc. Global Conf. Ergot Sorghum ” . In Sorghum ergot in India Edited by: Casela , C. R. and Dahlberg , J. A. 41 – 54 . Sete Lagaos , , Brazil : EMBRAPA/INTSORMIL/ICRISAT . Pages in: 1–8 June 1997
   Google Scholar
• Westbrook , J. K. , Wolf , W. W. , Lingren , P. D. , Raulston , J. R. , Lopez , J. D. Jr. , Matis. , J. H. , Eyster , R. S. , Esquivel , J. F. and Schleider , P. G. 1997 . Early-season migratory flights of corn earworm (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). . Environ. Entomol. , 26 : 12 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar