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Original Articles

Cocaethylene Toxicity

Pages 75-84 | Published online: 17 Oct 2008

References

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  • Ibid
  • McCance , E. , Price , L. , Kosten , T. and Jatlow , P. 1995 . Cocaethylene: pharmacology, physiology and behavioral effects in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 274 : 215 – 223 .
  • Jatlow , P. 1993 . Cocaethylene: pharmacologic activity and clinical significance . Ther Drug Monit. , 15 : 533 – 536 .
  • Schechter , M. 1994 . Cocaethylene produces discriminative stimulus properties in the rat: effect of cocaine and ethanol coadministration . Pharmacol Biochem Be-hav. , 51 : 285 – 289 .
  • Pirwitz , M. , Willard , J. , Landau , C. , Lange , R. , Glamann , B. , Kessler , D. , Foerster , E. , Todd , E. and Hillis , D. 1995 . Influence of cocaine, ethanol, or their combinations on epi-cardial coronary arterial dimensions in humans . Arch Intern Med. , 155 : 1186 – 1191 .
  • McCance-Katz , E. , Price , L. , McDougle , C. , Kosten , T. , Black , J. and Jatlow , P. 1993 . Concurrent cocaine-ethanol ingestion in humans: pharmacology, physiology, behavior, and the role of cocaethylene . Psychopharmacology. , 111 : 39 – 46 .
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  • Jatlow , P. 1993 . Cocaethylene: pharmacologic activity and clinical significance . Ther Drug Monit. , 15 : 533 – 536 .
  • Lin , Y. and Leskawa , K. 1994 . Cytotoxicity of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgo-nine . Brain Res. , 643 : 108 – 114 .
  • Xu , Y Q. , Crumb , W. and Clarkson , C. 1994 . Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 271 : 319 – 325 .
  • Jatlow , P. 1993 . Cocaethylene: pharmacologic activity and clinical significance . Ther Drug Monit. , 15 : 533 – 536 .
  • Schechter , M. 1994 . Cocaethylene produces discriminative stimulus properties in the rat: effect of cocaine and ethanol coadministration . Pharmacol Biochem Be-hav. , 51 : 285 – 289 .
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  • Higgins , S. , Rush , C. , Bickel , W. , Hughes , J. , Lynn , M. and Capeless , M. 1993 . Acute behavioral and cardiac effects of cocaine and alcohol combinations in humans . Psy-chopharmacology. , 111 : 285 – 294 .
  • Farre , M. , de la Torre , R. , Lorente , M. , Lamas , X. , Ugenda , B. , Segura , J. and Cami , J. 1993 . Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 266 : 1364 – 1373 .
  • Pirwitz , M. , Willard , J. , Landau , C. , Lange , R. , Glamann , B. , Kessler , D. , Foerster , E. , Todd , E. and Hillis , D. 1995 . Influence of cocaine, ethanol, or their combinations on epi-cardial coronary arterial dimensions in humans . Arch Intern Med. , 155 : 1186 – 1191 .
  • McCance , E. , Price , L. , Kosten , T. and Jatlow , P. 1995 . Cocaethylene: pharmacology, physiology and behavioral effects in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 274 : 215 – 223 .
  • Henning , R. , Wilson , L. , Glauser , J. , Lavins , E. , Sebrosky , G. and Sutheimer , C. 1994 . Cocaine plus ethanol is more cardiotoxic than cocaine or ethanol alone . Crit Care Med. , 22 : 1896 – 1906 .
  • Xu , Y Q. , Crumb , W. and Clarkson , C. 1994 . Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 271 : 319 – 325 .
  • Welder , A. , Dickson , L. and Melchert , R. 1993 . Cocaethylene toxicity in rat primary myocardial cell cultures . Alcohol. , 10 : 285 – 290 .
  • Meehan , S. and Schechter , M. 1995 . Cocaethylene-induced lethality in mice is potentiated by alcohol . Alcohol. , 12 : 383 – 385 .
  • Landry , M. 1992 . An overview of cocaethylene, an alcohol-derived, psychoac-tive, cocaine metabolite . J Psychoactive Drugs. , 24 : 273 – 276 .
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  • Ethanol enhances immunosuppres-sion induced by cocaine. Alcohol Alcohol
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  • Meehan , S. and Schechter , M. 1995 . Cocaethylene-induced lethality in mice is potentiated by alcohol . Alcohol. , 12 : 383 – 385 .
  • Lin , Y. and Leskawa , K. 1994 . Cytotoxicity of the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgo-nine . Brain Res. , 643 : 108 – 114 .
  • Nulman , I. , Rovet , J. , Altmann , D. , Bradley , C. , Einarson , T. and Koren , G. 1994 . Neurode-velopment of adopted children exposed in utero to cocaine . Can Med Assoc J. , 151 : 1591 – 1597 .
  • Albuquerque , M. , Kurth , C. D. , Monitto , C. , Shaw , L. and Anday , E. 1995 . Ethanol, morphine and barbiturate alter the hemodynamic and cerebral response to cocaine in newborn pigs . Biol Neonate. , 67 : 432 – 440 .
  • Xu , Y Q. , Crumb , W. and Clarkson , C. 1994 . Cocaethylene, a metabolite of cocaine and ethanol, is a potent blocker of cardiac sodium channels . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 271 : 319 – 325 .
  • Jatlow , P. 1993 . Cocaethylene: pharmacologic activity and clinical significance . Ther Drug Monit. , 15 : 533 – 536 .
  • Farre , M. , de la Torre , R. , Lorente , M. , Lamas , X. , Ugenda , B. , Segura , J. and Cami , J. 1993 . Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 266 : 1364 – 1373 .
  • McCance , E. , Price , L. , Kosten , T. and Jatlow , P. 1995 . Cocaethylene: pharmacology, physiology and behavioral effects in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 274 : 215 – 223 .
  • Farre , M. , de la Torre , R. , Lorente , M. , Lamas , X. , Ugenda , B. , Segura , J. and Cami , J. 1993 . Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 266 : 1364 – 1373 .
  • Higgins , S. , Rush , C. , Bickel , W. , Hughes , J. , Lynn , M. and Capeless , M. 1993 . Acute behavioral and cardiac effects of cocaine and alcohol combinations in humans . Psy-chopharmacology. , 111 : 285 – 294 .
  • Farre , M. , de la Torre , R. , Lorente , M. , Lamas , X. , Ugenda , B. , Segura , J. and Cami , J. 1993 . Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 266 : 1364 – 1373 .
  • Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans
  • McCance-Katz , E. , Price , L. , McDougle , C. , Kosten , T. , Black , J. and Jatlow , P. 1993 . Concurrent cocaine-ethanol ingestion in humans: pharmacology, physiology, behavior, and the role of cocaethylene . Psychopharmacology. , 111 : 39 – 46 .
  • Pirwitz , M. , Willard , J. , Landau , C. , Lange , R. , Glamann , B. , Kessler , D. , Foerster , E. , Todd , E. and Hillis , D. 1995 . Influence of cocaine, ethanol, or their combinations on epicardial coronary arterial dimensions in humans . Arch Intern Med. , 155 : 1186 – 1191 .
  • Farre , M. , de la Torre , R. , Lorente , M. , Lamas , X. , Ugenda , B. , Segura , J. and Cami , J. 1993 . Alcohol and cocaine interactions in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 266 : 1364 – 1373 .
  • Pirwitz , M. , Willard , J. , Landau , C. , Lange , R. , Glamann , B. , Kessler , D. , Foerster , E. , Todd , E. and Hillis , D. 1995 . Influence of cocaine, ethanol, or their combinations on epi-cardial coronary arterial dimensions in humans . Arch Intern Med. , 155 : 1186 – 1191 .
  • Henning , R. , Wilson , L. , Glauser , J. , Lavins , E. , Sebrosky , G. and Sutheimer , C. 1994 . Cocaine plus ethanol is more cardiotoxic than cocaine or ethanol alone . Crit Care Med. , 22 : 1896 – 1906 .
  • Jatlow , P. 1993 . Cocaethylene: pharmacologic activity and clinical significance . Ther Drug Monit. , 15 : 533 – 536 .
  • McCance , E. , Price , L. , Kosten , T. and Jatlow , P. 1995 . Cocaethylene: pharmacology, physiology and behavioral effects in humans . J Pharmacol Exp Ther. , 274 : 215 – 223 .
  • Albuquerque , M. , Kurth , C. D. , Monitto , C. , Shaw , L. and Anday , E. 1995 . Ethanol, morphine and barbiturate alter the hemodynamic andcerebral response to cocaine in newborn pigs . Biol Neonate. , 67 : 432 – 440 .
  • Ethanol, morphine and barbiturate alter the hemodynamic andcerebral response to cocaine in newborn pigs

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