63
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Co-Infection in Former Heroin Addicts in Methadone Maintenance Treatment

, , , , &
Pages 55-66 | Published online: 12 Oct 2008

References

  • Alter , M J , Kruzson-Moran , D , Nainan , O V , McQuillan , G M , Gao , F Moyer , L A . 1999 . The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, 1988 through 1994 . N Eng J Med. , 341 : 256 – 562 .
  • Alter , M J , Hadler , S C Judson , F N . 1990 . Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus . JAMA , 264 : 2231 – 2235 .
  • Alter , M J . 1997 . Epidemiology of hepatitis C . Hepatology , 26 : 62S – 65S .
  • Novick , D M , Reagan , K , Croxson , T S , Gelb , A , Stenger , R and Kreek , M L . 1997 . Hepatitis C virus serology in parenteral drug users with chronic liver disease . Addiction , 92 : 167 – 171 .
  • Garfein , R S , Doherty , M C , Monterroso , E R , Thomas , D L , Nelson , K E and Vlahov , D . 1998 . Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among young adult injection drug users . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. , 18 : S11 – S19 .
  • Foster , G R . 1999 . Hepatitis C virus infection: quality of life and side effects of treatment . J Hepatology , 31 : 250 – 254 .
  • Hahn , R A , Onorato , I M , Jones , T S and Dougherty , J . 1989 . Prevalence of HIV infection among intravenous drug users in the United States . JAMA , 261 : 2677 – 2684 .
  • Merrick , S T , Sepkowitz , K A , Boyle , B A and Jacobs , J L . Seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibody and hepatitis B surface antigenemia in a large urban HIV clinic . Programs and Abstracts of the 12th World AIDS Conference (Geneva) . Geneva, Switzerland. pp. 315 Abstract 22263
  • Stubbe , L , Soriano , V Antunes , F . Hepatitis C in the EuroSIDA Cohort of European HIV-infected patients: prevalence and prognostic value . Programs and Abstracts of the 12th World AIDS Conference (Geneva) . Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract 22261
  • Lessens , O , Deschenes , M , Steben , M , Belanger , G and Tsoukas , C . 1999 . Hepatitis C virus is related to progressive liver disease in HIV-positive hemophiliacs and should be treated as an opportunistic infection . J Infect Dis. , 179 : 1254 – 1258 .
  • Ockenga , J , Tillmann , H Trautwein , C . 1997 . Hepatitis B and C in HIV-infected patients. Prevalence and prognostic value . J Hepatol. , 27 : 18 – 24 .
  • Soto , B , Sanchez-Quijano , A , Rodrigo , L , Leal , M and Lissen , E . 1997 . HIV infection modifies the natural history of chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis C with an unusually rapid progression to cirrhosis. A multicenter study on 547 patients . J Hepatol. , 26 : 1 – 5 .
  • Bonacini , M , Govindarajan , S , Blatt , L M , Schmid , P , Conrad , A and Lindsay , K L . 1999 . Patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus demonstrate higher levels of hepatic HCV RNA . J Viral Hepat. , 6 : 203 – 208 .
  • Piroth , L , Duong , M , Quantin , C , Abrahamowicz , M , Michardiere , R Aho , L . 1998 . Does hepatitis C co-infection accelerate clinical and immunological evolution of HIV-infected patients? . AIDS , 12 : 381 – 388 .
  • Dole , V P , Nyswander , M E and Kreek , M J . 1966 . Narcotic Blockade . Arch Intern Med. , 118 : 304 – 309 .
  • NIH Consensus Conference . 1998 . Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction . JAMA , 280 : 1936 – 1943 .
  • Kreek , M J . 1973 . Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals . JAMA , 223 : 665 – 668 .
  • Kreek , M J . Physiologic implications of methadone maintenance treatment . Proceedings of the Fifth National Conference of Methadone Treatment NAPAN II-NIMH . pp. 824 – 836 .
  • Cushman , P and Kreek , M J . 1974 . Methadone-maintained patients. Effects of methadone on plasma testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin . NY State J Med. , 74 : 1970 – 1973 .
  • Novick , D M and Kreek , M J . 1992 . Methadone and immune function . JAMA , 92 : 113 – 115 .
  • Chang , C J , Lin , C H , Lee , C T , Chang , S J , Ko , Y C and Liu , H W . 1999 . Hepatitis C virus infection among short-term intravenous drug users in southern Taiwan . Eur J Epidemiol. , 15 : 597 – 601 .
  • Broers , B , Junet , C , Bourquin , M , Deglon , J J , Perrin , L and Hirschel , B . 1998 . Prevalence and incidence rate of HIV, hepatitis B and C among drug users on methadone maintenance treatment in Geneva between 1988 and 1995 . AIDS , 12 : 2059 – 2066 .
  • Alter , M J and Moyer , L A . 1998 . The importance of preventing hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users in the United States . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. , 18 : S6 – S10 .
  • Seef , L B , Miller , R N , Rabkin , C S , Buskell-Bales , Z , Smoak , B Straley-Eason , K D . 2000 . 45-year follow-up of hepatitis C virus infection in healthy young adults . Ann Intern Med. , 132 : 105 – 111 .
  • Des Jarlais , D C , Marmor , M , Cohen , H , Yancowitz , S , Garber , J , Friedman , S Kreek , M J . 1984 . Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidence of the syndrome . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , 33 : 377 – 379 .
  • Novick , D M , Kreek , M J , Des Jarlais , D , Spira , T J , Khuri , E T Raghunath , J . 1986 . Antibody to LAV, the putative agent of AIDS, in parenteral drug abusers and metha-done-maintained patients: Abstract of clinical research findings: Therapeutic, historical and ethical aspects . NIDA Res Monogr. , 67 : 318 – 320 .
  • Alter , H J . 1990 . Clinical, virological and epidemiological basis for the treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis . J Hepatol. , : S19 – S28 .
  • Novick , D M , Joseph , H , Croxson , T S , Salsitz , E A , Wang , G Richman , B L . 1990 . Absence of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus in long-term, socially rehabilitated methadone maintenance patients . Arch Intern Med. , 150 : 97 – 99 .
  • Kreek , M J , Des Jarlais , D C , Trepo , C L , Novick , D M , Abdul-Quader , A and Raghunath , J . 1990 . Contrasting prevalence of delta hepatitis markers in parenteral drug abusers with and without AIDS . J Infect Dis. , 162 : 538 – 541 .
  • Thomas , D L , Astemborski , J , Rai , R M , Anania , F A , Schaeffer , M Galai , N . 2000 . The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection: host, viral, and environmental factors . JAMA , 284 : 450 – 456 .
  • Drug Enforcement Agency . 1999 . The Supply of Illicit Drugs to the United States. The National Narcotics Intelligence Committee Report. 1997 . Centers for Disease Control HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report. , 1 : 11
  • Des Jarlais , D C , Friedman , S R , Novick , D M , Sotheran , J L , Thomas , P Yancovitz , S R . 1989 . HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users in Manhattan, New York City 1977 to 1987 . JAMA , 261 : 1008 – 1012 .
  • Des Jarlais , D C , Marmor , M , Friedmann , P , Titus , S , Aviles , E Deren , S . 2000 . HIV incidence among injection drug users in New York City, 1992–1997: evidence for a declining epidemic . Am J Public Health , 90 : 352 – 359 .
  • Lai , M Y , Kao , J H Yang , P M . 1996 . Long-term efficacy of ribavirin plus interferon alpha in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C . Gastroenterology , 111 : 1307 – 1312 .
  • Chemello , L , Cavalletto , L , Bernardinello , E , Guido , M , Pontisso , P and Alberti , A . 1995 . The effect of interferon alpha and ribavirin combination therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C . J Hepatol. , 23 : 8 – 12 .
  • Reichard , O , Norkrans , G , Frayden , A , Braconier , J , Sonnerborg , A and Weiland , O . 1998 . Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of interferon alpha-2b with and without ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C . Lancet , 351 : 83 – 86 .
  • Heathcote , J . 2000 . Antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C . Semin Liver Dis , 20 : 185 – 199 .
  • Borg , L , Khuri , E , Wells , A , Melia , D , Bergasa , N , Ho , A and Kreek , M J . 1999 . Metha-done-maintained former heroin addicts, including those who are HIV-1 seropositive, comply with and respond to hepatitis B vaccination . Addiction , 94 : 489 – 493 .
  • Stein , M D , Rich , J D , Maksad , J , Chen , M H , Hu , P , Sobota , M and Clarke , J . 2000 . Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected methadone patients: effect of ongoing illicit drug use . Amer J Drug Alcohol Abuse , 26 : 195 – 205 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.