271
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Physical Trauma and Substance Abuse

A Comparative Study on Substance Abuse in Patients with Physical Trauma versus General Population

, &
Pages 51-63 | Published online: 23 Sep 2008

References

  • Hawkins , J , ed. 1981 . Opium: Addicts and Addictions , New York : Arno Press .
  • Steentoft , A , Kaa , E and Worm , K . 1988 . Fatal intoxications in Denmark following intake of morphine from opium poppies . Z Rechtsmed , 101 ( 3 ) : 197 – 204 .
  • Unnithan , S and Strang , J . 1993 . Poppy tea dependence (Abstract) . Br J Psychiatry , 163 : 813 – 814 .
  • Ahmadi , J , Majdi , B , Mahdavi , S and Mohagheghzadeh , M . 2004 . Mood disorders in opioid-dependent patients . J Affect Disord , 82 ( 1 ) : 139 – 42 .
  • Westermeyer , J and Neider , J . 1982 . Variability in opium dosage: Observations from Laos, 1965–75 . Drug Alcohol Depend , 9 ( 4 ) : 351 – 358 .
  • Masood , A . 1979 . Opium smoking in the Frontier Province of Pakistan . Bulletin on Narcotics , 31 ( 1 ) : 59 – 66 .
  • Suwanwela , C , Poshyachinda , V , Tasanapradtt , P and Dharmakrong , A . 1978 . The hill tribes of Thailand: Their opium use and addiction . Bulletin on Narcotics , 30 ( 2 ) : 1 – 19 .
  • Agahi , C and Spencer , C . 1981 . Drug abuse in pre-revolutionary Iran . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 13 : 39 – 46 .
  • Brian , J . 1994 . Opium and infant-sedation in nineteenth-century England . Health Visitor , 76 : 165 – 166 .
  • Jonnes , J . 1995 . The rise of the modern addict . Am J Public Health , 85 : 1157 – 1162 .
  • Kalant , H . 1997 . Opium revisited: A brief review of its nature, composition, non-medical use, and relative risks . Addiction , 92 : 267 – 277 .
  • Kartikeyan , S , Chaturvedi , R and Bhalerao , V . 1992 . Role of the family in drug abuse . Journal of Postgraduate Medicine , 38 : 5 – 7 .
  • Ganguly , K , Sharma , H and Krishnamachari , K . 1995 . An ethnographic account of opium consumers of Rajasthan (India): Socio-medical perspective . Addiction , 90 : 9 – 12 .
  • Ahmadi , J and Ghanizadeh , A . 2000 . Motivations for use of opiates among addicts seeking treatment in Shiraz . Psychological Reports , 87 : 1158 – 1164 .
  • Westermeyer , J . 1979 . The pro-heroin effects of antiopium laws in Asia . Archives of General Psychiatry , 33 : 1135 – 1139 .
  • Suwanwela , C and Poshyachinda , V . 1986 . Drug abuse in Asia . Bull Narc , 38 ( 1–2 ) : 41 – 53 .
  • Zheng , X , Tian , C Choi , K . 1994 . Injecting drug use and HIV infection in southwest China . AIDS , 8 : 1141 – 1147 .
  • Westermeyer , J , Lyfoung , T and Neider , J . 1989 . An epidemic of opium dependence among Asian refugees in Minnesota: Characteristics and causes . British Journal of Addiction , 84 : 785 – 789 .
  • Martin , J and Zweben , J . 1993 . Addressing treatment needs of Southeast Asian Men opium users in California . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 25 : 73 – 76 .
  • Drug Control Headquarters . The Anti-Narcotics Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Amended November 1997. Tehran, Iran. [http://www.dchqiran.org/document/Law-1997.htm. http://www.dchqiran.org/docu- http://www.dchqiran.org/document/Law-1997.htm.ment/Law-1997.htm]
  • Razzaghi , E , Rahimi , A , Hosseini , M and Chatterjee , A . 1999 . “Rapid Situation Assessment (RSA) of Drug Abuse in Iran.” Prevention Department, State Welfare Organization, Ministry of Health, I.R. of Iran and United Nations International Drug Control Program
  • Drug Control Headquarters, International Relations Office . “The National Drug Control Report-2000.” Tehran, Iran. 2001
  • Moore , M . Wednesday 18 July 2001 . Iran: once hidden, drug addiction is changing Iran Wednesday 18 July , 26 Washington Post [http://maoinc.org/drugnews/v01/n1344/a06.html2072]
  • Ahmadi , J , Khalili , H Jooybar , R . 1999 . Epidemiology of cigarette smoking among Iranian general population . Proceedings of the World Psychiatric Association, Regional Congress, Preventive Psychiatry . 1999 , Athens, Greece. pp. 88
  • Alemi , A . 1978 . The iceberg of opium addiction: An epidemiological survey of opium addiction in a rural community . Drug & Alcohol Dependence , 3 ( 2 ) : 107 – 112 .
  • 1994 . Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, , 4th Edition. , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
  • Ahmadi , J and Sharifi , M . 2003 . Prevalence of heroin abuse in Shiraz, Iran . Arch Iranian Med , 6 ( 4 ) : 304 – 306 .
  • Ahmadi , J . 1992 . Biobehavior Therapy and Biobehaviorism: The Future of Psychiatry. , Second Edition , Shiraz : Rahgosha Press .
  • Ahmadi , J . 1991 . Behavior Therapy. , Third Edition. , Shiraz : Shiraz University Press .
  • Gulliver , S , Kalman , D and Rohsenow , D . 2000 . (2000) Smoking and drinking among alcoholics in treatment: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships . Journal of Stud-Alcohol , 61 ( 1 ) : 157 – 63 .
  • Coleman , E , Honeycutte , G Ogden , B . 1997 . Assessing substance abuse among health care students and the efficacy of educational interventions . Journal of Prof-Nurse , 13 ( 1 ) : 28 – 37 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.