Cumulatively Large Benefits of Incrementally Small Intervention Effects

References

• Austin , J. , Kessler , M. L. , Riccobono , J. E. and Bailey , J. S. 1996 . Using feedback and reinforcement to improve the performance and safety of a roofing crew . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 16 ( 2 ) : 49 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balcazar , F. E. , Hopkins , B. and Suarez , Y. 1986 . A critical, objective review of performance feedback . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 7 : 65 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Balcazar , F. E. , Shupert , M. K. , Daniels , A. C. , Mawhinney , T. C. and Hopkins , B. L. 1989 . An objective review and analysis of ten years of publication in the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 10 ( 1 ) : 7 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Brethower , D. M. 1982 . “ Total performance systems ” . In Industrial behavior modification , Edited by: O'Brien , R. M. , Dickinson , A. M. and Rosow , M. 350 – 369 . New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , R. and Herrnstein , R. J. 1975 . Psychology , Boston : Little-Brown & Company .
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . Employment and earnings . Bureau of Labor Statistics , 14 ( 1 ) : 159 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. F. 1973 . Organizational Dynamics , 1 : 31 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , A. C. 1989 . Performance management: Improving Quality productivity through positive reinforcement , Tucker, GA : Performance Management Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Furlong , M. J. and Wampold , B. E. 1982 . Intervention effects and relative variation as dimensions in experts' use of visual inference . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 15 : 415 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert , T. F. 1978 . Human competence: Engineering worthy performance , New York : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Glenn , S. S. 1988 . Contingencies and metacontingencies: Toward a synthesis of behavior analysis and cultural materialism . The Behavior Analyst , 11 : 161 – 179 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn , S. S. 1991 . “ Contingencies and metacontingencies: Relations among behavioral, cultural, and biological evolution ” . In Behavioral analysis of societies and cultural practices , Edited by: Lamal , P. A. 39 – 73 . Washington, DC : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• Halberstam , D. 1986 . The reckoning , New York : Avon Books .
   Google Scholar
• Handlin , H. C. 1992 . “ The company built upon the golden rule: Lincoln Electric ” . In Pay for performance: History, controversy, and evidence , Edited by: Hopkins , B. L. and Mawhinney , T. C. 151 – 163 . New York : The Haworth Press, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Lindsley , O. R. 1997 . “ Performance is easy to monitor and hard to measure ” . In The guidebook for performance improvement: Working with individuals and organizations , Edited by: Kaufman , R. , Thiagarajan , S. and Mac Gillis , P. 519 – 559 . San Francisco, CA : Pfeiffer, Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1975 . Operant terms and concepts in the description of individual work behavior: Some problems of interpretation, application, and evaluation . Journal of Applied Psychology , 60 : 704 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1992a . Evolution of organizational cultures as selection by consequences: The Gaia hypothesis, metacontingencies, and organizational ecology . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 12 ( 2 ) : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Mawhinney , T. C. 1992b . Total quality management and organizational behavior management: An integration for continual improvement . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 1992 , 25 : 525 – 543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael , J. 1993 . Establishing operations . The Behavior Analyst , 16 : 191 – 206 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mc Ilvaine , H. Parsons . “ Hawthorne: An early OBM experiment ” . In Pay for performance: History, controversy, and evidence , Edited by: Hopkins , Bill and Mawhinney , Thomas C. 27 – 43 . New York : The Haworth Press, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Pedalino , E. and Gamboa , V. U. 1993 . Behavior modification and absenteeism: Intervention in one industrial setting . Journal of Applied Psychology , 59 : 694 – 698 .
   Google Scholar
• Petrock , F. 1978 . Analyzing the balance of consequences for performance improvement . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 1 ( 3 ) : 196 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Poling , A. , Smith , J. F. and Braatz , D. 1993 . Data sets in organizational behavior management: Do we measure enough? . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 14 ( 1 ) : 99 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Poling , A. and Braatz , D. “ Principles of learning: Respondent and operant conditioning and human behavior ” . In Performance management: Behavior analysis in organizations Edited by: Johnson , C. M. , Redmon , W. K. and Mawhinney , T. C. (In press)
   Google Scholar
• Redmon , W. K. and Mason , M. “ Organizational culture and behavioral systems analysis ” . In Performance management: Behavior analysis in organizations Edited by: Johnson , C. M. , Redmon , W. K. and Mawhinney , T. C. Forthcoming in(In press)
   Google Scholar
• Streff , F. M. , Kalsher , M. J. and Geller , E. S. 1993 . Developing efficient workplace safety programs . Journal of Organizational Behavior Management , 13 ( 2 ) : 3 – 14 .
   Google Scholar