The Double ABCX Model and Children's Post-Divorce Adaptation

References

• Ahrons . 1983 . “ Divorce: Before, during, and after ” . In Stress and the family. Vol. I: Coping with normative transitions , Edited by: McCubbin , H. I. and Figley , C. R. 102 – 115 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Ahrons , C. 1994 . The good divorce: Keeping your family together when your marriage comes apart , New York : Harper Collins Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ahrons , C. R and Rodgers , R. H . Divorced families: Meeting the challenge of divorce and remarriage . New York : W.W. Norton & Company .
   Google Scholar
• Amato , P. R . 1986 . Marital conflict, the parent-child relationship, and child self-esteem . Family Relations , 35 : 403 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato , P. R . 1988 . Parental divorce and attitudes toward marriage and family life. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 50 : 453 – 461 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato , P. R . 1991 . The ‘child of divorce’ as a person prototype: Bias in the recall of information about children in divorced families . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 53 : 59 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato , P. R . 1993 . Children's adjustment to divorce: Theories, hypotheses, and empirical support. . Family Relations , 55 : 9 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Amato , P. R and Keith , B. 1991 . Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 53 : 43 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato , P R. and Keith , B. 1991 . Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin, HO , : 26 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Arendell , T. 1995 . Fathers and divorce , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Barber , B. L and Eccles , J. S . 1992 . Long-term influence of divorce and single parenting on adolescent family- and work-related values, behaviors, and aspirations . Psychological Bulletin , 111 : 108 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop , S. M and Ingersoll , G. M . 1989 . Effects of marital conflict and family structure on the self-concepts of pre- and early adolescents . Journal of Youth and Adolescence , I8 ( I ) : 25 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Block , J. H , Block , J. and Gierde , P. 1986 . The personality of children prior to divorce: A prospective study . Child Development , 57 : 827 – 894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , A. and Amato , P. 1992 . Divorce, residential change, and stress . Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 18 : 205 – 213 .
   Google Scholar
• Borrine , M. L , Handal , P. J , Brown , N. Y and Searight , H. R . 1991 . Family conflict and adolescent adjustment in intact, divorced, and blended families. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 ( 5 ) : 753 – 755 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray , J. H and Hetherington , E. M . 1993 . Families in transition: Introduction and overview . Journal of Family Psychology , 7 : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. H , Eichenberger , S. A , Portes , P. R and Christensen , D. N . 1991 . Family functioning factors associated with the adjustment of children of divorce . Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 17 : 81 – 95 .
   Google Scholar
• Buehler , C. A , Hogan , M. J , Robinson , B. E and Levy , R. J . 1985 . The parental divorce transition: Divorce-related stressors and well-being. . Journal of Di-vorce , 92 : 61 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Demo , D. H and Acock , A. C . 1988 . The impact of divorce on children. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 50 : 619 – 648 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devall , E. , Stoneman , Z. and Brody , G. 1986 . The impact of divorce and maternal employment on pre-adolescent children . Family Relations , 35 : 153 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty , W. J and Needle , R. H . 1991 . Psychological adjustment and substance use among adolescents before and after a parental divorce. . Child Development , 62 ( 2 ) : 328 – 337 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery , R. E . 1982 . Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce . Psychological Bulletin , 92 : 310 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enos , D. M and Handal , P. J . 1986 . The relation of parental marital status and perceived family conflict to adjustment in white adolescents . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 820 – 824 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowelling , R. L and Abauman , K. E . 1990 . Family structure and initial substance use in early adolescence. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 52 : 171 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Forehand , R. 1992 . Parental divorce and adolescent maladjustment: Scientific inquiry vs. public information. . Behavior Research and Therapy , 50 ( 4 ) : 319 – 327 .
   Google Scholar
• Forehand , R. and McCombs , A. 1989 . The nature of interparental conflict of married and divorced parents: Implications for young adolescents. . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 17 ( 2 ) : 235 – 249 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forehand , R. , McCombs , A. , Long , N. , Brody , G and Fauber , R. 1988 . Early adolescent adjustment to recent parental divorce: The role of interparental conflict and adolescent sex as mediating variables . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 624 – 627 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forehand , R. , Neighbors , B. , Devine , D. and Armistead , L. 1994 . Interparental conflict and parental divorce: The individual, relative, and interactive effects of adolescents across four years . Family Relations , 43 : 387 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forehand , R. , Wierson , M. , Thomas , A. , Fauber , R. , Armistead , L. , Kemptom , T. and Long , N. 1991 . A short-term longitudinal examination of young adolescent functioning following divorce: The role of family factors. . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 19 : 97 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furstenburg , F. F and Nord , C. W . 1985 . Parenting apart: Patterns of childrearing after marital disruption . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 47 : 893 – 904 .
   Google Scholar
• Gately , D. and Schwebel , A. I . 1992 . Favorable outcomes in children after parental divorce . Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 18 : 57 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Glenn , N. D and Kramer , K. B . 1987 . The marriages and divorces of the children of divorce . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 49 : 811 – 825 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardley , G. and Guemey , B. 1989 . “ A psychoeducational approach ” . In D-eating stress in families , Edited by: Figlcy , C. R. 158 – 191 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Hetherington , E. M . 1979 . Divorce: A child's perspective . American Psychologist , 34 : 851 – 858 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetherington , E. M . 1989 . Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers and survivors . Child Development , 60 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetherington , E. M . 1993 . An overview of the Virginia longitudinal study of divorce and remarriage with a focus on early adolescence. . Journal of Family Psychology , 7 : 39 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , R. 1958 . Generic features of families under stress . Social Casework , 49 : 139 – 150 .
   Google Scholar
• Hogan , M. J , Buehler , C and Robinson , B. 1983 . “ Single parenting: Transitioning alone ” . In Stress and the family. Vol. I: Coping with normative transitions , Edited by: McCubbin , H. I. and Figley , C. R. 116 – 132 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Isaacs , M. B , Leon , G. H and Kline , M. 1987 . When is a parent out of the picture? Different custody, different perceptions . Family Pivcess , 26 : 101 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , J. R . 1990 . Role diffusion and role reversal: Structural variations in divorced families and children's functioning. . Family Relations , 39 : 405 – 413 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , J. R , Gonzales , R. and Campbell , L. E . 1987 . Ongoing postdivorce conflict and child disturbance . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , J ( 4 ) : 493 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Kalter , N. 1987 . Long-term effects of divorce on children: A developmental vulnerability model . American Journal of Orthopsychiatiy , 57 : 587 – 600 .
   Google Scholar
• Keith , V. M and Finley , B. 1988 . The impact of parental divorce on children's educational attainment, marital timing and likelihood of divorce . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 50 : 797 – 809 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly , J. B . 1988 . Longer-term adjustment in children of divorce: Converging findings and implications for practice . Journal of Family Psychology , 2 : 119 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Kinard , E. M and Reniherz , H. 1986 . Effects of marital disruption on children's school aptitude and achievement . Journal of Family Issues , 48 : 285 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , M. , Tschann , J. M , Johnston , J. R and Wallerstein , J. S . 1989 . Children's adjustment in joint and sole physical custody families. . Developmental Psychology , 25 ( 3 ) : 430 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurdek , L. A and Sinclair , R. J . 1988 . Adjustment of young adolescents in two-parent nuclear, stepfather, and mother-custody families. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 ( 1 ) : 91 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauer , R. H and Lauer , J. C . 1991 . The long-term relational consequences of problematic family backgrounds . Family Relations , 40 : 286 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , N. , Slater , E. , Forehand , R and Fauber , R. 1988 . Continued high or reduced interparental conflict following divorce: Relation to young adolescent adjustment. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 ( 3 ) : 467 – 469 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCombs , A. and Forehand , R. 1989 . Adolescent school performance following parental divorce: Are there family factors that can enhance success? . Adolescence , 24 ( 96 ) : 871 – 880 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCubbin , H. I and Patterson , J. M . 1983 . “ Family transitions: Adaptation to stress ” . In Stress and the Family Volume I: Coping with Normative Transitions , Edited by: McCubbin , H. I. and Figley , C. R. 5 – 25 . New York : Brunner/Mazel, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• McCubbin , H. I and Patterson , J. M . 1981 . Systematic assessment of family stress, resources and coping: Tools for research, education and clinical intervention , St. Paul, MN : Family Social Science .
   Google Scholar
• McCubbin , H. I and Patterson , J. M . 1983 . “ The family stress process. The double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation ” . In Social stress and the family. Advances and developments in family stress theory and research , Edited by: McCubbin , H. , Sussman , M. and Patterson , J. 7 – 37 . 7 – 39 . New York : The Haworth Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Mechanic , D. and Hansell , S. 1989 . Divorce, family conflict, and adolescents∗ well-being . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 30 ( 1 ) : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller , C. W and Pope , H. 1986 . Children of single parent families: How they fare as young adults . Family Relations , 35 : 169 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , G. W , Leigh , G. K and Day , R. D . 1984 . Family stress theory and the impact of divorce on children . Journal of Divorce , 7 : 1 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Peterson , J. L and Zill , N. 1986 . Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 48 : 295 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pledge , D S. 1992 . Marital separation/divorce: A review of individual responses to a major life stressor. . Journal of Divorce ? Remarriage , 77 ( 3–4 ) : 151 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Plummcr , L. P and Koch-Hatem , A . 1986 . Family stress and adjustment to divorce. . Family Relations , 35 : 523 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Portes , P. R , Haas , R. C and Brown , J. 1991 . Identifying family factors that predict children's adjustment to divorce: An analytic synthesis . Journal of Divorce & Remarriage , 15 : 87 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , T. E . 1990 . Parental separation and the academic self-concepts of adolescents: An effort to solve the puzzle of separation effects . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 52 : 107 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprenkle , D. H and Cyrus , C. L . 1983 . “ Abandonment: The stress of sudden divorce ” . In Stress and the family. Vol. IJ: Coping with catastrophe , Edited by: Figley , C. R. and McCubbin , H. I. 53 – 75 . New York : Brunner/Mazel .
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson , M. R and Black , K. N . 1988 . Paternal absence and sex-role development: A mcta-analysis . Child Development , 59 : 793 – 814 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , C. L and Rudolph , L. B . 1983 . Counseling children , Monterey, CA : Brooks/Cole .
   Google Scholar
• Tiesel , J. W and Olson , D. H . 1992 . Preventing family problems: Troubling trends and promising opportunities . Family Relations , 41 : 398 – 403 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschann , J. M , Johnston , J. R , Kline , M. and Wallerstein , J. S . 1989 . Family process and children's functioning during divorce. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 51 : 431 – 444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallerstein , J. 1987 . Children of divorce: Report of a ten-year follow-up of early latency-age children. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 57 : 199 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster-Stratton , C. 1989 . The relationship of marital support, conflict, and divorce to parent perceptions, behaviors, and childhood conduct problems. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 51 : 417 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , R. S . 1984 . The impact of marital dissolution on income and consumption in single-parent households. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 46 : 115 – 127 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenck , D. , Hardesty , C. L , Morgan , C. S and Blair , S. L . 1994 . The influence of parental involvement on the well-being of sons and daughters. . Journal of Marriage and the Family , 56 : 229 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Whittaker , S. and Bry , B. H . 1991 . Overt and covert parental conflict and adolescent problems: Observed marital interaction in clinic and nonclinic families . Adolescence , 26 : 865 – 876 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ycaworth , R. 1980 . The development of an adolescent life change event scale . Adolescence , 15 : 91 – 97 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar