Alternate Routes of Opioid Administration in Palliative Care: Pharmacologic and Clinical Concerns

REFERENCES

• Ferrante F M. Principles of opioid pharmacotherapy: Practical implications of basic mechanisms. J Pain Symptom Manage 1996; 11: 265–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goughnour B R, Arkinstall W W. Potential cost-avoidance with oral extended-release morphine sulfate tablets versus morphine sulfate solution. Am J Hosp Pharm 1991; 48: 101–104
   Google Scholar
• Ferrel B, Wisdom C, Wenzl C, et al. Effects of controlled-release morphine on quality of life for cancer pain. Oncol Nurs Forum 1989; 16: 521–526
   Google Scholar
• Thirlwell M P, Sloan P A, Maroun J A, et al. Pharmacokinetic and clinical efficacy of oral morphine solution and controlled-release morphine tablets in cancer patients. Cancer 1989; 63: 2275–2283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks G W. Controlled-release morphine (MST Contin) in advanced cancer: The European experience. Cancer 1989; 63: 2378–2382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiko R F, Grandy R P, Oshlack B, et al. The United States experience with oral controlled-release morphine (MS Contin tablets). Cancer 1989; 63: 2348–2354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignault G G, Latreille J, Viguié F, et al. Control of cancer-related pain with MS Contin: A comparison between 12-hourly and 8-hourly administration. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995; 10: 416–422
   Google Scholar
• Roxane Laboratories, Inc. 1986, Bioavailability data, morphine polistrex oral suspension
   Google Scholar
• Forman W B, Portenoy R K, Yanagihara R H, et al. A novel morphine sulphate preparation: Clinical trial of a controlled-release morphine suspension in cancer pain. Palliat Med 1993; 7: 301–306
   Google Scholar
• Boureau F, Saudubray F, d'Amoux C, et al. A comparative study of controlled-release (CRM) suspension and CRM tablets in chronic cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992; 7: 393–399
   Google Scholar
• Anlar S, Capan Y, Guven O, et al. Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of buccoadhesive morphine sulfate tablets. Pharmaceut Res 1994; 11(2)231–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalso E, Vainio A. Morphine and oxycodone hydrochloride in the management of cancer pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 47: 639–646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiko R, Benziger D, Cheng C, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of con-trolled-release oxycodone in renal impairment. Am Soc Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996; 130(abstr)
   Google Scholar
• Leow K P, Smith M T, Williams B, et al. Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone in patients with cancer. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 487–495
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhaliwal H S, Sloan P, Arkinstall W W, et al. Randomized evaluation of controlled-release codeine and placebo in chronic cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995; 10(8)612–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hays H, Hagen N, Thirlwell M, et al. Comparative clinical efficacy of safety of immediate release and controlled release hydromorphone for chronic severe cancer pain. Cancer 1994; 74: 1808–1816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagen N, Thirlwetl M P, Dhaliwal H S, et al. Steady-state pharmacokinetics of hydromorphone and hydromorphone-3-glucuronide in cancer patients after immediate and controlled-release hydromorphone. J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 35: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Cancer pain relief and palliative care. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. Who Technical Report Series 804. WHO, Geneva 1990
   Google Scholar
• Expert advisory committee on the management of severe chronic pain in cancer patients. Cancer pain: a monograph on the management of cancer pain (cat. No. H42–2/5–1984E). Department of National Health and Welfare, OttawaCanada 1984; 18–29
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch J D. Sublingual morphine sulfate in chronic pain management. Clin Pharm 1984; 3: 585–586
   Google Scholar
• Pitorak E F. Pain control with sublingual or buccal morphine. Oncol Nurs Forum 1991; 18(5)941
   Google Scholar
• Davis T, Miser A W, Loprinzi C L, et al. Comparative morphine pharmacokinetics following sublingual, intramuscular, and oral administration in patients with cancer. The Hospice J 1993; 9(1)85–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinberg D S, Inturrisi C E, Reidewberg B, et al. Sublingual absorption of selected opioid analgesics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1988; 44: 335–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne R, Joel S, Trew D, et al. Morphine and metabolite behavior after different routes of morphine administration: Demonstration of the importance of the active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990; 47: 12–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipman A G, Anderson B D. Bioavailability of morphine from rectal suppositories. Am J Hosp Pharm 1984; 41: 636–638
   Google Scholar
• Johnsson T, Christensen C B, Jordening H, et al. The bioavailability of rectally administered morphine. Pharmacol Toxicol 1988; 3: 614–617
   Google Scholar
• Säwe J, Dahlström B, Paalzow L, et al. Morphine kinetics in cancer patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981; 30: 629–635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassinari D, Masi A, Sartori S, et al. Atypical absorption of morphine sul-fate through oral mucosa: An unusual case of acute opioid poisoning. J Pain Symptom Manage 1995; 10: 405–407
   Google Scholar
• Pitorak E F. Flavored morphine troches for cancer pain. Oncol Nurs Forum 1991; 18(3)601
   Google Scholar
• Kunz K M, Theisen J A, Schroeder M E. Severe episodic pain: Management with sublingual fentanyl. J Pain Symptom Manage 1993; 8(4)189, (letter)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanley T H, Hague B, Mock D L, et al. Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (lollipop) premedication in human volunteers. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 21–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schechter N L, Weisman S J, Rosenblum M, et al. The use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate for painful procedures in children. Pediatrics 1995; 95(3)335–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBoer A G, Moolenaar F, DeLeede L GJ, et al. Rectal drug administration: Clinical pharmacokinetic considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 1982; 7: 285–311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley K M. The treatment of cancer pain. NEJM 1984; 313: 84–95
   Google Scholar
• De Conno F, Ripamonti C, Saita L, et al. Role of rectal route in treating cancer pain: A randomized crossover clinical trial of oral versus rectal morphine administration in opioid-naive cancer patients with pain. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13(4)1004–1008
   Google Scholar
• Leow K P, Crammond T, Smith M T. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxycodone when given intravenously and rectally to adult patients with cancer pain. Anesth Analg 1995; 80
   Google Scholar
• Maloney C M, Kesner R K, Klein G, et al. The rectal administration of MS Contin: Clinical implications of use in end stage cancer. Am J Hospice Care 1989; 6(4)34–35
   Google Scholar
• Kaiko R F, Fitzmartin R D, Thomas G B, et al. The bioavailability of morphine in controlled-release 30-mg tablets per rectum compared with immediate-release 30-mg rectal suppositories and controlled-release 30-mg oral tablets. Pharmacother 1992; 12(2)107–113
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson T J, Robinson B A, Begg E J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of rectal versus oral sustained-release morphine in cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 31(3)251–254
   Google Scholar
• Babul N, Darke A C. Disposition of morphine and its glucuronide metabolites after oral and rectal administration: Evidence of route specificity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 54(3)286–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portenoy R K, Thaler H T, Inturrisi C E, et al. The metabolite morphine-6-glu-curonide contributes to the analgesia produced by morphine infusion in patients with pain and normal renal function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51(4)422–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goucke C R, Hackett L P, Ilett K F. Concentrations of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine-3-glucuronide in serum and cerebrospinal fluid following morphine administration to patients with morphine-resistant pain. Pain 1994; 56: 145–149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith M T, Watt J A, Crammond T. Morphine-3-glucuronide-a potent antagonist of morphine analgesia. Life Sci 1990; 47: 579–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babul N, Darke C, Anslow J A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of two novel rectal controlled-release morphine formulations. J Pain Symptom Manage 1992; 7: 400–405
   Google Scholar
• Bruera E, Fainsinger R, Spachynski K, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled-release morphine suppository and subcutaneous morphine in cancer pain: A randomized evaluation. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13(6)1520–1527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruera E, Brenneis C, Michaud M, et al. Use of the subcutaneous route for the administration of narcotics in patients with cancer pain. Cancer 1988; 62: 407–411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulin D E, Kreeft J H, Murray-Parsons N, et al. Comparison of continuous subcutaneous and intravenous hydromorphone infusions for management of cancer pain. Lancet 1991; 337: 465–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler S W, Trissel L A, Weinstein S M. Combined administration of opioids with selected drugs to manage pain and other cancer symptoms: Initial safety screening for compatibility. J Pain Sympt Manage 1996; 12(3)168–171
   Google Scholar
• Coyle N, Mauskop A, Maggard J, et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusions of opiates in cancer patients with pain. Oncol Nursing Forum 1986; 13(4)53–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerr I G, Sone M, DeAngelis C, et al. Continuous narcotic infusion with patient-controlled analgesia for chronic cancer pain in outpatients. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 554–557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar