Functional Neuroimaging in CFS:

References

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   Google Scholar
• Luria AR. Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1962_
   Google Scholar
• Mesulam MM. Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy: Association areas, the limbic system and hemispheric specialization. In; Mesulam, MM, ed. Prin-ciples of Behavioral Neurology. Philadelphia: FA Davis Co., 1985:1–70.
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• Damasio H. Damasio R. Lesion analysis in neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
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• Penfield W, Jasper H. Epilepsy and functional anatomy of human brain. Boston: Little, Brown, 1954.
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• Evans EV, Shinoda Y, Wise SP. Neurophysiological approaches to higher brain functions. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• De Long MR, Alexander GE. The basal ganglia and sensorimotor integra-tion. In: Struppler A, Weindl A, eds. Clinical Aspects of Sensory Motor Integra-tion. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Schelbert HR. Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography: Principal Applications for the Brain and Heart. New York: Raven Press, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Holman LB, Tumeh SS. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): applications and potential. JAMA 1990; 263:561–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost JJ, Wagner HN. Quantitative Imaging: Neuroreceptors, neurotrans-mitters and enzymes. New York: Raven Press, 1990:51–79.
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• Holman BL, Devous MD. Functional brain SPECT: The emergence of a powerful clinical method..., Nucl Med 199233:1888-1904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alavi A, Hirsch LL Studies of central nervous system disorders with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography: evolu-tion over the past two decades. Semin Mice Med 1991; 21:58–91
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• American Academy of Neurology, Therapeutics and Technology Assess-ment Subcommittee Assessment: Positron emission tomography. Neurology 1991; 41:163–167.
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• Masdeu IC, Brass LM, Holman BL, et al. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography. Neurology 1994; 44:1970–1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox PT: Functional brain mapping with PET. Seminars in Neurology 1989; 9:323–329.
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• Posner MI, Petersen SE, Fox P1', et al. Localization of cognitive functions in the human brain. Science 1988; 240:1627–1631.
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• Fisher RS, Frost LI: Epilepsy. J Nucl Med 1991; 32:651–659.
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• Coleman RE, Hoffman JM, Hanson MW. Clinical application of PET for the evaluation of brain tumors. JNuc Med 1991; 32:616–622.
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• Duara R, editor. Positron Emission Tomography in Dementia. Frontiers of Clinical Neuroscience Series Vol 10. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Baron JC. Positron tomography in cerebral ischemia. Neuroradiology 1985; 27:509–516.
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• Brooks DJ. Functional imaging of movement disorders. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S., eds. Movement Disorders 3. Butterworths, 1993: 65–87.
   Google Scholar
• khise M, Chung DG, Wang P. Wortzman G, Gray BG, Franks W. Techne-tium-99m-H1v1PAO SPECT, CT and MRI in the evaluation of patients with chron- ic traumatic brain injury: A correlation with neuropsychological performance. J Nucl Med 1994; 35:217–226.
   Google Scholar
• Frackowiak RSJ, Pozzili C, Legg NJ. et al. Regional cerebral oxygen sup-ply and utilization in dementia, a clinical and physiological study with oxygen-15 and positron tomography. Brain 1981; 104:753–778.
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• Foster NL, Chase TN, Mansi L, et al. Cortical abnormalities in Alzhei-mer's disease. Ann Neurol 1984; 16:649–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland RP, Budinger TF, Koss E, et al. Alzheimer's disease: anterior-posterior and lateral hemispheric alterations in cortical glucose utilization. Neuro-science Letters 1985; 53:235–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duara R, Grady C, Haxby JV, et al. Positron emission tomography in Alz-heimer's disease. Neurology 1986; 36:879–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonte FJ, Ross ED, Chehabi H, et al. SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10:579–583.
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• Johnson KA, Kijewski MF, Becker JA, et al. Quantitative brain SPECT in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:2044–2048.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson RCA, Esiri MM, Horns RW, et al. Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 1985; 82:4531–4534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland RP, Jagust WI Positron and Single Photon Emission Tomogra-phy in the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia. In: Duara R, ed., Positron Emis-sion Tomography in Dementia. Frontiers of Clinical Neuroscience Series Vol 10. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990:161–177.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl DE, Metter EJ, Benson DF, et al. Similarities of cerebral glucose me-tabolism in Alzheimer's and Parkinsonian dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985; 5\(suppl 1):S169.
   Google Scholar
• Jagust WJ, Reed BR, Seab JP, et al. Clinical-physiological correlates of Alzheimer's disease and frontal lobe dementia. Am J Physiological Imaging 1989; 4:89–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foster NL, Gilman S. Berent S, et al. Cerebral hypometabolism in progres-sive supranuclear palsy studies with PET. Ann Neural 1988; 24:399–406.
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• Fazio F, Perani D, Gitardi MC, et al. Metabolic impairment in human am-nesia: A PET study of memory networks. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992; 12:353–358.
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• Holman BL, Garada B, Johnson KA, Mendelson .1, et al. Comparison of brain perfusion SPECT in cocaine abuse and AIDS dementia complex. J Nucl Med 1992; 33: 1312–1315.
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• Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Phelps ME, et al. Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:243–250.
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• Mayberg HS, Lewis PJ, Regenold W, Wagner 1-IN. Paralimbic Hypoperfu-sion in Unipolar Depression. JNuc Med 1994; 35(6):929–934.
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• Reiman EM, Raichle ME, Butler FK, et al. A focal brain abnormality in panic disorder, a severe form of anxiety. Nature 1984; 310:683.
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• Buchsbaum MS. The frontal lobes, basal ganglia and temporal lobes as sites for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1990; 16(30):379–391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinberger OR, Berman KF, Suddath R, et al. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. Am J Psy-chiatry 1992; 149:890–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamminga CA, Thaker GK, Buchanan R, et al. Limbic system abnormali-ties identified in schizophrenia using positron emission tomography with fluoro-deoxyglucose and neocortical alterations with deficit syndrome. Arch Gen Psy-chiatry 1992; 49:522–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddle PF, Friston KS, Frith CD, et al. Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160:179–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zametkin AJ, Nordahl TE, Gross M, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1361–1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Mazziotta JC, et al. Cerebral glucose metabol-ic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psy-chiatry 1988; 145:1560–1563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Jenike MA, Alpert NM, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:62–70.
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• Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wang GJ, Wolf AP, Dewey Si. Decreased brain metabolism in neurologically intact healthy alcoholics. Am I Psychiatry 1992; 149:1016–1022.
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• Volkow ND, Fowler IS, Wolf AP, Hitzemann R, et al. Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:621–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post RM, DeLisi LE, Holcomb HH, et al. Glucose utilization in the tempo-ral cortex of affectively ill patients: positron emission tomography. Riot Psychia-try 1987; 22:545–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum MS, Wu I, DeLisi LE, et al. Frontal cortex and basal ganglia metabolic rates assessed by positron emission tomography with 18F-2-deoxyglu-cose in affective illness. J of Affective Disorders 1986; 10:137–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne V, Delecluse F, Hubaine PP, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:359–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackeim HA, Prohovnik I, Moeller JR, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:60–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bench CJ, Friston KJ, Brown RG, et al. The anatomy of melancholia-focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychol Med 1992; 22:607–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC, Videen TO, Price IL, et al. A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression. J Neuroscience 1992; 12:3628–3641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS. Frontal lobe dysfunction in secondary depression. J Neuro-psych Clin Neurosci 1994; 6:428–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser I, Mena I, Boone KB, et al. Reduction of cerebral blood flow in old-er depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:677–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL. Neuroanatomy of Depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54(S):14–20.
   Google Scholar
• Baron JC. Depression of energy metabolism in distant brain structures: studies with positron emission tomography in stroke patients. Seminars in Neurol-ogy 1989; 9:281–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metter EJ, Kempler D, Jackson CA, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in Weniicke's, Brocas's and conduction aphasia. Arch Neurology 1989; 46:27–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappata S, Mazoyer B, Tran Dinh S, et al. Effects of capsular or thalamic stroke on metabolism in cortex and cerebellum: a positron tomography study. Stroke 1990; 21:519–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •61. Levasseur M, Baron IC, Sette G, et al. Brain energy metabolism in bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. A PET study. Brain 1992; 115: 795–807.
   Google Scholar
• Haxby IV, Duara R, Grady CL, Cutler NR, Rapoport SI. Relations between neuropsych and cerebral metabolic asymmetries in early Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985; 5:193–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady CL, Haxby IV, Schlageter NL, et al. Stability of metabolic and neu-ropsychological asymmetries in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neurology 1986; 36:1390–1392.
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• Grafton ST, Mazziotta IC, Pahl JJ, et al. A comparison of neurological, metabolic, structural and genetic evaluations in persons at risk for Huntington's Disease. Ann Neurol 1990;28:614–621.
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   Google Scholar
• Ichise M, Salit 1E, Abbey SE, et al. Assessment of Regional Cerebral Per-fusion by Tc99rn-HMPAO SPECT in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Nuc Med Corn-mun 1992; 13:767–772.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein JA, Mena I, Jouanne E, Lesser I. The Assessment of Vascular Abnormalities in Late Life Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Brain SPECT: Compar-ison with Late Life Major Depressive Disorder. J Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; l(1):55–79.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz RB, Komaroff AL, Garada BM, et al. SPECT imaging of the brain: comparison of findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, AIDS dementia complex and major unipolar depression_ AIR 1994; 162:943–951.
   Google Scholar
• Fischler B. D'haenen H, Demets K, et al. Tc-99m-IIMPAO SPECT scan in chronic fatigue syndrome: a comparison with major depression and controls. Pro-ceedings AACFS Conference 1994; 31.
   Google Scholar
• Costa DC, Brostoff J, Ell PI Brain stem hypoperfusion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis-chronic fatigue syndrome. (abstr) Eur J Nucl Med 1992; 19:773.
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• Aitchison F, Patterson J, Hadley DM, et al. SPECT and MR Imaging of the Brain in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Proceedings AACFS Confer-ence 1994; 32.
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   Google Scholar
• Geschwind N, Galaburda AM. Cerebral lateralization: Biological mecha-nisms, associations, and pathology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Luria AR. Higher cortical functions in man. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1962_
   Google Scholar
• Mesulam MM. Patterns in behavioral neuroanatomy: Association areas, the limbic system and hemispheric specialization. In; Mesulam, MM, ed. Prin-ciples of Behavioral Neurology. Philadelphia: FA Davis Co., 1985:1–70.
   Google Scholar
• Damasio H. Damasio R. Lesion analysis in neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Penfield W, Jasper H. Epilepsy and functional anatomy of human brain. Boston: Little, Brown, 1954.
   Google Scholar
• Evans EV, Shinoda Y, Wise SP. Neurophysiological approaches to higher brain functions. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• De Long MR, Alexander GE. The basal ganglia and sensorimotor integra-tion. In: Struppler A, Weindl A, eds. Clinical Aspects of Sensory Motor Integra-tion. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Schelbert HR. Positron Emission Tomography and Autoradiography: Principal Applications for the Brain and Heart. New York: Raven Press, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Holman LB, Tumeh SS. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): applications and potential. JAMA 1990; 263:561–564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost JJ, Wagner HN. Quantitative Imaging: Neuroreceptors, neurotrans-mitters and enzymes. New York: Raven Press, 1990:51–79.
   Google Scholar
• Holman BL, Devous MD. Functional brain SPECT: The emergence of a powerful clinical method..., Nucl Med 199233:1888-1904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alavi A, Hirsch LL Studies of central nervous system disorders with single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography: evolu-tion over the past two decades. Semin Mice Med 1991; 21:58–91
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Neurology, Therapeutics and Technology Assess-ment Subcommittee Assessment: Positron emission tomography. Neurology 1991; 41:163–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masdeu IC, Brass LM, Holman BL, et al. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography. Neurology 1994; 44:1970–1977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox PT: Functional brain mapping with PET. Seminars in Neurology 1989; 9:323–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner MI, Petersen SE, Fox P1', et al. Localization of cognitive functions in the human brain. Science 1988; 240:1627–1631.
   Google Scholar
• Fisher RS, Frost LI: Epilepsy. J Nucl Med 1991; 32:651–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman RE, Hoffman JM, Hanson MW. Clinical application of PET for the evaluation of brain tumors. JNuc Med 1991; 32:616–622.
   Google Scholar
• Duara R, editor. Positron Emission Tomography in Dementia. Frontiers of Clinical Neuroscience Series Vol 10. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Baron JC. Positron tomography in cerebral ischemia. Neuroradiology 1985; 27:509–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks DJ. Functional imaging of movement disorders. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S., eds. Movement Disorders 3. Butterworths, 1993: 65–87.
   Google Scholar
• khise M, Chung DG, Wang P. Wortzman G, Gray BG, Franks W. Techne-tium-99m-H1v1PAO SPECT, CT and MRI in the evaluation of patients with chronic traumatic brain injury: A correlation with neuropsychological performance. J Nucl Med 1994; 35:217–226.
   Google Scholar
• Frackowiak RSJ, Pozzili C, Legg NJ. et al. Regional cerebral oxygen sup-ply and utilization in dementia, a clinical and physiological study with oxygen-15 and positron tomography. Brain 1981; 104:753–778.
   Google Scholar
• Foster NL, Chase TN, Mansi L, et al. Cortical abnormalities in Alzhei-mer's disease. Ann Neurol 1984; 16:649–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland RP, Budinger TF, Koss E, et al. Alzheimer's disease: anterior-posterior and lateral hemispheric alterations in cortical glucose utilization. Neuro-science Letters 1985; 53:235–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duara R, Grady C, Haxby JV, et al. Positron emission tomography in Alz-heimer's disease. Neurology 1986; 36:879–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonte FJ, Ross ED, Chehabi H, et al. SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1986; 10:579–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson KA, Kijewski MF, Becker JA, et al. Quantitative brain SPECT in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. J Nucl Med 1993; 34:2044–2048.
   Google Scholar
• Pearson RCA, Esiri MM, Horns RW, et al. Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 1985; 82:4531–4534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland RP, Jagust WI Positron and Single Photon Emission Tomogra-phy in the Differential Diagnosis of Dementia. In: Duara R, ed., Positron Emis-sion Tomography in Dementia. Frontiers of Clinical Neuroscience Series Vol 10. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990:161–177.
   Google Scholar
• Kuhl DE, Metter EJ, Benson DF, et al. Similarities of cerebral glucose me-tabolism in Alzheimer's and Parkinsonian dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985; 5\(suppl 1):S169.
   Google Scholar
• Jagust WJ, Reed BR, Seab JP, et al. Clinical-physiological correlates of Alzheimer's disease and frontal lobe dementia. Am J Physiological Imaging 1989; 4:89–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foster NL, Gilman S. Berent S, et al. Cerebral hypometabolism in progres-sive supranuclear palsy studies with PET. Ann Neural 1988; 24:399–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazio F, Perani D, Gitardi MC, et al. Metabolic impairment in human am-nesia: A PET study of memory networks. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992; 12:353–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman BL, Garada B, Johnson KA, Mendelson .1, et al. Comparison of brain perfusion SPECT in cocaine abuse and AIDS dementia complex. J Nucl Med 1992; 33: 1312–1315.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter LR, Schwartz JM, Phelps ME, et al. Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:243–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS, Lewis PJ, Regenold W, Wagner 1-IN. Paralimbic Hypoperfu-sion in Unipolar Depression. JNuc Med 1994; 35(6):929–934.
   Google Scholar
• Reiman EM, Raichle ME, Butler FK, et al. A focal brain abnormality in panic disorder, a severe form of anxiety. Nature 1984; 310:683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum MS. The frontal lobes, basal ganglia and temporal lobes as sites for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1990; 16(30):379–391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinberger OR, Berman KF, Suddath R, et al. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. Am J Psy-chiatry 1992; 149:890–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamminga CA, Thaker GK, Buchanan R, et al. Limbic system abnormali-ties identified in schizophrenia using positron emission tomography with fluoro-deoxyglucose and neocortical alterations with deficit syndrome. Arch Gen Psy-chiatry 1992; 49:522–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liddle PF, Friston KS, Frith CD, et al. Patterns of cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160:179–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zametkin AJ, Nordahl TE, Gross M, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in adults with hyperactivity of childhood onset. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1361–1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter LR Jr, Schwartz JM, Mazziotta JC, et al. Cerebral glucose metabol-ic rates in nondepressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psy-chiatry 1988; 145:1560–1563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rauch SL, Jenike MA, Alpert NM, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:62–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow ND, Hitzemann R, Wang GJ, Wolf AP, Dewey Si. Decreased brain metabolism in neurologically intact healthy alcoholics. Am I Psychiatry 1992; 149:1016–1022.
   Google Scholar
• Volkow ND, Fowler IS, Wolf AP, Hitzemann R, et al. Changes in brain glucose metabolism in cocaine dependence and withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:621–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post RM, DeLisi LE, Holcomb HH, et al. Glucose utilization in the tempo-ral cortex of affectively ill patients: positron emission tomography. Riot Psychia-try 1987; 22:545–553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchsbaum MS, Wu I, DeLisi LE, et al. Frontal cortex and basal ganglia metabolic rates assessed by positron emission tomography with 18F-2-deoxyglu-cose in affective illness. J of Affective Disorders 1986; 10:137–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvenne V, Delecluse F, Hubaine PP, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157:359–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sackeim HA, Prohovnik I, Moeller JR, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in mood disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990; 47:60–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bench CJ, Friston KJ, Brown RG, et al. The anatomy of melancholia-focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression. Psychol Med 1992; 22:607–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets WC, Videen TO, Price IL, et al. A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression. J Neuroscience 1992; 12:3628–3641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayberg HS. Frontal lobe dysfunction in secondary depression. J Neuro-psych Clin Neurosci 1994; 6:428–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser I, Mena I, Boone KB, et al. Reduction of cerebral blood flow in old-er depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:677–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JL. Neuroanatomy of Depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54(S):14–20.
   Google Scholar
• Baron JC. Depression of energy metabolism in distant brain structures: studies with positron emission tomography in stroke patients. Seminars in Neurol-ogy 1989; 9:281–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metter EJ, Kempler D, Jackson CA, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in Weniicke's, Brocas's and conduction aphasia. Arch Neurology 1989; 46:27–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappata S, Mazoyer B, Tran Dinh S, et al. Effects of capsular or thalamic stroke on metabolism in cortex and cerebellum: a positron tomography study. Stroke 1990; 21:519–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •61. Levasseur M, Baron IC, Sette G, et al. Brain energy metabolism in bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. A PET study. Brain 1992; 115: 795–807.
   Google Scholar
• Haxby IV, Duara R, Grady CL, Cutler NR, Rapoport SI. Relations between neuropsych and cerebral metabolic asymmetries in early Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985; 5:193–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady CL, Haxby IV, Schlageter NL, et al. Stability of metabolic and neu-ropsychological asymmetries in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neurology 1986; 36:1390–1392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grafton ST, Mazziotta IC, Pahl JJ, et al. A comparison of neurological, metabolic, structural and genetic evaluations in persons at risk for Huntington's Disease. Ann Neurol 1990;28:614–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pardo JV, Pardo PJ, Janer KW, Raich1e ME. The anterior cingulate cortex mediates processing selection in Stoop attentional conflict paradigm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87:256–259.
   Google Scholar
• Pardo IV, Fox P1'. Preoperative assessment of the localization of language functions: a comparison of CBF PET with intracarotid sodium amytal. Hum Brain Map 1993; 1:57–68.
   Google Scholar
• Ichise M, Salit 1E, Abbey SE, et al. Assessment of Regional Cerebral Per-fusion by Tc99rn-HMPAO SPECT in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Nuc Med Corn-mun 1992; 13:767–772.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein JA, Mena I, Jouanne E, Lesser I. The Assessment of Vascular Abnormalities in Late Life Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Brain SPECT: Compar-ison with Late Life Major Depressive Disorder. J Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; l(1):55–79.
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz RB, Komaroff AL, Garada BM, et al. SPECT imaging of the brain: comparison of findings in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, AIDS dementia complex and major unipolar depression_ AIR 1994; 162:943–951.
   Google Scholar
• Fischler B. D'haenen H, Demets K, et al. Tc-99m-IIMPAO SPECT scan in chronic fatigue syndrome: a comparison with major depression and controls. Pro-ceedings AACFS Conference 1994; 31.
   Google Scholar
• Costa DC, Brostoff J, Ell PI Brain stem hypoperfusion in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis-chronic fatigue syndrome. (abstr) Eur J Nucl Med 1992; 19:773.
   Google Scholar
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