Cytokine Expression and Morphology of in vitro Grown Monocytes from Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

References

• Holmes GP, Kaplan SE, Gantz NM, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a work-ing case definition. Ann Intern Med 1988;108: 387–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpe MC, Archard LC, Banatvala SE. Chronic fatigue syndrome: guidelines for research. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 1991;84: 118–121.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, et al. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a compre-hensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1994;121: 953–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirelli U, Bernardi D, Importa S, et al. Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1994;2: 85–96.
   Google Scholar
• Patarca R, Klimas NG, Garcia MN, et al. Dysregulated expression of soluble immune mediator receptors in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: cross-sectional categorization of patients by immune status. Journal of Chronic Fa-tigue Syndrome 1994;1: 81–96.
   Google Scholar
• Klimas NG, Salvato FR, Morgan R, et al. Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28: 1403–1410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker E, Fujimura SF, Fadem MB, et al. Immunologic abnormalities associ-ated with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18 Suppl 1: S136–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ojo-Amaize EA, Conley EJ, Peter JB. Decreased natural killer cell activity is associated with severity of chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. Clin In-fect Dis 1994;18 Suppl 1: S157–9.
   Google Scholar
• Tirelli U, Marotta G, Improta S, et al. Immunological abnormalities in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand J Immunol 1994;40: 601–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landay AL, Jessop C, Lennette ET, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical condition associated with immune activation. Lancet 1991;338: 707–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd AR, Wakefield D, Boughton CR, et al. Immunological abnormalities in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Med .1- Aust 1989;151: 122–124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd A, Hickie I, Hickie C, et al. Cell-mediated immunity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, healthy control subjects and patients with major depres-sion. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;87: 76–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto J, Subira ML, Castilla A, et al. Naloxone-reversible monocyte dysfunc-tion in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand .1- Immunol 1989;30: 13–20.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Vayuvegula B. A comprehensive immunological analysis in chronic fatigue syndrome. Scand .1- Immunol 1991;33: 319–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patarca R, Klimas NG, Lugtendorf S, et al. Dysregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor in chronic fatigue syndrome: interrelations with cellular sources and patterns of soluble immune mediator expression. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18 Suppl 1: S147–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linde A, Andersson B, Svenson SB, et al. Serum levels of lymphokines and soluble cellular receptors in primary Epstein-Barr virus infection and in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. .1- Infect Dis 1992;165: 994–1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao CC, Janoff EN, Hu SX, et al. Altered cytokine release in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Cytokine 1991;3: 292–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanink CM, Vercoulen JH, Galama JM, et al. Lymphocyte subsets, apopto-sis, and cytokines in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. .1- Infect Dis 1996;173: 460–463.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd AR, Hickie I, Brockman A, et al. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cyto-kine levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and control subjects. .1- Infect Dis 1991;164: 1023–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd A, Gandevia S, Brockman A, et al. Cytokine production and fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and healthy control subjects in response to exercise. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18 Suppl 1: S142–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morte S, Castilla A, Civeira MP, et al. Production of interleukin-1 by periph-eral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome [letter]. .1- In-fect Dis 1989;159: 362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuckerman SH, Ackerman SK, Douglas SD. Long-term human peripheral blood monocyte cultures: establishment, metabolism and morphology of primary hu-man monocyte-macrophage cell cultures. Immunology 1979;38: 401–411.
   Google Scholar
• Wewers MD, Herzyk DJ. Alveolar macrophages differ from blood monocytes in human IL-1beta release. Quantitation by enzyme-linked immunoassay. .1- Immunol 1989;143: 1635–1641.
   Google Scholar
• Allen IN, Herzyk DJ, Allen ED, et al. Human whole blood interleukin-1-beta production: kinetics, cell source, and comparison with TNF-alpha. .1- Lab Clin Med 1992;119: 538–546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hass R, Giese G, Meyer G, et al. Differentiation and retrodifferentiation of U937 cells: reversible induction and suppression of intermediate filament protein synthesis. Eur .1- Cell Biol 1990;51: 265–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta S, Aggarwal S, See D, et al. Cytokine production by adherent and non-adherent mononuclear cells in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychiatr Res 1997;31: 149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1. In: Thomson AW, The Cytokine Handbook. Lon-don: Academic Press, 1991; pp. 47–81.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan IS, Bannister BA, Akbar A, et al. A study of the immunology of the chronic fatigue syndrome: correlation of immunologic parameters to health dysfunc-tion. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998;87: 60–67.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar