Biochemical Dysregulation of the 2-5A Synthetase/RNase L Antiviral Defense Pathway in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

References

• Holmes GP, Kaplan JE, Glantz, NM, et al.: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Working Case Definition. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 387–389.
   Google Scholar
• Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, et al.: International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group, The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach to Its Definition and Study. Ann Intern Med 1994; 121: 953–959.
   Google Scholar
• Reyes M, Nisenbaum R, Stewart G, et al.: Update: Wichita Population-Based Study of Fatiguing Illness, Fourth International AACFS Research and Clinical Con-ference on CFIDS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 10–12, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Bates D, Buchwald D, Lee J. et al.: Clinical Laboratory Test Findings in Pa-tients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Arch Intern Med 1993; 155: 97–103.
   Google Scholar
• Chao CC, Janoff EN, Hu SX, et al.: Altered Cytokine Release in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures from Patients with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Cytokine 1991; 3: 292–298.
   Google Scholar
• McGregor NR, Dunstan RH, Zerbes M, et al.: Preliminary Determination of a Molecular Basis to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Biochem Molec Med 1996; 57: 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• Levy JA: Viral Studies of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18: S117–S120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus S, Fritz S, Dale J, et al.: Lymphocyte Phenotype and Function in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 1993; 13: 30–40.
   Google Scholar
• Demitrack M, Dale J, Straus S, et al.: Evidence for Impaired Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 1224–1234.
   Google Scholar
• Caliguiri M, Murray C, Buchwald D, et al.: Phenotypic and Functional Defi-ciency of Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Immunol 1987; 139: 3306–3313.
   Google Scholar
• Klimas NG, Salvato FR, Morgan R, et al.: Immunologic Abnormalities in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1403–1410.
   Google Scholar
• Komaroff AL, and Buchwald DS: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An Update. Annu Rev Med 1998; 49: 1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lengyel P: Biochemistry of Interferons and Their Actions. Annu Review Bio-chem 1982; 51: 251–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen GC, Ransohoff RM: Interferon-Induced Antiviral Actions and Their Reg-ulation. Adv Virus Res 1993; 42: 57–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Player MR, Torrence PF: The 2-5A System: Modulation of Viral and Cellular Processes Through Acceleration of RNA Degradation. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 78: 55–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhadolnik RJ, Reichenbach NL, Hitzges P, et al.: Upregulation of the 2-5A Synthetase/RNase L Antiviral Pathway Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18: S96–S104.
   Google Scholar
• Suhadolnik RJ, Reichenbach NL, Hitzges P, et al.: Changes in the 2-5A Synthe-tase/RNase L Antiviral Pathway in a Controlled Clinical Trial with Poly(I)-Poly(C12U) in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. In Vivo 1994; 8: 599–604.
   Google Scholar
• Suhadolnik RJ, Peterson DL, O'Brien K, et al.: Biochemical Evidence for a Novel Low Molecular Weight 2-5A-Dependent RNase L in Chronic Fatigue Syn-drome. J Interferon & Cytokine Res 1997; 17: 377–385.
   Google Scholar
• Morag A, Tobi M, Ravid Z, et al.: Increased (2'-5')-Oligo-A Synthetase Ac-tivity in Patients with Prolonged Illness Associated with Serological Evidence of Per-sistent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection. Lancet 1982; 744.
   Google Scholar
• Bisbal C, Martinand C, Silhol M, et al.: Cloning and Characterization of a RNase L Inhibitor, A New Component of the Interferon-Regulated 2-5A Pathway. J Biol Chem 1995; 270: 13308–13317.
   Google Scholar
• Wells V, Mallucci L: Expression of the 2-5A System During the Cell Cycle. Exp Cell Res 1985; 159: 27–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bisbal C, Campine I, DeBecker P, et al.: A 2-5A Binding Polypeptide of 37 kDa as a Potential Biochemical Marker for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, San Diego, CA, October 19–24, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• DeMeirleir K, Campine I, DeBecker P, et al.: RNase L Dysfunction Disorder (R.E.D.D.) in CFS, Fourth International AACFS Research and Clinical Conference on CFIDS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 10–12, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Solomon V, Leckert SH, and Goldberg AL.: The N-End Rule Pathway Cata-lyzes a Major Fraction of the Protein Degradation in Skeletal Muscle. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 25216–25222.
   Google Scholar
• Borish L, Schmaling K, DiClementi JD, et al.: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Identification of Distinct Subgroups on the Basis of Allergy and Psychologic Vari-ables. J Allergy & Clin Immunol 1998; 102: 222–230.
   Google Scholar
• Patarca R, Klimas N, Sandler D, et al.: Interindividual Immune Status Varia-tion Patterns in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Association with Gender and the Tumor Necrosis Factor System. J Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1996; 2: 13–39.
   Google Scholar
• Chao CC, Janoff EN, Hu SX, et al.: Altered Cytokine Release in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures from Patients with the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Cytokine 1991; 3: 292–298.
   Google Scholar
• Chapekar MS, Glazer RI: The Synergistic Cytocidal Effect Produced by Im-mune Interferon and Tumor Necrosis Factor in HT-29 Cells Is Associated with In-hibition of rRNA Processing and (2,5)-Oligo(A) Activation of RNase L. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 151: 1180–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keppler-Hafkemeyer A, Brinkmann U, Pastan I: Role of Caspases in Immu-notoxin-Induced Apoptosis of Cancer Cells. Biochemistry 1998; 37: 16934–16942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong D, Silverman RH: A Bipartite Model of 2-5A-Dependent RNase L. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 22236–22242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath SE, Peterson DL, Suhadolnik RJ: Characterization of RNase L Dys-function in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Extracts from Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fourth International AACFS Research and Clinical Conference on CFIDS, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 10–12, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman RH, Jung DD, Nolan-Sorden NL, et al.: Purification and Analysis of Murine 2-5A-Dependent RNase. J Biol Chem 1988; 263: 76336–7342.
   Google Scholar
• Marie I, Hovanessian AG: The 69-kDa 2-5A Synthetase Is Composed of Two Homologous and Adjacent Functional Domains. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 9939–9942.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou A, Hassel BA, Silverman RH: Expression Cloning of 2-5A-Dependent RNase. A Uniquely Regulated Mediator of Interferon Action. Cell 1993; 72: 753–765.
   Google Scholar
• Borowsky B, Hoffman BJ: Analysis of a Gene Encoding Two Glycine Trans-porter Variants Reveals Alternative Promoter Usage and a Novel Gene Structure. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 29077–29085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine PH, Whiteside TL, Friberg D, et al.: Dysfunction of Natural Killer Ac-tivity in a Family with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 88: 96–104.
   Google Scholar