1
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Comparative Analysis of Lymphocytes in Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

, , &
Pages 65-75 | Published online: 04 Dec 2011

References

  • Klimas, NG and Fletcher MA. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 1995; 8:145–148.
  • Buchwald D, Cheney PR, Peterson DL, Henry B, et al. Chronic illness charac-terized by fatigue, neurologic and immunologic disorders and active human herpes-virus 6 type infection. Annals of Internal Medicine 1992; 116:103–113.
  • Millon C, Salvato F, Blaney N, Morgan R, Mantero-Atienza E, Klimas NG, Fletcher MA. A psychological assessment of chronic fatigue syndrome/chronic Eps-tein-Barr virus patients. Psychology and Health 1989; 3:131–141.
  • Lutgendorf S, Klimas N, Antoni M, Brickman A and Fletcher MA. Relation-ships of cognitive difficulties, depression and illness burden in chronic fatigue syn-drome. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; 1:23–41.
  • Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A, Interna-tional CFS Study Group. The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A comprehensive ap-proach to its definition and study. Annals of Internal Medicine 1994; 121:953–959.
  • Klimas, N.G. and Fletcher, M.A. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 1995; 8:145–148.
  • Klimas NG, Morgan R, Salvato F, vanReil F, Millon C, Fletcher MA. Chronic fatigue syndrome and psychoneuroimmunology. In Stress and Disease Progression: Perspectives in Behavioral Medicine. Schneiderman N, McCabe P, Baum A., eds. Lawrence Erlbaum, Assoc., Hillsdale, NJ, P121–137, 1992.
  • Chester AC, Levine PH. Concurrent sick building syndrome and chronic fa-tigue syndrome. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1994; 18\(suppl 1):543–548.
  • Ablashi DV, Kramarsky B, Bembaum J, Whitman JE, Pearson GR. Viruses and chronic fatigue syndrome: Current status. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; 1:3–22.
  • Landay AL, Jessop C, Lennette ET, Levy JA. Chronic fatigue syndrome: clin-ical condition associated with immune activation. Lancet 1991; 338: 707–712.
  • Klimas NG, Salvato FR, Morgan R, Fletcher MA. Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1990; 28: 1403–1410.
  • Patarca R, Lugtendorf S, Antoni M, Klimas NG, Fletcher MA. Dysregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor in the chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syn-drome: Interrelations with cellular sources and patterns of soluble immune mediator expression. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1994; 18:S147–S153.
  • Patarca R, Klimas NG, Garcia MN, Pons H, Fletcher MA. Dysregulated ex-pression of soluble immune mediator receptors in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Categorization of patients by immune status. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; 1:79–94.
  • Patarca R, Klimas NG, Sandler D, Garcia MN, Fletcher MA. Interindividual immune status variation patterns in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: associa-tion with the tumor necrosis factor system and gender. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 1995; 2(1):13–19.
  • Hassan IS, Bannister BA, Akbar A, Weir W, Bofill M. A study of the im-munology of the chronic fatigue syndrome: Correlation of immunologic markers to health dysfunction. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 1998; 87(1):60–67.
  • Tirelli U, Marotta G, Improta S, Pinto A. Immunological abnormalities in pa-tients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology1994; 40(6):601–608.
  • Tedla N, Dwyer J, Truskett P, Taub D, Wakefield D, Lloyd A. Phenotypic and functional characterization of lymphocytes derived from normal and HIV-1-infected human lymph nodes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 1999; 117(1):92–99.
  • Black RB, Leong AS, Crowed PA et al. Lymphocyte subpopulations in human lymph nodes: a normal range. Lymphology 1980; 13:86–90.
  • Lindelman C, Mellstedt H, Biverfeld P. Blood and lymph node T-lymphocyte subsets in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 1983; 30:68–78.
  • Kelly-Williams S, Zmijewski M, Tomaszewski E. Lymphocyte subpopula-tions in `nomrar lymph nodes harvested from cadavers. Laboratory Medicine 1989; 20:487–490.
  • Bryan CF, Eastman J, Conner B, et al. Clinical utility of a lymph node normal range obtained by flow cytometry. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1993; 667: 404–406.
  • Morimoto C, Letvin NL, Distaso JA, et al. The isolation and characterization of the human suppressor inducer T-cell subset. Journal of Immunology 1985; 134: 1508–1512.
  • Mackay CR, Marston WL, Dudler L. Naive an dmemory T cells show distinct pathways of lymphocyte recirculation. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1990; 171: 801–817.
  • Mackay CR. Migration pathways and immunologic memory among T lym-phocytes. Seminars in Immunology 1992; 4:51–58.
  • Westemann J, Pabst R. How organ specific is the migration of 'naive' and 'memory' T cells? Immunology Today 1996; 17:278–282.
  • Natelson BH, La Mama JJ, Denny TN, Vladutiu A, Oleske J, Hill N, Bergen MT, Korn L, Hay J. Immunologic parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome, major de-pression, and multiple sclerosis. American Journal of Medicine 1998; 105(3A): 43S–49S.
  • Franco K, Kawa HA, Doi S, et al. Remarkable depression of CD4+2H4+ T cells in severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 1987; 26:769–773.
  • Alpert S, Kloide J, Takada S, et al. T-cell rehulatory disturbances in the rheu-matic diseases. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 1987; 13(3):431–435.
  • Emery P, Gently KC, Mackay IR, et al. Deficiency of the suppressor inducer subset of T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis & Rheumatism 1987; 30:849–856.
  • Klimas N, Patarca R, Perez G, Garcia-Morales R, Schultz D, Schabel J, Fletcher MA. Distinctive immune abnormalities in a patient presenting with procai-namide-induced lupus and serositis. American Journal of Medical Sciences 1991; 303(2):99–104.
  • Sato K, Miyasaka N, Yamaoka K, et al. Quantitative defect of CD4+2H4+ cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjoegren's syndrome. Arthritis & Rheuma-tism 1987; 30:1407–1411.
  • Sobel RA, Hafler DA, Castro EE, et al. The 2H4 (CD45R) antigen is selec-tively decreased in multiple sclerosis lesions. Journal of Immunology 1988; 140: 2210–2214.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.