References
- Huang H, Manton KG. The role of oxidative damage in mitochondria during aging: a review. Front Biosci 2004; 9:1100–1117.
- Kanno T, Sato EE, Muranaka S, Fujita H, Fujiwara T, Utsumi T, Inoue M, Utsumi K. Oxidative stress underlies the mechanism for Ca2±-induced permeability transition of mitochondria. Free Radical Res 2004; 38(1):27–35.
- Nicolson GL, Poste G, Ji T. Dynamic aspects of cell membrane organization. Cell Surface Rev 1977; 3:1–73.
- Subczynski WK, Wisniewska A. Physical properties of lipid bilayer membranes: relevance to membrane biological functions. Acta Biochim Pol 2000; 47:613–625.
- Logan AC, Wong C. Chronic fatigue syndrome: oxidative stress and dietary modifications. Ahem Med Rev 2001; 6(5): 450–459.
- Manuel y Keenoy B, Moorkens G, Vertommen J, De leeuw I. Antioxidant status and lipoprotein peroxidation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Life Sci 2001; 68:2037–2049.
- Nicolson GL. Lipid replacement as an adjunct to therapy for chronic fatigue, anti-aging and restoration of mitochondrial function. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2003; 6(3):22–28.
- Harris WS. n-3 fatty acids and lipoproteins: comparison of results from human and animal studies. Lipids 1996; 31:243–252.
- Connor WE. Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71:S171–S178.
- Butcher G, Hengstler HC, Schindler P, Meier C. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med 2002; 112:298–304.
- Belluzzi A. n-3 fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Nutr Soc 2002; 61:391–393.
- Calder PC. Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids. Proc Nutr Soc 2002; 61:345–358.
- Grimble RF. Nutritional modulation of immune function. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60:389–397.
- Hajri T, Abumrad NA. Fatty acid transport across membranes: relevance to nutri-tion and metabolic pathology. Annu Rev Nutr 2002; 22:383–415.
- Hamilton JA. Fatty acid transport: difficult or easy? J Lipid Res 1998; 39(3):467–481.
- Fellmann P, Herve P, Pomorski T, Muller P, et al. Transmembrane movement of diether phospholipids in human erythrocytes and human fibroblasts. Biochem 2000; 39:4994–5003.
- Conner SD, Schmid SL. Regulated portals of entry into the cell. Nature 2003; 422:37–44.
- Mansbach CM, Dowell R. Effect of increasing lipid loads on the ability of the endoplasmic reticulum to transport lipid to the Golgi. J Lipid Res 2000; 41:605–612.
- Kroenke K, Wood DR, Mangelsdorff AD, et al. Chronic fatigue in primary care. Prevalence, patient characteristics, and outcome. JAMA 1988; 260:929–934.
- Morrison JD. Fatigue as a presenting complaint in family practice. J Family Pract 1980; 10:795–801.
- Piper BF, Dribble SL, Dodd MJ, et al. The revised Piper Fatigue Scale: psycho-metric evaluation in women with breast cancer. Oncol Nursing Forum 1998; 25:667–684.
- McDonald E, David AS, Pelosi AJ, Mann AH. Chronic fatigue in primary care attendees. Psychol Med 1993; 23:987–998.
- Piper BF, Linsey AM, Dodd MJ. Fatigue mechanism in cancer. Oncol Nursing Forum 1987; 14:17–23.
- Richter C, Par JVV, Ames B. Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nu-clear DNA is extensive. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1998; 85:6465–6467.
- Wei YH, Lee HC. Oxidative stress, mitochondria' DNA mutation and impair-ment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp Biol Med 2002; 227:671–682.
- Harman D. Aging: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 1956; 2:298–300.
- Halliwell B. Role of free radicals in the neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic implications for antioxidant treatment. Drugs Aging 2001; 18:685–716.
- Tan, NS S, Vinckenbosch NS, Liu N, Yasmin P, Desvergne R, et al. Selective co-operation between fatty acid binding proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in regulating transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5114–51127.
- Chen D, Cao G, Hastings T, et al. Age-dependent decline of DNA repair activity for oxidative lesions in rat brain mitochondria. J Neurochem 2002; 81:1273–1284.
- Xu D, Finkel T. A role for mitochondria as potential regulators of cellular life span. Biochem Biophysics Res Commun 2002; 294:245–248.
- Richards RS, Roberts TK, McGregor NR, et al. Blood parameters indicative of oxidative stress are associated with symptom expression in chronic fatigue syndrome. Redox Rep 2000; 5:35–41.
- Felle S, Mecocci P, Fano G, et al. Specific oxidative alterations in vastus lateralis muscle of patients with the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Free Radical Biol Med 2000; 29:1252–1259.
- Pall ML. Elevated, sustained peroxynitrite levels as the cause of chronic fatigue syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2000; 54:115–125.
- Castro L, Rodriguez M, Radi R. Aconitase is readily inactivated by peroxynitrite, but not by its precursor, nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:29409–29415.
- Radi R, Rodriguez M, Castro L, Telleri R. Inhibition of mitochondrial electronic transport by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 1994; 308:89–95.
- Manuel Y, Keenoy B, Moorkens G, Vertommen J, et al. Magnesium status and parameters of the oxidant-antioxidant balance in patients with chronic fatigue: effects of supplementation with magnesium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19:374–382.
- De AK, Darad R. Age-associated changes in antioxidants and antioxidative en-zymes in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1991; 59:123–128.
- Ames BM. Micronutrients prevent cancer and delay aging. Toxicol Lett 1998; 102:1035–1038.
- Sharman EH, Bondy SC. Effects of age and dietary antioxidants on cerebral elec-tron transport chain activity. Neurobiol Aging 2001; 22:629–634.
- Sugiyama S, Yamada K, Ozawa T. Preservation of mitochondrial respiratory function by coenzyme Q10 in aged rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 37:1111–1120.
- Lin M, Simon D, Ahn C, Lauren K, Beal NfF. High aggregrate burden of somatic mtDNA point mutations in aging and Alzheimer's disease brain. Human Mol Genet 2002; 11:133–145.
- Matthews RT, Yang L, Browne S, et al. Coenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:8892–8897.
- Miguel J. Can antioxidant diet supplementation protect against age-related mitochondrial damage? Ann IVY Acad Sci 2002; 959:317–347.
- De AK, Darad R. Age-associated changes in antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 1991; 59:123–128.
- Ellithorpe RR, Settineri R, Nicolson GL. Pilot Study: reduction of fatigue by use of a dietary supplement containing glycophospholipids. J Am Nut raceut Assoc 2003; 6(1):23–28.
- Agadjanyan M, Vasilevko V, Ghochikyan A, Berns P, Kesslak P, Settineri R, Nicolson GL. Nutritional supplement (NTFactor) restores mitochondrial function and reduces moderately severe fatigue in aged subjects. J Chronic Fatigue Syndr 2003; 11(3):23–26.
- Seidman M, Khan MJ, Tang WX, Quirk WS. Influence of lecithin on mitochondrial DNA and age-related hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2002; 127: 138–144.
- Kim MJ, Cooper DD, Hayes SF, Spangrude GJ. Rhodamine-123 staining in hematopoietic stem cells of young mice indicates mitochondrial activation rather than dye efflux. Blood 1998; 91:4106–4117.
- Colodny L, Lynch K, Farber C, Papish S, et al. Results of a study to evaluate the use of Propax to reduce adverse effects of chemotherapy. J Am Nutraceut Assoc 2000; 2:17–25.
- Paradies G, Petrosillo G, Pistolese M, Ruggiero F. Reactive oxygen species af-fect mitochondrial electron transport complex I activity through oxidative cardiolipin damage. Gene 2002; 286:135–141.
- KowaId A. The mitochondrial theory of aging: Do damaged mitochondria accu-mulate by delayed degradation? Exp Gerontol 1999; 34:605–612.
- Johns DR. 1995. Seminars in medicine of Beth Israel Hospital, Boston: Mito-chondrial DNA and Disease. New Engl J Med 1995; 333:638–44.