622
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
MAJOR REVIEW

Health and Social Impacts of Tobacco Production

&
Pages 71-81 | Received 21 Jul 2006, Accepted 06 Nov 2006, Published online: 11 Oct 2008

References

  • Hatsukami , D K , Lemmonds , C and Tomar , S L. 2004 . Smokeless tobacco use: harm reduction or induction approach? . Prev Med , 38 ( 3 ) : 309 – 317 .
  • Mallampalli , A and Guntupalli , K K. 2006 . Smoking and systemic disease . Clin Occup Environ Med , 5 ( 1 ) : 173 – 192 .
  • of tobacco production . 2003 . Food and Agriculture Organization Rome Available from: http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/006/Y4956E/Y4956E00.HTM[cited 2006 Oct 16]. consumption and trade to the year 2010
  • Arcury , T A , Quandt , S A , Preisser , J S , Bernert , J T , Norton , D and Wang , J. 2003 . High levels of transdermal nicotine exposure produce green tobacco sickness in Latino farmworkers . Nicotine Tob Res , 5 ( 3 ) : 315 – 321 .
  • Curwin , B D , Hein , M J , Sanderson , W T , Nishioka , M G and Buhler , W. 2005 . Nicotine exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands . Ann Occup Hyg , 49 ( 5 ) : 407 – 413 .
  • Gehlbach , S H , Williams , W A , Perry , L D and Woodall , J S. 1974 . Green-tobacco sickness. An illness of tobacco harvesters . JAMA , 229 ( 14 ) : 1880 – 1883 .
  • Benowitz , N L , Zevin , S and Jacob , P 3rd. 1997 . Sources of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking . Br J Clin Pharmacol , 43 ( 3 ) : 259 – 267 .
  • Quandt , S A , Arcury , T A , Preisser , J S , Norton , D and Austin , C. 2000 . Migrant farmworkers and green tobacco sickness: new issues for an understudied disease . Am J Ind Med , 37 ( 3 ) : 307 – 315 .
  • Ballard , T , Ehlers , J , Freund , E , Auslander , M , Brandt , V and Halperin , W. 1995 . Green tobacco sickness: occupational nicotine poisoning in tobacco workers . Arch Environ Health , 50 ( 5 ) : 384 – 389 .
  • for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) . 1993 . Green tobacco sickness in tobacco harvesters-Kentucky . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , 42 ( 13 ) : 237 – 240 . 1992
  • Edmonson , W D. 1996 . Green tobacco sickness (bradycardia in a young farmer) . J Tenn Med Assoc , 89 : 85 – 86 .
  • 1975 . [No authors listed]. Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco . Lancet , 1 ( 7905 ) : 478 – 480 .
  • Ghosh , S K , Gokani , V N , Parikh , J R , Doctor , P B , Kashyap , S K and Chatterjee , B B. 1987 . Protection against “green symptoms” from tobacco in Indian harvesters: a preliminary intervention study . Arch Environ Health , 42 ( 2 ) : 121 – 124 .
  • Ghosh , S K , Parikh , J R , Gokani , V N , Kashyap , S K and Chatterjee , S K. 1979 . Studies on occupational health problems during agricultural operation of Indian tobacco workers: a preliminary survey report . J Occup Med , 21 ( 1 ) : 45 – 47 .
  • Ghosh , S K , Parikh , J R , Gokani , V N , Rao , M N , Kashyap , S K and Chatterjee , S K. 1980 . Studies on occupational health problems in agricultural tobacco workers . J Soc Occup Med. , 30 ( 3 ) : 113 – 117 .
  • Ives , T J. 1983 . Use of dimenhydrinate in the treatment of green tobacco sickness . Drug Intell Clin Pharm , 17 ( 7–8 ) : 548 – 549 .
  • McKnight , R H , Levine , E J and Rodgers , G C Jr. 1994 . Detection of green tobacco sickness by a regional poison center . Vet Hum Toxicol , 36 : 505 – 510 .
  • Swinker , M and Meredith , J T. 2000 . A seizure in the tobacco field. Green tobacco sickness . N C Med J , 61 ( 1 ) : 390 – 392 .
  • Weizenecker , R and Deal , W B. 1970 . Tobacco cropper's sickness . J Fla Med Assoc , 57 ( 12 ) : 13 – 14 .
  • Arcury , T A , Quandt , S A , Preisser , J S and Norton , D. 2001 . The incidence of green tobacco sickness among Latino farmworkers . J Occup Environ Med , 43 : 601 – 609 .
  • Trape-Cardoso , M , Bracker , A , Grey , M , Kaliszewski , M , Oncken , C , Ohannessian , C , Barrera , L V and Gould , B. 2003 . Shade tobacco and green tobacco sickness in Connecticut . J Occup Environ Med , 45 ( 6 ) : 656 – 661 .
  • Arcury , T A , Quandt , S A and Preisser , J S. 2001 . Predictors of incidence and prevalence of green tobacco sickness among Latino farmworkers in North Carolina, USA . J Epidemiol Community Health , 55 ( 11 ) : 818 – 824 .
  • Quandt , S A , Arcury , T A , Preisser , J S , Bernert , J T and Norton , D. 2001 . Environmental and behavioral predictors of salivary cotinine in Latino tobacco workers . J Occup Environ Med , 43 ( 10 ) : 844 – 852 .
  • Trape-Cardoso , M , Bracker , A , Dauser , D , Oncken , C , Barrera , L V , Gould , B and Grey , M R. 2005 . Cotinine levels and green tobacco sickness among shade-tobacco workers . J Agromedicine , 10 ( 2 ) : 27 – 37 .
  • Parikh , J R , Gokani , V N , Doctor , P B , Kulkarni , P K , Shah , A R and Saiyed , H N. 2005 . Acute and chronic health effects due to green tobacco exposure in agricultural workers . Am J Ind Med. , 47 ( 6 ) Jun : 494 – 499 .
  • Doctor , P B , Gokani , V N , Kulkarni , P K , Parikh , J R and Saiyed , H N. 2004 . Determination of nicotine and cotinine in tobacco harvesters' urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography . J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci , 802 ( 2 ) : 323 – 328 .
  • Misumi , J , Koyama , W and Miura , J. 1983 . 2 cases of “green tobacco disease” among tobacco harvesters and percutaneous nicotine absorption in rats . Sangyo Igaku , 25 ( 1 ) : 3 – 9 .
  • D'Alessandro , A , Benowitz , N L , Muzi , G , Eisner , M D , Filiberto , S , Fantozzi , P , Montanari , L and Abbritti , G. 2001 . Systemic nicotine exposure in tobacco harvesters . Arch Environ Health , 56 ( 3 ) : 257 – 263 .
  • Onuki , M , Yokoyama , K , Kimura , K , Sato , H , Nordin , R B , Naing , L , Morita , Y , Sakai , T , Kobayashi , Y and Araki , S. 2003 . Assessment of urinary cotinine as a marker of nicotine absorption from tobacco leaves: a study on tobacco farmers in Malaysia . J Occup Health , 45 ( 3 ) : 140 – 145 .
  • Cope , W G , Avery , R C , Storm , J F and Luginbuhl , R C. 1999 . Pesticides & Human Health: Tobacco (Growers Version) , Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University Cooperative Extension Service Press . Publication AG-MED-15
  • Ducar , J T and Whitty , E B. 2001 . Weeds in the sunshine: Weed management in tobacco-2002 , Gainesville, FL : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences . (University of Florida, Publication SS-AGR-01.)
  • Lonsway , J A , Byers , M E , Dowla , H A , Panemangalore , M and Antonious , G F. 1997 . Dermal and respiratory exposure of mixers/sprayers to acephate, methamidophos, and endosulfan during tobacco production . Bull Environ Contam Toxicol , 59 ( 2 ) : 179 – 186 .
  • Curwin , B D , Hein , M J , Sanderson , W T , Nishioka , M and Buhler , W. 2003 . Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands . J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol , 13 ( 3 ) : 203 – 210 .
  • Ohayo-Mitoko , G JA , Heederik , D JJ , Kromhout , H , Omondi , B EO and Boleij , J SM . 1997 . Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition as an Indicator of Organophosphate and Carbamate Poisoning in Kenyan Agricultural Workers . Int J Occup Environ Health , 3 ( 3 ) : 210 – 220 .
  • Ohayo-Mitoko , G J , Kromhout , H , Simwa , J M , Boleij , J S and Heederik , D. 2000 . Self reported symptoms and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity among Kenyan agricultural workers . Occup Environ Med , 57 ( 3 ) : 195 – 200 .
  • Cornwall , J E , Ford , M L , Liyanage , T S and Win Kyi Daw , D. 1995 . Risk assessment and health effects of pesticides used in tobacco farming in Malaysia . Health Policy Plan , 10 ( 4 ) : 431 – 437 .
  • Panemangalore , M , Dowla , H A and Byers , M E. 1999 . Occupational exposure to agricultural chemicals: effect on the activities of some enzymes in the blood of farm workers . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 72 ( 2 ) : 84 – 88 .
  • Dowla , H A , Panemangalore , M and Byers , M E. 1996 . Comparative inhibition of enzymes of human erythrocytes and plasma in vitro by agricultural chemicals . Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , 31 ( 1 ) : 107 – 114 .
  • Salvi , R M , Lara , D R , Ghisolfi , E S , Portela , L V , Dias , R D and Souza , D O. 2003 . Neuropsychiatric evaluation in subjects chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides . Toxicol Sci , 72 ( 2 ) : 267 – 271 .
  • Stallones , L and Beseler , C. 2002 . Pesticide poisoning and depressive symptoms among farm residents . Ann Epidemiol , 12 ( 6 ) : 389 – 394 .
  • Jamal , G A , Hansen , S , Pilkington , A , Buchanan , D , Gillham , R A , Abdel-Azis , M , Julu , P O , Al-Rawas , S F , Hurley , F and Ballantyne , J P. 2002 . A clinical neurological, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological study of sheep farmers and dippers exposed to organophosphate pesticides . Occup Environ Med , 59 ( 7 ) : 434 – 441 .
  • Diaz-Romo , P. 1994 . Huicholes and pesticides , Mexico : Diaz-Romo Production .
  • Yanez , L , Ortiz , D , Calderon , J , Batres , L , Carrizales , L , Mejia , J , Martinez , L , Garcia-Nieto , E and Diaz-Barriga , F. 2002 . Overview of human health and chemical mixtures: problems facing developing countries . Environ Health Perspect , 110 ( Suppl 6 ) : 901 – 909 .
  • Smith , C. 2001 . Pesticide exports from U.S. ports, 1997–2000 . Int J Occup Environ Health , 7 ( 4 ) : 266 – 274 .
  • Ecobichon , D J. 2001 . Pesticide use in developing countries . Toxicology , 160 ( 1–3 ) : 27 – 33 .
  • Andreatta , S L. 1998 . Agrochemical exposure and farmworker health in the Caribbean: A local/global perspective . Hum Organ , 57 : 350 – 358 .
  • Osim , E E , Musabayane , C T and Mufunda , J. 1998 . Lung function of Zimbabwean farm workers exposed to flue curing and stacking of tobacco leaves . S Afr Med J , 88 ( 9 ) : 1127 – 1131 .
  • Pugh , K J , Pienkowski , D and Gorczyca , J T. 2000 . Musculoskeletal trauma in tobacco farming . Orthopedics , 23 ( 2 ) : 141 – 143 .
  • Struttmann , T W and Reed , D K. 2002 . Injuries to tobacco farmers in Kentucky . South MedJ , 95 ( 8 ) : 850 – 856 .
  • Browning , S R , Westneat , S C , Donnelly , C and Reed , D. 2003 . Agricultural tasks and injuries among Kentucky farm children: results of the Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project . South Med J , 96 ( 12 ) : 1203 – 1212 .
  • Reeve , R. 1998 . “ Virginia Tobacco Communities Project: A search for common ground ” . In Tobacco Farming: Current Challenges and Future Alternatives , Chapel Hill, NC : Center for the Study of the American South . Southern Research Report #10
  • Altman , D G and Goldstein , A O. 1998 . “ The federal tobacco price support program and public health ” . In Tobacco Farming: Current Challenges and Future Alternatives , Chapel Hill, NC : Center for the Study of the American South . Southern Research Report #10
  • Stull , D D. 2000 . Tobacco barns and chicken houses: agricultural transformation in western Kentucky . Hum Organ , 59 : 151 – 161 .
  • Wing , S , Cole , D and Grant , G. 2000 . Environmental injustice in North Carolina's hog industry . Environ Health Perspect , 108 ( 3 ) : 225 – 231 .
  • Ramsey , D and Smit Rural , B. 2002 . Community well-being: models and application to changes in the tobacco-belt in Ontario, Canada . Geoforum , 33 : 367 – 384 .
  • Altman , D G , Rosenquist , V , McBride , J S , Bailey , B and Austin , D. 2000 . Churches, tobacco farmers, and community sustainability: insights from the tobacco South . J Community Psychol , 28 ( 2 ) : 151 – 168 .
  • Ramsey , D and Smit , B. 2001 . Impacts of changes in the flue-cured tobacco sector on farmers in Ontario, Canada . Appl Geogr , 21 : 347 – 368 .
  • Chacha , B K. Killing Trees to Cure Forests: Ethnicity, Economy, and Environment . Conference Proceedings . Nairobi, , Kenya : Great Lakes Colleges Association, University of Nairobi . From pastoralists to tobacco peasants: The British American Tobacco (B.A.T.) and socioecological change in Kuria District, Kenya, 1969–1999
  • Mosoba , M T. 2003 . Gender and health implications in tobacco farming: The case of the Kuria District . Amanitare African Reproductive and Sexual Health Rights Conference . February 4–7 2003 . Johannesburg, , South Africa
  • Otanez , M G , Muggli , M E and Hurt , R D . 2006 . Glantz. Eliminating child labour in Malawi: a British American Tobacco corporate responsibility project to sidestep tobacco labour exploitation . Tob Control , 15 ( 3 ) : 224 – 230 .
  • McKnight , R H and Spiller , H A. 2005 . Green tobacco sickness in children and adolescents . Public Health Rep , 120 : 602 – 605 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.