Affordable Financial Services and Credit for the Poor

References

• Aspen Institute . 2002 . 2002 Directory of Microenterprise Programs. Highlights from the 2002 Directory Retrieved November 10, 2003, from http://www.fieldus.org/directory
   Google Scholar
• Bachelder , E. and Ditzion , S. 2000 . Survey of non-bank financial institutions for Department of the Treasury: Final report , Boston, MA : Dove Consulting .
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee , M. M. 1998 . Micro-enterprise development: A response to poverty . Journal of Community Practice , 5 ( 1/2 ) : 63 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Banerjee , M. M. 2002 . Voicing realities and recommending reform in PRWORA . Social Work , 47 ( 3 ) : 315 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boher , C. 1995 . CRA and HMDA: Tools for reinvestment . Shelterforce , 3 ( 81 ) : 13 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Boshara , R. 2001 . Building assets: A report on the asset-development and IDA field , Washington, D.C. : Corporation for Enterprise Development .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , A. and Zellmer , M. 1995 . Strategic opportunities in serving low to moderate income members , Madison, WI : Filene Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Bush , M. and Smith , G. 2003 . Community development banks substantially outscore other banks in serving low-income and minority communities: Implications for the federal budget and the Community Reinvestment Act . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , January : 1 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , J. H. and Schuetz , J. 2001 . Financial services in distressed communities: Framing the issue, finding solutions , Washington, D.C. : Fannie Mae Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. 1994a . Fringe banking: Check-cashing outlets, pawnshops and the poor , New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. 1994b . Bank representation in low-income and minority urban communities . Urban Affairs Quarterly , 29 ( 4 ) : 617 – 638 .
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. 1997 . Low income Americans, higher cost financial services , Madison, WI : Filene Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. 1999 . Credit unions and asset accumulation by lower-income households , Madison, WI : Filene Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. January 2002a . “ Bringing unbanked households into the banking system ” . In A Capital Xchange Journal Article prepared for The Brookings Institution , January , the Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy and the Harvard University Joint Center for Housing Studies . Retrieved January 8, 2004, from http://www.woodstockinst.org
   Google Scholar
• Caskey , J. P. 2002b . Check-cashing outlets in a changing financial system , Working paper No. 02-4 Philadelphia : Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.phil.frb.org
   Google Scholar
• Clark , P. , Kays , A. , Zandniapour , L. , Soto , E. and Doyle , K. 1999 . Microenterprise and the Poor: Findings from the Self-Employment Learning Project Five-Year Study of Microentrepreneurs , Washington, D.C. : Aspen Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Dailey , C. 2001 . “ IDA practice ” . In Building assets: A report on the asset-development and IDA field , Edited by: Boshara , R. 51 – 64 . Washington, D.C. : Corporation for Enterprise Development .
   Google Scholar
• Glasberg , D. S. and Skidmore , D. 1997 . Corporate welfare policy and the welfare state: Bank deregulation and the savings and loan bailout , New York : Aldine de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Green , G. P. and Haines , A. 2002 . Asset building and community development , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Haveman , R. 2001 . “ Toward the spread of asset ownership ” . In Assets for the poor: The benefits of spreading asset ownership , Edited by: Shapiro , T. M. and Wolff , E. N. 363 – 377 . New York : Russell Sage Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Hermanson , S. and Gaberlavage , G. 2001 . The alternative financial service industry , Data Digest #51 AARP Public Policy Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Howell , L. A. 2000 . The dimensions of microenterprise: A critical look at microenterprise as a tool to alleviate poverty . Journal of Affordable Housing and Community Development , 9 ( 2 ) : 161 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Jacob , K. 2003a . CRA, financial modernization and the policy implications of insurance company involvement in banking for low-income populations . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 24 : 1 – 14 . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.wood stockinstit.org
   Google Scholar
• Jacob , K. and Bush , M. 2003 . CRA and CDFI revisited: The importanceof bank investments for the community development financial institutions industry and implications for CRA regulatory review . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 20 : 1 – 8 . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.woodstockinstit.org
   Google Scholar
• Jacob , K. , Bush , M. and Immergluck , D. 2002 . Rhetoric and reality: An analysis of mainstream credit unions' record of serving low income people Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.woodstockinst.org
   Google Scholar
• Langer , J. A. , Orwick , J. A. and Kays , A. J. 1999 . Directory of U.S. microenterprise programs , Washington, D.C. : Aspen Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Lansing , P. and Casper , J. S. 2001 . The paycheck anticipation loan: The new alternative to consumer banking . American Business Review , 19 ( 1 ) : 58 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewison , M. 1999 . Conflicts of interest: The ethics of usury . Journal of Business Ethics , 22 ( 4 ) : 327 – 339 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light , I. and Pham , M. 1998 . Beyond creditworthy: Microcredit and informal credit in the United States . Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship , 3 ( 1 ) : 35 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Manning , R. D. 2000 . Credit card nation , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Nieman , K. and Bush , M. 2002 . Doing well while doing good: The growth of community development banks, 1992–2001 . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert, September , : 1 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Nieman , K. and Bush , M. 2003 . Community development banks substantially outscore other banks in serving low-income and minority communities: Implications for the federal budget and the Community Reinvestment Act . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 19 : 1 – 12 . Retrieved January 15, 2004, from www.woodstockinstit.org.
   Google Scholar
• Raheim , S. 1997 . Problems and prospects of self-employment as an economic independence option for welfare recipients . Social Work , 42 ( 1 ) : 44 – 53 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , C. K. 2002 . The impact of microenterprise assistance programs: A comparative study of program participants, nonparticipants, and other low-wage workers . Social Service Review , 76 ( 2 ) : 321 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiner , M. 1999 . Self-employment, microenterprise, and the poorest Americans . Social Service Review , 73 ( 4 ) : 496 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schreiner , M. and Woller , G. 2003 . Microenterprise development programs in the United States and the developing world . World Development , 31 ( 9 ) : 1567 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servon , L. J. 1997 . Microenterprise programs in U.S. inner cities: Economic development or social welfare? . Economic Development Quarterly , 11 ( 2 ) : 166 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servon , L. J. and Bates , T. 1998 . Microenterprise as an exit route from poverty: Recommendations for programs and policy makers . Journal of Urban Affairs , 20 ( 4 ) : 419 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro , T. M. and Wolff , E. N. 2001 . Assets for the poor: The benefits of spreading asset ownership , New York : Russell Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Sherraden , M. 1991 . Assets and the poor , Armonk, New York : M.E. Sharpe .
   Google Scholar
• Sherraden , M. and Sherraden , M. 2001 . Asset building: Integrating research, education and practice . Advances in Social Work , 1 ( 1 ) : 61 – 77 .
   Google Scholar
• Squires , G. D. and O'Connor , S. 1998 . Fringe banking in Milwaukee: The rise of check-cashing business and emergence of a two-tiered banking system . Urban Affairs Review , 34 ( 1 ) : 126 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegman , M. 1997 . EFT '99 , Chapel Hill, North Carolina : Center for Community Capitalism .
   Google Scholar
• Stoesz , D. and Saunders , D. 1999 . Welfare capitalism: A new approach to poverty policy? . Social Service Review , 73 ( 3 ) : 380 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiles , M. and Immergluck , D. 2000 . Unregulated payday lending pulls vulnerable consumers into spiraling debt . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 14 March : 1 – 9 . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.woodstockinstit.org
   Google Scholar
• Williams , M. 2000 . Community-bank partnerships creating opportunities for the unbanked . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 15 June : 1 – 17 . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.woodstockinst.org
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , M. and Smolik , K. 2001 . Affordable alternatives to payday loans: Examples from community development credit unions . Woodstock Institute Reinvestment Alert , 16 March : 1 – 10 . Retrieved January 4, 2004, from www.woodstockinstit.org
   Google Scholar