Longitudinal Study of Psychological Distress Symptoms in HIV-Infected, School-Aged Children

References

• Achenbach , T. M. 1991 . Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist 14–18 and 1991 Profile , Burlington , VT : University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry .
   Google Scholar
• Achenbach , T. M. , McConaughy , S. H. and Howell , L. T. 1987 . Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity . Psychological Bulletin , 10 : 213 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin , J. K. and Huberty , T. J. 1993 . Development of the child attitude towards illness scale . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 18 : 467 – 480 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkley , R. A. 1990 . “ Associated problems, subtyping, and etiologies ” . In Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatments , Edited by: Barkley , R. A. 77 – 105 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. 1967 . Depression, Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Aspects , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. and Steer , R. A. 1987 . Beck depression inventory: Manual , New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Billings , A. G. , Moos , R. H. , Miller , J. J. III and Gottlieb , J. E. 1987 . Psychosocial adaptation in juvenile rheumatic disease: A controlled evaluation . Health Psychology , 6 : 343 – 359 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanche , S. , Tardiu , M. Duliege , A. 1990 . Longitudinal study of 94 symptomatic infants with maternal/fetal HIV infection: Evidence for a bimodal expression of clinical and biological symptoms . American Journal of the Diseases of Childhood , 144 : 1210 – 1215 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blanche , S. , Mayaux , M. J. , Rouzioux , D. , Teglas , J. P. , Firtion , G. , Monpouxz , F. , Ciraru-Vigneron , N. , Meier , F. , Tricoire , J. and Courpolin , C. 1994 . Relation of the course of HIV infection in children to the severity of the disease in their mothers at delivery . NEngl JMed , 330 ( 5 ) : 308 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bose , S. , Moss , H. , Brouwers , P. , Lorion , R. and Pizzo , P. A. 1994 . Psychological adjustment of HIV-infected school age children . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 15 ( 3 ) : 26 – S33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau , N. 1985 . Psychiatric disorder in children with physical disabilities . Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry , 24 : 87 – 94 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown , L. K. , Schultz , J. R. and Gragg , R. A. 1995 . HIV-infected adolescents with hemophilia: Adaptation and coping . Pediatrics , 96 ( 3 ) : 459 – 463 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussing , R. and Burket , R. C. 1993 . Anxiety and intrafamilial stress in children with hemophilia after the HIV crisis . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 : 562 – 567 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , K. M. , Husson , R. N. , Balis , F. M. , Brouwers , P. , Eddy , J. , El-Amin , D. , Gress , J. , Hawkins , M. , Jarosinski , P. , Moss , H. , Poplack , D. , Santacroce , S. , Venzon , D. , Wiener , L. , Wolters , P. and Pizzo , P. A. 1991 . Dideoxyinosine in children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection . New England Journal of Medicine , 324 ( 3 ) : 137 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadman , D. , Boyle , M. , Szatman , P. and Offord , D. R. 1987 . Chronic illness, disability, and mental health and social well-being: Findings of the Ontario Child Health Study . Pediatrics , 79 : 805 – 813 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , M. B. , Mascola , L. , Smith , W. , Thomas , P. , Hsu , H-W , Maldunado , Y , Parrott , R. , Byers , R. , Oxtoby , M. and the Pediatric Spectrum of Disease Clinical Consortium . 1992 . Biologic, foster, and adoptive parents: Caregivers of children exposed perinataliy to human immunodeficiency virus in the United States . Pediatrics , 90 ( 4 ) : 603 – 607 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caning , E. H. , Hanser , S. B. , Shade , K. A. and Boyce , W. T. 1993 . Maternal distress and discrepancy in reports of psycholpathology in chronically ill children . Psychosomatic.? , 34 : 506 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1997 . t-f/V/AFDS Surveillance Report , 9 ( 1 ) : 8 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Chase , C , Vibbert , M. , Pelton , S. I. , Coulter , D. L. and Cabral , H. 1995 . Early neuro-developmental growth in children with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency vims infection . Arch Pediatr Ado/esc Med , 149 ( 8 ) : 850 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Civitello , L. A. , Brouwers , P. and Pizzo , P. A. 1993 . Neurological and neuropsycho-logical manifestations in 120 children with symptomatic Human Immunodeficiency virus infection . Annals of Neurotogy , 34 : 481 [Abstract #122]
   Google Scholar
• Daniels , D. , Moos , R. H. , Billings , A. G. and Miller , J. J. 1987 . Psychosocial risk and resistance factors among children with chronic illness, healthy siblings, and healthy controls . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 15 ( 2 ) : 295 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , E. , Fennoy , I. , Laraque , D. , Kanem , N. , Brown , G. and Mitchell , J. 1992 . Autism and developmental abnormalities in children with perinatal cocaine exposure . Journal of the National Medical Association , 84 : 315 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drotar , D. D. , Agle , D. P. , Eckle , C. L. and Thompson , P. A. 1995 . Psychological response to HIV positivity in hemophilia . Pediatrics , 96 ( 6 ) : 1062 – 1069 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drotar , D. D. 1997 . Relating parent and family functioning to the psychological adjustment of children with chronic health conditions: What have we learned? What do we need to know? . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 22 : 149 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englund , J. A. , Baker , C. J. , Raskino , C , McKinney , R. E. , Lifschitz , M. H. , Petrie , B. , Fowler , M. G. , Connor , J. D. , Mendez , H. , O'Donnell , K. , Wara , D. W. and ACTG 152 Study Team . 1996 . Clinical and laboratory characteristics of a large cohort of symptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-infected infants and children . Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , 15 : 1025 – 36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Collaborative Study . 1990 . Neurologic signs in young children with human immunodeficiency virus infection . Pediatr Infect Dis J , 9 : 402 – 406 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubman , S. , Gross , B. Lerner-Weiss , N. 1995 . Older children and adolescents living with perinataliy acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection . Pediatrics , 95 : 657 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Havens , J. E. , Whiraker , A. H. , Feldman , J. F. and Ehrhardt , A. A. 1994 . Psychiatric morbidity in school-age children with congenital Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection: A pilot study . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 15 ( Suppl ) : 18 – S25 .
   Google Scholar
• Hooper , S. R. , Whitt , J. K. , Tennison , M. , Burchinal , M. , Gold , S. and Hall , C. 1993 . Behavioral adaptation to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-seropositive status in children and adolescents with hemophilia . Behavioral Adaptation , 147 : 541 – 545 .
   Google Scholar
• Kovacs , M. , Brent , D. , Steinberg , T. F. , Paulauskas , S. and Reid , J. 1986 . Children's self-reports of psychological adjustment and coping strategies during first year of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus . Diabetes Care , 9 : 472 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne , J. V. and Faier-Routman , J. 1993 . Correlates of psychological adjustment to pediatric physical disorders: A meta-analytic review and comparison with existing models . Journal of Developmental and Behaviroal Pediatrics , 14 : 117 – 123 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobato , M. N. , Caldwell , M. B. , Ng , P. , Oxtoby , M. J. and Consortium PSoDC . 1995 . Ence-phalopathy in children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection . Journal of Pediatrics. , 126 : 710 – 715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos , R. H. and Moos , B. S. 1993 . Family Environment Scale Manual () , 2nd ed , Palo Alto , CA : Consulting Psychologists Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Moss , H. A. , Wolters , P L. , Brouwers , P. , Hendricks , M. L. and Pizzo , P A. 1996 . Impairment of expressive behavior in pediatric HIV-infected patients with evidence of CNS disease . Pediatr Psycho L , 27 ( 1 ) : 379 – 400 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss , H. A. , Brouwers , P. , Wolters , P L. , Wiener , L , Hersh , S. and Pizzo , P. A. 1994 . The development of a O-sort behavioral rating procedure for pediatric HIV patients . J Pediatr Psycho! , 9 ( 1 ) : 27 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pless , I. B. and Roghmann , K. 1971 . Chronic illness and its consequences: Based on three epidemiological surveys . Journal of Pediatrics , 79 : 351 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pless , I. B. 1984 . Clinical assessment: Physical and psychological functioning . Pediatric Clinics of North America , 31 : 33 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pless , I. B. , Roghmann , K. and Haggerty , R. J. 1972 . Chronic illness, family functioning and psychological adjustment: A model for the allocation of preventive mental health services . International Journal of Epidemiology , 1 ( 3 ) : 271 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddel , J. and Moon , M. W. 1996 . Children with HIV becoming adolescents: caring for long-term survivors . Pediatric Nursing , 22 ( 3 ) : 220 – 227 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Riekert , K. , Wiener , L. , Battles , H. and Drotar , D. Prediction of psychological distress in school-age children with HIV . Children's Health Care. , (in press)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodning , C. , Beckwith , L. and Howard , J. 1989 . Characteristics of attachment organization and play organization in prenatally drug-exposed toddlers . Developmental and Psychopathology , 1 : 277 – 289 .
   Google Scholar
• Roelofs , K. , Wolters , P. , Fernandezcarol , C , van der Vlugt , H. , Moss , H. and Brouwers , P. 1996 . Impairments in expressive emotional language in children with symptomatic HIV infection: Relation with brain abnormalities and immune function . Journal of the International Newopsychological Society , Abstract
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , C M. and Morrow , L. A. 1986 . Self-esteem in diabetic adolescents: Relationship between age at onset and, gender . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 54 : 730 – 731 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwab-Stone , M. , Fallon , T. , Briggs , M and Crowther , B. 1994 . Reliability of diagnostic reporting for children aged 6–11 years: A test-retest of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Revised . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 1048 – 1054 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shulman , S. , Fisch , R. O. , Zempel , C. E. , Gadish , O. and Chang , P. N. 1991 . Children with phenylketonuria: The interface of family and child functioning . Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 12 : 315 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger , C. D. 1983 . Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAl Form Y) , Palo Alto : Consulting Psychologists Press .
   Google Scholar
• Steinhausen , H. , Schindler , H. and Slephan , H. 1983 . Correlates of psychopathology in sick children: An empirical model . Journal of American Academy of Child Psychiatry , 22 : 559 – 564 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson , R. J. Jr , Hodges , K. and Hamlett , K. W. 1990 . A matched comparison of adjustment in children with cystic fibrosis and psychiatrically referred and nonre-ferred children . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 15 ( 6 ) : 745 – 759 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. J. Jr. , Gustafson , K. E. , Hamlett , K. W. and Spock , A. 1992 . Psychological adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis: The rale of child cognitive processes and Maternal adjustment . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 17 ( 6 ) : 741 – 755 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. J. Jr and Gustafson , K. E. 1996 . Adaptation to chronic chitdliood illness , Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. J. Jr , Gustafson , K. E. , George , L. K. and Spook , A. 1994 . Change over a 12-month period in the psychologcial adjustment of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis . Journal of Pediatric Psycholgoy , 19 : 189 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , R. J. Jr , Gii , K. M. , Keith , B. R. , Gustafson , K. E. , George , L. K. and Kinney , T. R. 1994 . Psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease: Stability and change over a 10 month period . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 62 : 856 – 860 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tovo , P. A. , DeMartino , M. , Gabiano , C , Cappello , N. , D'Elia , R. , Loy , A. , Plebani , A. , Zuccotti , G. V. , Dallacasa , P. Ferraris , G. 1992 . Prognostic factors and survival in children with perinatal HIV infection . Lancet , 339 : 449 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valla , J. P. , Bergeron , L. , Berube , R and Gaudet , N. 1994 . A structured pictorial questionnaire to assess DSM-III-R based diagnoses in children (6–11 years): Development, validity and reliability . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 22 : 403 – 423 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valla , J. P. , Bergeron , L. , Bidaut-Russell , M , St-Georges , M and Gaudet , N. 1997 . Reliability of the Dominic-R: A young child mental health questionnaire combining visual and autditory stimuli . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 38 ( 6 ) : 717 – 724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallander , J. L. , Varni , J. W. , Babani , L. , Banis , H. T. and Wilcox , K. T. 1988 . Children with chronic physical disorders: Maternal reports of their psychological adjustment . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 13 : 197 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker , L. S. , Ortiz-Valdes and Newbrough , J. R. 1989 . The role of maternal employment and depression in the psycholgocial adjustment of chronically ill mentally retarded and well children . Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 14 : 357 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallander , J. L. and Thompson , R. J. Jr. 1995 . “ Psychosocial adjustment of children witli chronic physical conditions ” . In Handbook of Pediatric Psychology , 2nd edition , Edited by: Robers , M D . 124 – 141 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , D. and Clark , L. 1984 . Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states . Psychological Bulletin , 96 : 465 – 490 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiener , L. , Fair , C and Pizzo , P A. 1993 . “ Care for the child with HIV infection and AIDS ” . In Hospice Care for Children , Edited by: Armstrong-Dailey , A. and Goiter , S. Z. 85 – 104 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wiener , L. , Fair , C and Granowsky , R. “ Psychosocial aspects of neurologic impairment in children with AIDS ” . In Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of HIV-l Infection , Edited by: Gendelman , H. , Lipton , S. , Epstein , L. and Swindells , S. New York : Chapman & Hall Publishers . (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Wiener , L. S. and Septimus , A. 1994 . “ Psychosocial support for the child and family ” . In Pediatric AIDS , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Pizzo , P. A. and Wilfert , C. M. 809 – 828 . Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins MD .
   Google Scholar
• The Working Committee on HIV . 1996 . Children, and Families. Families in Crisis , New York : Federation of Protestant Welfare Agencies .
   Google Scholar