Patterns of Attachment and the Etiology of Dissociative Disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder

References

• Ainsworth , M. , Blehar , M. , Waters , E. and Wall , S. 1978 . Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , C. L. and Alexander , P. C. 1996 . The relationship between attachment and dissociation in adult survivors of incest . Psychiatry , 59 : 240 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 727 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1969 . Attachment and loss , vol. 1 , London : Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1973 . Attachment and loss , vol. 2 , London : Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bowlby , J. 1980 . Attachment and loss , vol. 3 , London : Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. A. 1998 . A prospective longitudinal study of disorganized/disoriented attachment . Child Development , 69 : 1970 – 1979 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. , eds. 1999 . Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coe , M. T. , Dalenberg , C. , Aransky , K. M. and Reto , C. S. 1995 . Adult attachment style, reported childhood violence history and types of dissociative experiences . Dissociation , 8 : 142 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1992 . Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified: A clinical investigation of 50 cases with suggestions for typology and treatment . Dissociation , 5 : 187 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1994 . Confirmation of childhood abuse in child and adolescent cases of multiple personality disorder and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 182 : 461 – 464 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. and Milstein , V. 1986 . Psychosexual disturbances in multiple personality: Characteristics, etiology and treatment . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 47 : 106 – 110 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Steele , H. and Steele , M. 1991 . Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant-mother attachment at one year of age . Child Development , 62 : 891 – 905 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy , P. , Steele , M. , Steele , H. , Leigh , T. , Kennedy , R. , Matton , G. and Target , M. 1995 . “ Attachment, the reflective self, and borderline states: The predictive specificity of the Adult Attachment Interview and pathological emotional development ” . In Attachment theory: Social, developmental and clinical perspectives , Edited by: Goldberg , S. , Muir , R. and Kerr , J. 233 – 278 . Hillsdale, NJ : Analytic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gunderson , J. G. and Sabo , A. N. 1993 . The Phenomenological and conceptual interface between borderline personality disorder and PTSD . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 19 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liotti , G. 1992 . Attachment in the etiology of the dissociative disorders . Dissociation , 5 : 196 – 204 .
   Google Scholar
• Liotti , G. , Intreccialagli , B. and Cecere , F. 1991 . Esperienza di lutto nella madre e predisposizione ai disturbi dissociativi nella prole: Uno studio caso-controllo . Rivista di Psichiatria , 26 : 283 – 291 .
   Google Scholar
• Liotti , G. and Pasquini P., & The Italian Group for the Study of Dissociation . 2000 . Predictive factors for borderline personality disorder: Patients' early traumatic experiences and losses suffered by the attachment figure . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 102 : 282 – 289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons-Ruth , K. and Jacobvitz , D. 1999 . “ Attachment disorganization. Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies ” . In Handbook of attachment , Edited by: Cassidy , J. , Shaker , E. and Phillip , R. 520 – 554 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Main , M. , Kaplan , N. and Cassidy , J. 1985 . Security in infancy, childhood and adulthood: A move to the level of representation . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 50 : 66 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Main , M. and Hesse , E. 1990 . “ Parents' unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infants' disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 161 – 182 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Main , M. and Solomon , J. 1990 . “ Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 121 – 160 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Main , M. and Morgan , H. 1996 . “ Disorganization and disorientation in infant strange situation behavior: Phenotypic resemblance to dissociative states? ” . In Handbook of dissociation , Edited by: Michelson , L. K. and Ray , W. J. 107 – 138 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Miti , G. 1992 . Personalità multiple: Uno studio sui disturbi dissociativi , Roma : Nis . (reprinted by Carocci)
   Google Scholar
• Paris , J. 1993 . Borderline personality disorder: Etiology and treatment , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pasquini , P. , Liotti , G. , Mazzotti , E. , Fassone , G. and Picardi A., & The Italian Group for the Study of Dissociation . 2002 . Risk factors in the early family life of patients suffering from dissociative disorders . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 105 : 110 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele , H. , Steele , M. and Fonagy , P. 1996 . Associations among attachment classifications of mothers, fathers and their infants: Evidence for a relationship-specific perspective . Child Development , 2 : 541 – 545 .
   Google Scholar