Relationship of the Dissociative Experiences Scale to Demographics, Symptomatology, and Coping Strategies in a New Zealand Student Sample

References

• Adityanjee , R. and Khandelwal , S. 1989 . Current status of multiple personality disorder in India . American Journal of Psychiatry , 146 : 1607 – 1610 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th edition , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Barker-Collo , S. L. , Melnyk , W. T. and McDonald-Miszczak , L. 2000 . A cognitive-behavioral model of post-traumatic stress for sexually abused females . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 15 ( 4 ) : 375 – 392 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , A. M. and Power , K. G. 1995 . Dissociative experiences and psychopathological symptomatology in a Scottish sample . Dissociation , 8 : 209 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Berger , D. , Saito , S. , Ono , Y. , Tezuka , I. , Shirahase , J. , Kuboki , T. and Suematsu , H. 1994 . Dissociation and child-abuse histories in an eating disorder cohort in Japan . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 90 : 274 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 174 : 727 – 735 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings , D. W. , Folkman , S. , Acree , M. and Moskowitz , J. T. 2000 . Coping and physical health during caregiving: The roles of positive and negative affect . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 79 ( 1 ) : 131 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings , A. and Moos , R. 1984 . Coping, stress, and social resources among adults with unipolar depression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 94 : 140 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Blalock , J. A. and Joiner , T. E. 2000 . Interaction of cognitive avoidance coping and stress in predicting depression/anxiety . Cognitive Therapy & Research , 24 ( 1 ) : 47 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branscomb , L. 1991 . Dissociation in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder . Dissociation , 4 : 13 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Briere , J. 1988 . The long-term clinical correlates of sexual victimization . Annals of the New York Academy of Science , 528 : 327 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere , J. and Runtz , M. 1988 . Multivariate correlates of childhood psychological and physical maltreatment among university women . Child Abuse and Neglect , 2 : 331 – 341 .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , E. B. and Putnam , F. W. 1993 . Anupdateonthe Dissociative Experiences Scale . Dissociation , 6 : 16 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , L. M. , Berzoff , J. N. and Elin , M. R. 1995 . Dissociative identity disorder: Theoretical and treatment controversies , Northvale, NJ : Aronson .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , F. E. and Ffrench , C. H. 1998 . Dissociation, coping strategies, and locus of control in a non-clinical population: Clinical implications . Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 26 : 113 – 126 .
   Google Scholar
• Coons , P. M. 1992 . Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified . A clinical investigation of 50 cases with suggestion of typology and treatment, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 176 : 519 – 527 .
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. 1983 . SCL-90-R. Symptom Checklist-90-R. Administration, scoring, and procedures manual , Minneapolis, MN : National Computer Systems Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L. R. , Rickles , K. and Rock , A. 1976 . The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale . British Journal of Psychiatry , 128 : 280 – 289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSilva , P. and Ward , A. 1993 . Personality correlates of dissociative experiences . Personality and Individual Differences , 14 : 857 – 859 .
   Google Scholar
• DiTomasso , M. J. and Routh , D. K. 1993 . Recall of abuse in childhood and three measures of dissociation . Child Abuse and Neglect , 17 : 477 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doi , T. 1973 . Omote and ura: Concepts derived from the Japanese two-fold structure of consciousness . Journal of Nervous and mental Disease , 57 : 258 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Ensink , B. and Van Otterloo , D. 1989 . A validation study of the DES in the Netherlands . Dissociation , 2 : 221 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , B. J. , Coman , G. J. , Stanley , R. O. and Burrows , G. D. 1993 . Police officers' coping strategies: An Australian police survey . Stress Medicine , 9 : 237 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Fahy , M. 1988 . The diagnosis of multiple personality disorder: A critical review . British Journal of Psychiatry , 153 : 597 – 606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahy , M. 1992 . Manufacture of multiple personality disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry , 161 : 268 – 269 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folkman , S. 1984 . Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 839 – 852 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R. S. 1988 . Ways of Coping Questionnaire , Palo Alto, CA : Mind Garden .
   Google Scholar
• Frischholz , E. J. , Braun , B. G. , Sachs , R. G. , Hopkins , L. , Schaeffer , D. M. , Lewis , J. , Leavitt , F. , Pasquotto , M. A. and Schwartz , D. R. 1990 . The Dissociative Experiences Scale: Further replication and validation . Dissociation , 3 : 151 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Giolas , M. H. and Sanders , B. 1992 . Pain and suffering as a function of dissociation level and instructional set . Dissociation , 5 : 205 – 209 .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , J. L. , Perry , J. C. and van der Kolk , B. A. 1989 . Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 146 : 490 – 495 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog , D. B. , Staley , J. E. , Carmody , S. and Robbins , W. M. 1993 . Childhood sexual abuse in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A pilot study . Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , 32 : 962 – 966 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz , L. M. , Rosenberg , S. E. , Baer , B. A. , Ureno , G. and Villasenor , V. S. 1988 . Inventory of personality problems: Psychometric properties and clinical implications . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 885 – 892 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyer , L. A. , Albrecht , J. W. , Boudewyns , P. A. , Woods , M. G. and Brandsma , J. 1993 . Dissociative experiences in Vietnam veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychological reports , 73 : 519 – 530 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin , H. 1994 . Proneness to dissociation and traumatic childhood events . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 182 : 456 – 460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopman , C. , Classen , C. , Cardena , E. and Spiegel , D. 1995 . When disaster strikes, brief reactive dissociative disorders may follow . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 29 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krippner , S. 1994 . “ Cross-cultural treatment perspectives on dissociative disorders ” . In Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives , Edited by: Lynn , S. and Rhue , J. 338 – 361 . New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lynn , S. and Rhue , J. 1994 . Dissociation: Clinical and theoretical perspectives , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , P. and Pihama , L. 1994 . The marginalization of Maori women . Hecate , 20 ( 2 ) : 83 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Taboas , A. 1995 . The use of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in Puerto Rico . Dissociation , 8 : 14 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• McCallum , K. E. , Lock , J. , Kulla , M. , Rorty , L. and Wetzel , R. D. 1992 . Dissociative symptoms and disorders in patients with eating disorders . Dissociation , 5 : 227 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Merskey , H. 1992 . The manufacture of personalities: The production of multiple personality disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry , 160 : 327 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merskey , H. 1995 . “ The manufacture of personalities: The production of multiple personality disorder ” . In Dissociative Identity Disorder: Theoretical and treatment controversies , Edited by: Cohen , L. M. , Berzoff , J. N. and Elin , M. R. 3 – 32 . Northvale, NJ : Aronson .
   Google Scholar
• Modestin , J. 1992 . Multiple personality disorder in Switzerland . American Journal of Psychiatry , 149 : 88 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moos , R. H. 1993 . Coping Response Inventory. CRI- Adult form professional manual , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , P. 1994 . Dissociative experiences and dissociative disorders in a non-clinical university student group . Dissociation , 7 : 28 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Noh , S. and Avison , W. R. 1992 . Assessing psychopathology in Korean immigrants: Some preliminary results on the SCL-90 . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 37 : 640 – 645 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overall , J. E. and Spiegel , D. K. 1969 . Concerning least squares analysis of experimental data . Psychological Bulletin , 72 : 311 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paunovic , N. 1998 . Cognitive factors and the maintenance of PTSD . Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy , 27 ( 4 ) : 167 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. and Carlson , E. B. 1996 . “ Hypnosis, dissociation and trauma: Myths, metaphors, and mechanisms ” . In Trauma, memory, and dissociation , Edited by: Bremner , J. D. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , F. W. , Carlson , E. B. , Ross , C. A. , Anderson , G. , Clark , P. , Torem , M. , Bowman , E. S. , Coons , P. , Chu , J. A. , Dill , D. L. , Loewenstein , R. J. and Braun , B. G. 1996 . Patterns of dissociation in clinical and nonclinical samples . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 184 ( 11 ) : 673 – 679 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romans , S. E. , Martin , J. L. , Morris , E. and Herbison , G. P. 1999 . Psychological defense styles in women who report childhood sexual abuse: A controlled community study . American Journal of Psychiatry , 156 : 1080 – 1085 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , E. and Petty , L. 1994 . Dissociative states and disordered eating . American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis , 36 : 266 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , C. , Joshi , S. and Currie , R. 1991 . Dissociative experiences in the general population- A factor-analysis . Hospital and Community Psychiatry , 42 : 297 – 301 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ross , C. , Norton , G. R. and Wozney , K. 1989 . Multiple personality disorder: An analysis of 236 cases . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 34 : 413 – 418 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , S. and Cohen , L. J. 1986 . Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress . American Psychologist , 41 : 813 – 819 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rynearson , E. K. and McCreery , J. M. 1993 . Bereavement after homicide: A synergism of trauma and loss . American Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 258 – 261 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , B. , McRoberts , G. and Tollefson , C. 1998 . Childhood stress and dissociation in a college population . Dissociation , 2 : 12 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Saxe , G. N. , Chinman , G. , Berkowitz , R. , Hall , K. , Lieberg , G. , Schwartz , J. and van der Kolk , B. A. 1994 . Somatization in patients with dissociative disorders . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 1329 – 1334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. 1994 . Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders-Revised (SCID-D-R) , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg , M. 2000 . Advances in the clinical assessment of dissociation: The SCID-D-R . The Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 64 ( 2 ) : 146 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabachnick , B. and Fiddell , L. 1998 . Using multivariate statistics, , 2nd edition , New York : HarperCollins Publishers Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Tanabe , H. and Ogawa , T. 1992 . On the measurement of dissociative experiences: Development of the dissociative experiences scale with a population of Japanese university students . Tsukuba Psychological Research , 14 : 171 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Umesue , M. , Matsuo , T. , Iwata , N. and Tashiro , N. 1996 . Dissociative disorders in Japan: A pilot study with the Dissociative Experiences Scale and semi-structured interview . Dissociation , 9 : 182 – 189 .
   Google Scholar
• Vanderlinden , J. , van Dyck , R. , Vandereycken , W. and Vertommen , H. 1991 . Dissociative experiences in the general population in the Netherlands and Belgium: A study with the Dissociative Questionnaire (DIS-Q) . Dissociation , 4 : 180 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Vanderlinden , J. , van Dyck , R. , Vandereycken , W. and Vertommen , H. 1993 . Dissociative experiences and trauma in eating disorders . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 13 : 187 – 193 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , N. G. , Putnam , F. W. and Carlson , E. B. 1996 . Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences . Psychological Methods , 1 ( 3 ) : 300 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller , N. G. and Ross , C. A. 1997 . The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 106 : 499 – 510 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt , G. E. , Newcomb , M. and Notgrass , C. M. 1991 . “ Internal and external mediators of women's rape experiences ” . In Rape and sexual assault III , Edited by: Wolberg Burgess , A. New York : Garland Publishing, Inc .
   Google Scholar