2,848
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Potassium Management for Optimizing Citrus Production and Quality

, , , , &
Pages 3-43 | Published online: 13 Oct 2008

REFERENCES

  • Ait-Oubahou , A. , El-Otmani , M. , Taraf , R. , Goumari , M. , Talhi , M. , Nadori , E-B. , Ezzoubir , D. and Hanich , M. 2003 . Effect of preharvest application of Ca and K on the incidence of peel pitting of ortune' Mandarin fruit at low-temperature storage . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 414 – 416 .
  • Albrigo , L. G. 1978 . Occurrence and identification of preharvest fruit blemishes in Florida citrus orchards . Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. , 91 : 78 – 81 .
  • Alva , A. K. and Paramasivam , S. 1998a . An evaluation of nutrient removal by citrus fruit . Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. , 111 : 126 – 128 .
  • Alva , A. K. and Paramasivam , S. 1998b . Nitrogen management for high yield and quality of citrus in sandy soils . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 62 : 1335 – 1342 .
  • Alva , A. K. and Tucker , D. P. H. 1998 . Surface decontamination of citrus leaves for macro and micro nutrients analysis . Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. , 110 : 86 – 88 .
  • Alva , A. K. , Fares , A. and Dou , H. 2003 . Managing citrus trees to optimize dry mass and nutrient partitioning . J. Plant Nutr. , 26 : 1541 – 1559 .
  • Alva , A. K. , Graham , J. H. and Anderson , C. A. 1995 . Soil pH and copper effects on young ‘Hamlin’ orange trees . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 59 : 481 – 487 .
  • Alva , A. K. , Paramasivam , S. , Patil , B. , Mattos , D. Jr. , Dou , H. and Sajwan , K. S. Role of potassium on sustainable citrus production . In Proc. Intl. Symp. Role Pot. Sus. Agric. New Delhi, India. pp. 336 – 339 .
  • Bar-Akiva , A. 1977 . Changing goals and modes in use of mineral nutrients in citrus orchards . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 43 – 46 .
  • Bataglia , O. C. , Rodriguez , O. , Hiroce , R. , Gallo , J. R. , Furlani , P. R. and Furlani , A. M. C. 1977 . Composição mineral de frutos cítricos na colheita . Bragantia , 36 : 215 – 221 .
  • Boman , B. J. 1997 . Effectiveness of fall potassium sprays on enhancing grapefruit size . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 110 : 1 – 7 .
  • Boman , B. J. 2001 . Foliar nutrient sprays influence yield and size of ‘Valencia’ orange . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 114 : 83 – 88 .
  • Boman , B. J. 2002 . KNO3 foliar application to ‘Sunburst’ tangerine . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 115 : 6 – 9 .
  • Boman , B. J. and Hebb , J. W. 1998 . Post bloom and summer foliar K effects on grapefruit size . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 111 : 128 – 135 .
  • Bower , J. P. 2003 . Prediction and physiology of creasing . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 2 : 1089
  • Brian , O. C. 1957 . Malnutrition symptoms of citrus with practical methods of treatment Tallahassee, FL Department of Agriculture Bulletin 93
  • Calvert , D. V. 1969 . Spray application of potassium nitrate for citrus on calcareous soils . Proc. First Intl. Citrus Symp. , 3 : 1587 – 1597 .
  • Calvert , D. V. 1973 . Response of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit trees in the Indian River area to potassium application and fruit quality . Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. , 86 : 13 – 19 .
  • Calvert , D. V. and Smith , R. C. 1972 . Correcting potassium deficiency of citrus with KNO3 sprays . Agr. And Food Chem. , 20 : 659 – 661 .
  • Cantarella , H. , van Raij , B. and Quaggio , J. A. 1998 . Soil and plant analysis for lime and fertilizer recommendations in Brazil . Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 29 : 1691 – 1706 .
  • Cantarella , H. , Mattos , D. Jr. , Quaggio , J. A. and Rigolin , A. T. 2003 . Fruit yield of Valencia sweet orange fertilized with different N sources and the loss of applied N . Nutr. Cycling Agroecosystems , 67 : 1 – 9 .
  • Cantarella , H. , Quaggio , J. A. , Bataglia , O. C. and van Raij , B. 1992 . Response of citrus to NPK fertilization in a network of field trials in Sao Paulo State, Brazil . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 2 : 607 – 612 .
  • Chapman , H. 1960 . Leaf and soil analysisin citrus orchards - criteria for the diagnosis of nutrient status and guidance of fertilization and soil management practices Riverside, CA California Agricultural Exp. Sta. Extension Service Manual 25
  • Chapman , H. D. , Brown , S. M. and Rayner , D. S. 1947 . Effects of K deficiency and excess on orange trees . Hilgardia , 17 : 619 – 650 .
  • Dasberg , S. 1987 . Nitrogen fertilization in citrus orchards . Plant and Soil , 100 : 1 – 9 .
  • Davies , F. S. and Albrigo , L. G. 1994 . Citrus , 254 Wallingford, , U. K. : CAB International .
  • Deszyck , E. J. , Koo , R. C. J. and Ting , S. V. 1958 . Effect of potash on yield and quality of ‘Hamlin’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges . Proc. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. , 18 : 129 – 135 .
  • Dou , H. , Petracek , P. D. , Stover , E. , Calvert , D. V. and Alva , A. K. Preharvest factors influencing postharvest peel pitting of citrus fruits . Proc. Int. Soc. Citricult. 9th Congress . pp. 1084 – 1088 .
  • Du Plessis , S. F. 1977 . Soil analysis as a necessary complement to leaf analysis for fertilizer advisory purposes . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 15 – 19 .
  • Du Plessis , S. F. and Koen , T. J. 1996 . Leaf analysis norms, South Africa . Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. , : 1283 – 1285 .
  • Du Plessis , S. F. and Koen , T. J. The effect of N and K fertilization on yield and fruit size of Valencia . Proc. VI Intl Citrus Congr. TelAviv, Israel. pp. 663 – 372 .
  • Du Plessis , S. F. , Koen , T. J. and Smart , G. 1975 . Die bemestingesvereistes van suurlemoene . Citrus Ans. Subtrop. Fruit J. , 11 : 18 – 21 .
  • Embleton , T. W. and Jones , W. W. 1966 . Effects of potassium on peel thickness and juiciness of lemon fruits . HortScience , 1 : 25 – 26 .
  • Embleton , T. W. , Jones , W. W. and Platt , R. G. 1975 . Plant nutrition and citrus fruit crop quality and yield . HortScience , 10 : 48 – 50 .
  • Embleton , T. W. , Jones , W. W. and Page , A. L. 1964 . Potash hunger . Better Crops with Plant Food , 48 : 2 – 5 .
  • Embleton , T. W. , Jones , W. W. , Page , A. L. and Platt , R. G. 1969 . Potassium and California citrus . Proc. 1st Intern. Citru Symp. , 3 : 1599 – 1603 .
  • Embleton , T. W. , Labanauskas , C. K. , Jones , W. W. and Cree , C. B. 1963 . Interrelations of leaf sampling methods and nutritional status of orange trees and their influence on the macro and micronutrient concentrations in orange leaves . Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 82 : 131 – 141 .
  • Erner , Y. , Kaplan , Y. , Artzi , B. and Hamou , M. 1993 . Increasing citrus fruit size using auxins and potassium . Acta Horticulturae , 329 : 112 – 119 .
  • FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization . 2004 . Faostat-Statistical databases Available athttp://apps.www.fao.org(verified May 21, 2004)
  • Fassbender , H. W. 1975 . Química de suelos: conénfasis en suelos de America Latina , Turrialba : Instituto Interamericano de Ciências Agricolas de la OEA .
  • Feingenbaum , S. , Bielorai , H. , Erner , Y. and Dasberg , S. 1987 . The fate of 15N labeled nitrogen applied to mature citrus trees . Plant and Soil , 97 : 179 – 187 .
  • Fourie , S. and Joubert , G. F. 1957 . The effect of potash and phosphate on the yield and ‘creasing’ of navel oranges in the Citrusdal area . Citrus Grow , 277 : 1 – 3 .
  • Gallasch , P. T. 1996 . Leaf analysis norms, Australia . Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. , : 1280 – 1282 .
  • Grierson , W. Factors affecting postharvest market quality of citrus fruits . Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. XIII annual meeting . Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Grierson , W. 1986 . “ Physiological disorders ” . In Fresh Citrus Fruits , Edited by: Wardowski , W. F. , Nagy , S. and Grierson , W. 361 – 378 . New York : AVI .
  • Grupo Paulista de Adubação e Calagem para Citros . 1994 . Recomendações de adubação e calagem para citros no Estado de São Paulo (In Portuguese, with English abstract.) 2ed. Laranja, Cordeirópolis, SP
  • Haby , V. A. , Russele , M. P. and Skogley , E. O . 1990 . “ Testing soils for potassium, calcium, and magnesium ” . In Soil testing and plant analysis. 3ed , Edited by: Westerman , R. L. 181 – 228 . Madison, WI : SSSA .
  • Hanlon , E. A. , Obreza , T. A. and Alva , A. K. 1995 . “ Tissue and soil analysis ” . In Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees , Edited by: Tucker , D. P. H. 13 – 20 . Gainesville, FL : Univ. of Florida . (SP 169)
  • Havlin , J. L. , Beaton , D. , Tisdale , S. L. and Nelson , W. N. 1999 . Soil Fertility and Fertilizers-An Introduction to Nutrient Management , Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice-Hall, Inc. .
  • Hearn , C. J. 1993 . The influence of cultivar and high nitrogen and potassium fertilization on fruit quality traits of young orange trees . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 106 : 8 – 12 .
  • Hield , H. Z. , Burns , R. M. and Coggins , C. W. Jr. 1964 . Preharvest use of 2, 4-D on citrus . Calif. Agric. Exp. Stn. Circular , 528 : 10
  • Hunziker , R. R. 1960 . The relationship of soil potassium and leaf potassium status to yield of citrus in the Indian River area . Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc. , 73 : 36 – 39 .
  • Jackson , L. K. 1991 . Citrus growing in Florida , 293 Gainesville, FL : Univ. of Florida Press .
  • Jones , W. W. , Embleton , T. W. , Foott , J. H. and Platt , R. G. 1973 . Response of young lemon trees to potassium and zinc application-yield and fruit quality . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 98 ( 4 ) : 414 – 416 .
  • Jones , W. W. , Embleton , T. W. , Garber , M. J. and Cree , C. B. 1967 . Creasing of oranges fruits . Hilgardia. , 38 : 231 – 244 .
  • Jorgensen , K. R. and Price , G. H. 1978 . The citrus leaf and soil analysis system in Queensland . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 297 – 299 .
  • Khan , I. A. , Srikandakumar , A. and Embleton , T. W. Interrelationship of nutrient status of orange leaves from fruiting and non-fruiting terminals and their conversion factors . Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. IX Congr . pp. 433 – 434 .
  • Khan , I. A. , Embleton , T. W. , Matsumura , M. and Atkin , D. R. 1992 . Leaf sampling method: A problem in the exchange of fertilizer management information in the citrus world . Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. , : 564 – 569 .
  • Knorr , L. C. 1973 . Citrus diseases and disorders , 79 Gainesville, FL : Univ of Florida Press .
  • Koo , R. C. J. 1961 . Potassium nutrition and fruit splitting in ‘Hamlin’ orange . Fla. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rept. , : 223 – 224 .
  • Koo , R C. J. 1963 . Nitrogen and potassium rates study on Lemon . Fla Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept. , : 223 – 224 .
  • Koo , R. C. J. 1968 . “ Potassium nutrition of tree crops ” . In The Role of Potassium in Agriculture , 469 – 487 . Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy Special Publ. .
  • Koo , R. C. J. Fertilization and irrigation effects on fruit quality . Factors Affecting Fruit Quality-Citrus Short Course, Proceedings . Edited by: Ferguson , J. J. and Wardowski , W. F. pp. 35 – 42 . Gainesville : Florida Cooperative Extension Service .
  • Koo , R. C. J. and Reese , R. L. 1972 . A comparison of potash sources and rates for citrus . Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. , 85 : 1 – 5 .
  • Koo , R. C. J. , Young , T. W. , Reese , R. L. and Kesterson , J. W. 1973 . Response of ‘Bearss’ lemon to nitrogen, potassium and irrigation applications . Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. , 86 : 9 – 12 .
  • Koo , R. C. J. , Young , T. W. , Reese , R. L. and Kesterson , J. W. 1974 . Effects of nitrogen, potassium and irrigation on yield and quality of lemon . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 99 : 289 – 291 .
  • Legaz , F. and Primo Millo , E. 1985 . Normas para la fertilizacion de los agrios , Valencia : Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias . (Fullets Divulgació, 5)
  • Legaz , F. , Primo-Millo , E. , Primo-Yufera , E. and Gil , C. 1981 . Dynamics of 15N-la-beled nitrogen nutrients in Valencia orange trees . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 2 : 575 – 582 .
  • Marschner , H. 1995 . Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants , 889 San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
  • Mattos , D. Jr. 2000 . Citrus response functions to N, P, and K fertilization and N up-take dynamics , Ph.D. dissertation Gainesville, FL : Univ. of Florida .
  • Mattos , D. Jr. , Graetz , D. A and Alva , A. K. 2003a . Biomass distribution and 15N-nitrogen partitioning in citrus trees on asandy Entisol . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 67 : 555 – 563 .
  • Mattos , D. Jr. , Alva , A. K. , Paramasivam , S. and Graetz , D. A. 2003b . Nitrogen mineralization and volatilization in sandy Entisol under citrus trees . Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 54 : 1803 – 1824 .
  • Mattos , D. Jr. , Quaggio , J. A. , Cantarella , H. and Alva , A. K. 2003c . Nutrient content of biomass components of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange trees . Scientia Agricola , 60 : 155 – 160 .
  • Mattos , D. Jr. , Quaggio , J. A. , Cantarella , H. and Carvalho , S. A. 2004 . Modelos de resposta do tangor Murcott … fertilização com N, P e K . Rev. Bras. Fruticultura , 26 : 164 – 167 .
  • Mauk , P. A. and Dimitman , J. E. 1998 . Update on Grapefruit rind pitting . Subtropical Fruit News , 6 : 12 – 13 .
  • McNeal , B. L. , Stanley , W. D. , Gilreath , P. R. , Downey , D. and Creighton , F. J. 1995 . Nutrient-loss trends for vegetable and citrus fields in West-Central Florida: I . Nitrate. J. Environ. Qual. , 24 : 95 – 100 .
  • Mehlich , A. 1953 . Determination of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and NH4 , Raleigh, NC : Soil Test Div. Mimeo, North Carolina Dept. Agr. .
  • Mehlich , A. 1978 . New extractant for soil test evaluation of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, manganese, and zinc . Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 9 : 477 – 492 .
  • Mehlich , A. 1984 . Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant . Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 14 : 1409 – 1416 .
  • Monselise , S. P. 1979 . The use of growth regulators in citriculture, a review . Scientica Hort , 11 : 151 – 162 .
  • Nelson , L. A. and Anderson , R. L. 1977 . “ Partitioning of soil test - crop response probability ” . In Soil testing: Correlating and interpreting the analytical results , Edited by: Peck , T. R. 19 – 38 . Madison, WI : ASA, CSSA, and SSSA . (Special Publication 29)
  • Neptune , A. L. M. , Tabatabai , M. A. and Hanway , J. J. 1975 . Sulfur fractions and carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus relationships in some Brazilian and Iowa soils . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 39 : 51 – 55 .
  • Obreza , T. 1990 . Evaluation of citrus grove fertility status using soil and leaf tissue testing . Soil and Crop Sci Soc. Fla. Proc. , 9 : 66 – 69 .
  • Paramasivam , S. , Alva , A. K. , Fares , A. and Sajwan , K. S. 2001 . Estimation of nitrate leaching in an Entisol under optimum citrus production . Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. , 65 : 914 – 921 .
  • Paramasivam , S. , Alva , A. K. , Prakash , O. and Cui , S. L. 1999 . Denitrification in the vadose zone and in surficial groundwater of a sandy Entisol with citrus production . Plant and Soil , 208 : 207 – 319 .
  • Petersen , R. G. and Calvin , L. D. 1996 . “ Sampling ” . In Methods of Soil Analysis - Part 3 Chemical Methods , Edited by: Sparks , D. L. 1 – 18 . Madison, WI : SSSA and ASA .
  • Petracek , P. D. and Dou , H. 1998 . Reducing Postharvest Pitting Incidence of Citrus Fruits . Packinghouse Newsletter , 184 : 1 – 3 .
  • Petracek , P. D. , Montalvo , L. , Dou , H. and Davis , C. 1998 . Postharvest pitting of ‘Fallglo’ tangerines . J. Amer. Hort Sci. , 123 : 130 – 135 .
  • Quaggio , J. A. , Cantarella , H. and Mattos , D. Jr. 1996 . Soil testing and leaf analysis in Brazil-Recent developments . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture. , 2 : 1269 – 1275 .
  • Quaggio , J. A. , Cantarella , H. and van Raij , B. 1998 . Phosphorus and potassium soil test and nitrogen leaf analysis as a basis for citrus fertilization . Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , 52 : 67 – 74 .
  • Quaggio , J. A. , Cantarella , H. , de Mattos , D. Jr. and Novello , A. 2000 . Fruit quality of two sweet orange varieties affected by NPK rates in tropical soils . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 581
  • Quaggio , J. A. , Mattos , D. Jr. , Cantarella , H. , Almeida , E. L. E. and Cardoso , S. A. B. 2002 . Lemon yield and fruit quality affected by NPK fertilization . Scientia Horticulturae , 96 : 151 – 162 .
  • van Raij , B. , Quaggio , J. A. and Silva , N. M. 1986 . Extraction of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium from soils by an ion-exchange resin procedure . Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. , 17 : 547 – 566 .
  • Reed , J. B. , Hendrix , C. M. Jr. and Hendrix , D. L. 1986 . Quality control manual for citrus processing plants , Vol. 1 , Intercit : Safety Harbour .
  • Reese , R. L. and Koo , R. C. J. 1974 . Response of ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pineapple’, and ‘Valencia’ orange trees to nitrogen and potash application . Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. , 87 : 1 – 15 .
  • Reese , R. L. and Koo , R. C. J. 1975 . Effects of N and K fertilization on internal and external fruit quality of three major Florida orange cultivars . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 100 : 425 – 428 .
  • Reitz , H. J. and Koo , R. C. J. 1959 . Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield and fruit quality of ‘Valencia’ orange in calcareous soil . Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. , 72 : 12 – 16 .
  • Reitz , H. J. and Koo , R. C. J. 1960 . Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield, fruit quality, and leaf analysis of ‘Valencia’ oranges . Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 75 : 244 – 252 .
  • Rodriguez , V. A. , Mazza , S. M. , Martinez , G. C. and Ferrero , A. R. Zn and K incidence in fruit sizes of ‘Valencia’ orange with CVC symptoms . The 9th Int. Citriculture Conf . Orlando, Florida. pp. 111
  • Roy , W. R. and Gardner , F. E. 1946 . Seasonal absorption of nutrient ions by orange trees in sand culture . Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 47 : 107 – 118 .
  • Sites , J. W. and Deszyck , E. J. 1953 . Effect of varying amounts of K on the yield and quality of ‘Valencia’ and ‘Hamlin’ oranges . Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. , 65 : 92 – 98 .
  • Smith , P. F. 1963 . Quality measurements on selected sizes of ‘Marsh’ grapefruit from trees differentially fertilized with nitrogen and potash . Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 83 : 316 – 321 .
  • Smith , P. F. 1966 . “ Leaf analysis of citrus ” . In Nutrition of Fruit Crops , Edited by: Childers , N. F. 208 – 228 . New Jersey : Somerset Press .
  • Smith , P. F. and Rasmussen , G. K. 1958 . Relation of fertilization of winter cold injury of citrus . Proc. Fla. Sta. Hort. Soc. , 71 : 170 – 175 .
  • Smith , P. F. , Reuther , W. and Scudder , G. T. Jr. 1953 . Effects of differential supplies on N, K, and Mg growth on fruiting of young ‘Valencia’ orange trees in sand culture . Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. , 61 : 38 – 48 .
  • Spiegel-Roy , P. and Goldschmidt , E. E. 1996 . Biology of Citrus , Cambridge, , U. K. : Cambridge University Press .
  • Stewart , W. S. and Parker , E. R. 1954 . Effects of 2, 4-D and related substances on fruit drop, yield, size and quality of grapefruit . Hilgardia , 22 : 623 – 641 .
  • Swietlik , D. 1996 . Leaf analysis norms . USA-Texas. Proc. Intl. Soc. Citricult. , : 1265 – 1268 .
  • Syvertsen , J. P. and Smith , M. L. 1996 . Nitrogen uptake efficiency and leaching losses from lysimeter-grown citrus trees fertilized at three nitrogen rates . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. , 121 : 57 – 62 .
  • Tamin , M. , Shachnai , A. , Goldschmidt , E. E. and Goren , R. 2003 . Incidence of superficial rind-pitting (Nuxan) in ‘Shamouti’orange as affected by potassium treatments . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 1 : 442 – 443 .
  • Treeby , M. T. , Milne , D. J. , Storey , R. , Bevington , K. B. , Loveys , B. R. and Hutton , R. 2003 . Creasing in Australia: Causes and control . Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture , 2 : 1099 – 1103 .
  • Tucker , D. P. H. , Alva , A. K. , Jackson , L. K. and Wheaton , T. A. 1995 . Nutrition of Florida Citrus Trees , 61 Gainesville, FL : Univ. of Florida . (SP 169)
  • Wutscher , H. K. and Smith , P. F. 1993 . “ Citrus ” . In Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicities in Crop Plants , Edited by: Bennett , W. F. 165 – 176 . St. Paul, MN : APS Press .
  • Young , T. W. and Koo , R. C. J. 1967 . Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on ‘Persian limes’ on Lakeland fine sand . Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. , 80 : 337 – 342 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.