Prospective, Open-Label Comparative Study of Liver Toxicity in an Unselected Population of HIV-Infected Patients Treated for the First Time with Efavirenz or Nevirapine

REFERENCES

• Rancinan C, Neau D, Saves M, et al. Is hepatitis C virus co-infection associated with survival in HIV-infected patients treated by combination antiretroviral therapy? AIDS. 2002;16:1357–1362.
   Google Scholar
• Perez-Molina JA. Safety and tolerance of efavirenz in dif-ferent antiretroviral regimens: results from a national multicenter prospective study in 1,033 HIV-infected pa-tients. HIV Clin Trials. 2003;3:279–286.
   Google Scholar
• Milinkovic A, Martinez E. Nevirapine in the treatment of HIV. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004;2:367–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manfredi R. HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and he-patic function. Emerging epidemiological, pathogenetic, and clinical issues, and their consequences on disease management. AIDS. 2003;17:2253–2256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verucchi G, Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F. Incidence of liver toxicity in HIV-infected patients receiving isolated dual nucleoside analogue antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Im-mune Defic Syndr. 2003;33:546–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiesa E, Bini T, Adorni F, et al. Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, nevirapine or abacavir: safety and efficacy outcomes. Antivir Ther. 2003;8:27–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Metha SH, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Hepatotoxicity associated with nevirapine or efavirenz-containing antiretroviral therapy: role of hepatitis C and B infections. Hepatology. 2002;35:182–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ena J, Amador C, Benito C, Fenoll V, Pasquau F. Risk and determinants of developing severe liver toxicity during therapy with nevirapine- and efavirenz-containing regi-mens in HIV-infected patients. Int J STD AIDS. 2003;14:776–781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontorinis N, Dieterich DT. Toxicity of non-nucleoside ana-logue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Semin Liver Dis. 2003;23:172–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell C, Matthews GV, Nelson MR. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - a overview. Int J STD AIDS. 2003;14:71–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern JO, Robinson PA, Love J, Lanes S, Imperiale MS, Mayers DL. A comprehensive hepatic safety analysis of nevirapine in different populations of HIV infected patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;34\(suppl 1):521–533.
   Google Scholar
• Martin-Carbonero L, Nuriez M, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V. Incidence of liver injury after beginning antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz or nevirapine. HIV Clin Trials. 2003;4:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez E, Blanco JL, Arnaiz JA, et al. Hepatotoxicity in HIV-1-infected patients receiving nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 200115: 1261–1268.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez de Requeria D, Nuriez M, Jimenez-Nacher I, Soriano V. Liver toxicity caused by nevirapine. AIDS. 2002;16:290-291.
   Google Scholar
• Wit RN, Weverling GJ, Weel J, Jurriaans S, Lange JM. Incidence and risk factors for severe hepatotoxicity associ-ated with antiretroviral combination therapy. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Heeswijk RP, Veldkamp Al, Mulder IW, et al. The steady-state pharmacokinetics of nevirapine during once daily and twice daily dosing in HIV-1-infected individuals. AIDS. 2000;14:F77–F82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Leth F, Phanuphak P, Ruxtungtham K, et al. Compari-son of first-line antiretroviral therapy with regimens includ-ing nevirapine, efavirenz, or both drugs, plus stavudine and lamivudine: a randomised, open-label trial, the 2 NN study. Lancet. 2004;63:1253–1263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmon R, Koo BC, Shoulz DA, Dieterich DT. Lack of hepatotoxicity associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 200229: 340–345.
   Google Scholar
• Soriano V, Martin-Carbonero L, Garcia-SamaniegoJ, Puoti M. Mortality due to chronic viral liver disease among pa-tients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1793–1795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louie JK, Hsu LC, Osmond DH, Katz MH, Schwarcz SK. Trends in causes of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, San Francisco, 1994-1998. J Infect Dis. 2002;186:1023–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. Gabexate mesilate and/or octreotide in human immunodeficiency virus-associated pancreatic abnormalities. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16:1791–1794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, et al. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA. JAMA. 2004;292:251–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. Efavirenz versus nevirapine in current clinical practice: a prospective, open-label ob-servational study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:492–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. A prospective comparison of the two main indications of efavirenz in 2001 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens: first-line versus salvage use. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002;49:723–729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. First line efavirenz versus lopinavir-ritonavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy for naive patients. AIDS. 2004;28:2331–2333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieterich DT, Robinson PA, Love J, Stern JO. Drug-in-duced liver injury associated with the use of nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38\(suppl 2):580–S89.
   Google Scholar
• Patel SM, Johnson S, Belknap SM, Chan J, Sha BE, Bennett C. Serious adverse cutaneous and hepatic toxici-ties associated with nevirapine use by non-HIV-infected individuals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Maat MM, Mathot RA, Veldkamp Al, et al. Hepatotoxic-ity following nevirapine-containing regimens in HIV-1 in-fected individuals. Pharmacol Res. 2002;46:295–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuriez M, Gonzalez-Requena D, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V. Interactions between nevirapine plasma levels, chronic hepatitis C, and the development of liver toxicity in HIV-infected patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2003;19:187–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dailly E, Billaud E, Reliquet V, et al. No relationship be-tween high nevirapine plasma concentration and hepato-toxicity in HIV-1-infected patients naive of antiretroviral treatment or switched from protease inhibitors. Eur J Clin PharmacoL 2004;60:343–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almond LM, Boffito M, Hoggard PG, et al. The relationship between nevirapine plasma concentrations and abnormal liver function tests. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004;20:716–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Maat MM, Huitema AD, Mulder JW, Meenhorst PL, Van Gorp EC, Beijnen JH. Population pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in an unselected cohort of HIV-1-infected indi-viduals. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;53:552P.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antoniou T, Tseng AL. Interactions between recreational drugs and antiretroviral agents. Ann Pharmacother. 2002;36:1598–1613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verucchi G, Calza L, Manfredi R, Chiodo F. Human immu-nodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfection: epide-miology, natural history, therapeutic options and clinical management. Infection. 2004;32:33–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz B, Martin-Carbonero L, Perez-Olmeda M, Soriano V. Normalization of liver enzymes in an HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infected patients after potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2002;16:1193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Chiodo F. Disorders of lipid metabolism in patients with HIV disease treated with antiretroviral agents: frequency, relationship with administered drugs, and role of hypolipidemic therapy with bezafibrate. J Infect. 200142: 181–188.
   Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. Gynecomastia, lipodystro-phy syndrome, and dyslipidemia occurring or worsening during antiretroviral regimens other than protease inhibitor-based ones. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;35:99–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. A case-control study of HIV-associated pancreatic abnormalities during HAART era. Focus on emerging risk factors and specific manage-ment. Eur J Med Res. 2004;9:537–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Calza L, Chiodo F. An extremely different dysmetabolic profile between the two available nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: efavirenz and nevirapine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;38:236–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R. HIV disease and advanced age. An increasing therapeutic challenge. Drugs Aging. 2002;19:647–669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar