38
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Bacterial Infections in Adult HIV-Infected Patients

&
Pages 213-228 | Published online: 14 Jan 2015

REFERENCES

  • Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853–860.
  • Ledergerber B, Egger M, Erard V, et al. AIDS-related op-portunistic illnesses occurring after initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. JAMA. 1999;282:2220–2226.
  • Godofsky EW, Zinreich J, Armstrong M, et al. Sinusitis in HIV-infected patients: a clinical and radiographic review. Am J Med. 1992;93:163–170.
  • Berger BJ, Hussain F, Roistacher K. Bacterial infections in HIV infected patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1994;8:449–465.
  • Armstrong M Jr, McArthur JC, Zinreich SJ. Radiographic imaging of sinusitis in HIV infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1993;108:36–43.
  • Janoff EN, Breiman RF, Daley CL, Hopewell PC. Pneumo-coccal disease during HIV infection. Epidemiologic, clini-cal, and immunologic perspectives. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:314–324.
  • Hirschtick RE, Glassroth J, Jordan MC, et al. Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunode-ficiency virus. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:845–851.
  • Rubin JS, Honigberg R. Sinusitis in patients with the ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ear Nose Throat J. 1990;69:460–463.
  • DiRienzo AG, van Der Horst C, Finkelstein DM, Frame P, Bozzette SA, Tashima KT. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of bacterial infections in a randomized prophylaxis trial of patients with advanced HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retro viruses. 2002;18:89–94.
  • Currier JS, Williams P, Feinberg J, et al. Impact of prophy-laxis for Mycobacterium avium complex on bacterial infec-tions in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:1615–1622.
  • Chow JH, Stern JC, Kaul A, Pincus RL, Gromisch DS. Head and neck manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in children. Ear Nose Throat J. 1990;69:416-419,422–423.
  • Godofsky EW, Zinreich J, Armstrong M, Leslie JM, Weikel CS. Sinusitis in HIV-infected patients: a clinical and radio-graphic review. Am J Med. 1992;93:163–170.
  • Lebovics RS, Stern JC, Kimmelman C. AIDS and otolaryn-gology: 1990 update part 1. Ear Nose Throat J. 1990;69:374–423.
  • Milgrim LM, Rubin JS, Rosenstreich DL, Small CB. Sinusi-tis in human immunodeficiency virus infection: typical and atypical organisms. J OtolaryngoL 1994;23:450–453.
  • Shah RM, Gupta S, Angeid-Backman E, O'Donnell J. Pneumococcal pneumonia in patients requiring hospital-ization: effects of bacteremia and HIV seropositivity on radiographic appearance. Am J RoentgenoL 2000; 175:1533–1536.
  • White S, Tsou E, Waldhorn R, et al. Life threatening bacte-rial pneumonia in homosexuals with laboratory features of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Chest. 1985;87:486.
  • Magnenat J, Nicod LP, Auckenthaler R, et al. Mode of presentation and diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia in hu-man immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991144: 917.
  • De Pinho AM, Lopes GS, Ramos-Filho CF, et al. Urinary tract infection in men with AIDS. Genitourinary Med. 1994;70:30–34.
  • Leport C, Rousseau F, Perronne C, Salmon D, Joerg A, Vilde JL. Bacterial prostatitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J UroL 1989;141:334–336.
  • Rolston KV, Radentz S, Rodriguez S. Bacterial and fungal infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cancer Detect Prey. 1990;14:377–381.
  • Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Donati KG, et al. HIV-associ-ated bacteremia: how it has changed in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23:145–151.
  • Dworkin MS, Ward JW, Hanson DL, Jones JL, Kaplan JE. Adult and adolescent spectrum of HIV disease project. Pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: incidence, risk factors, and impact of vaccination. Clin Infect Dis. 200132: 794–800.
  • Redd SC, Rutherford GW 3rd, Sande MA, et al. The role of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pneumococcal bacteremia in San Francisco residents. J Infect Dis. 1990;162:1012–1017.
  • Gebo KA, Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Risk factors for pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected patients. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:857–862.
  • Steinhart R, Reingold AL, Taylor F, Anderson G, Wenger JD. Invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in men with HIV infection. JAMA. 1992;268:3350–3352.
  • Schlamm HT, Yancovitz SR. Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in young adults with AIDS, ARC, or risk of AIDS. Am J Med. 1989;86:11–14.
  • Cordero E, Pachon J, Rivero A, et al. Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:461–465.
  • Mendelson MH, Gurtman A, Szabo S, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:886–895.
  • Dropulic LK, Leslie JM, Eldred Li, Zenilman J, Sears CL. Clinical manifestations and risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:930–937.
  • Shepp DH, Tang IT, Ramundo MB, Kaplan MK. Serious Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in AIDS. J Acquir Im-mune Defic Syndr. 1994;7:823–831.
  • Vidal F, Mensa J, Martinez JA, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;18:473–477.
  • Baron AD, Hollander H. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bron-chopulmonary infection in late human immunodeficiency virus disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148(4 Pt 1):992–996.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded sur-veillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1992;41:1–19.
  • Kaul D, Coffey MJ, Phare SM, Kazanjian P. Capacity of neutrophils and monocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and healthy controls to inhibit growth of Mycobacterium bovis. J Lab Clin Med. 2003 ;141 (5):330–334.
  • Smith K, Skelton H, Yeager J, et al. Cutaneous findings in HIV-1 positive patients: a 42 month prospective study. J Am Acad DermatoL 1994;31:746–753.
  • Rieg G, Daar E, Witt M, et al. Community-acquired methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization among HIV-infected men who have sex with men: a point preva-lence survey. In: Abstracts from the 12th Retroviral Confer-ence; February 2005; Boston, MA. Abstract 877.
  • Hardy WD, Feinberg J, Finkelstein DM, et al. A controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pen-tamidine for secondary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 021. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1842–1848.
  • Buskin SE, Newcomer LM, Koutsky LA, Hooton TM, Spach DH, Hopkins SG. Effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis on bacte-rial illness, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and death in persons with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Human RetroviroL 1999;20:201–206.
  • Navin TR, Rimland D, Lennox JL, et al. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis. 2000;181:158–164.
  • Edge MD, Rimland D. Community-acquired bacteremia in HIV-positive patients: protective benefit of co-trimoxazole. AIDS. 1997;10:1635–1639.
  • Murri R, Ammassari A, Pezzotti P, et al. Incidence and determinants of bacterial infections in HIV-positive patients receiving anti-Pneumocystis cariniifroxoplasma gondii pri-mary prophylaxis within a randomized clinical trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001;27:49–55.
  • Podzamczer D, Salazar A, Jimenez J, et al. Intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with dapsone-pyrimethamine for the simultaneous primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in patients infected with HIV. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122(10):755–761.
  • Wallace JM, Hansen NI, Lavange L, et al. Respiratory disease trends in the pulmonary complications of HIV in-fection study cohort. Pulmonary complications of HIV In-fection Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155(1):72–80.
  • Omenaca C, Turett G, Yarrish R, et al.. Bacteremia in HIV-infected patients: short-term predictors of mortality. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999;22(2):155–160.
  • Anglaret X, Chene G, Attia A, et al. Early chemoprophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole for HIV-1-infected adults in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomised trial. Cotrimo-CI Study Group. Lancet. 1999;353:1463–1468.
  • Wiktor SZ, Sassan-Morokro M, Grant AD, et al. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a randomized con-trolled trial. Lancet. 1999;353:1469–1475.
  • Mermin J. Lule J. Ekwaru JP, et al. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda. Lancet. 2004;346:1428–1434.
  • Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons in-fected with human immunodeficiency virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38 (suppl 5):1–9.
  • Martin JN, Rose DA, Hadley WK, et al. Emergence of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole resistance in the AIDS era. J Infect Dis. 1999;180:1809–1818.
  • Boumis E, Petrosillo N, Girardi E, et al. Changing patterns in the etiology of HIV-associated bacterial pneumonia in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001;20:71–73.
  • Jordano Q, Falco V, Almirante B, et al. Invasive pneumo-coccal disease in patients infected with HIV: still a threat in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1623–1628.
  • Wininger DA, Fass RJ. Impact of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis on etiology and susceptibili-ties of pathogens causing HIV-associated bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46:594–597.
  • Feldman C, Glatthaar M, Morar R, et al. Bacteremic pneu-mococcal pneumonia in HIV-seropositive and HIV-serone-gative adults. Chest. 1999;116:107–114.
  • Havlir DV, Dube MP, Sattler FR, et al. for the California Collaborative Treatment Group. Prophylaxis against dis-seminated Mycobacterium avium complex with weekly azithromycin, daily rifabutin, or both. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:392–398.
  • 2001 USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the prevention of the opportunistic infections for HIV-infected adults. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/op_infections/01_112801.pdf
  • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Gelling L, Kool, JL, Reingold AL, Vugia DJ. Epidemiologic relation between HIV and invasive pneumococcal disease in San Francisco County, Califor-nia. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:182–190.
  • Pierce AB, Hoy JF. Is the recommendation for pneumococ-cal vaccination of HIV patients evidence based? J Clin ViroL 2001;22:255–261.
  • De Gaetano Donati K, Bertagnoli S, Tumbarello M, et al. Effect of HAART on the incidence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV-infected subjects. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2000;16:357–360.
  • Paul S, Gilbert HM, Lande L, et al. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on decreasing hospitalization rates of HIV-infected patients in 2001. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2002;18: 501–506.
  • Paul S, Gilbert HM, Ziecheck W, Jacobs J, Sepkowitz KA. The impact of potent antiretroviral therapy on the charac-teristics of hospitalized patients with HIV infection. AIDS. 1999;13:415–418.
  • Meynard JL, Guiguet M, Fonquernie L, et al. Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the occurrence of bacteraemia in HIV-infected patients and their epidemio-logic characteristics. HIV Med. 2003;4:127–132.
  • Sullivan JH, Moore RD, Keruly JC, Chaisson RE. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of bacterial pneu-monia in patients with advanced HIV infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:64–67.
  • Floris-Moore M, Lo Y, Klein RS, et al. Gender and hospital-ization patterns among HIV-infected drug users before and after the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;34:331–337.
  • Hughes WT, Danker WM, Yogev R, et al. Comparison of atovaquone and azithromycin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:136–145.
  • ART Cohort Collaboration. Prognostic importance of initial response in HIV-1 infected patients starting patent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of prospective studies. Lan-cet. 2003;362:679–686.
  • Raffanti SP, Fusco JS, Sherrill BH, et al. Effect of persistent moderate viremia on disease progression during HIV therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37:1147–1154.
  • Olsen CH, Gatel J, Ledergerber B, et al. Risk of AIDS and death at given HIV-RNA and CD4 cell counts, in relation to specific antiretroviral drugs in the regimen. AIDS. 2005;19:319–330.
  • Wolff AJ, O'Donnell AE. Pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Chest. 2001;120:1888–1893.
  • Lopez-Palomo C, Martin-Zamorano, M. Benitez E, et al. Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era: incidence, risk, and impact of the pneumococcal vaccina-tion. J Med Virol. 2004;72:517–524.
  • Currier JS, Williams PL, Koletar SL, et al. Discontinuation of Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis in patients with antiretroviral therapy-induced increases in CD4+ cell count. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 362 Study Team. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:493–503.
  • Koletar SL, Heald AE, Finkelstein D, et al. ACTG 888 Study Team. A prospective study of discontinuing primary and secondary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after CD4 cell count increase to >200 x 106 /I. AIDS. 2001;15:1509–1515.
  • Ledergerber B, Mocroft A, Reiss P, et al. Eight European Study Groups. Discontinuation of secondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2001344: 168–174.
  • Lopez Bernaldo de Quiros JC, Miro JM, Pena JM, et al. A randomized trial of the discontinuation of primary and sec-ondary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumo-nia after highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2001344: 159–167.
  • Yeni PG, Hammer SM, Hirsch MS, et al. Treatment for adult HIV infection: 2004 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA. 2004;292:251–265.
  • Garcia F, de Lazzari E, Plana M, et al. Long-term CD4 T cell response to highly active antiretroviral therapy according to baseline CD4 T cell count. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;36:702–713.
  • Paredes R, Mocroft A, Kirk O, et al. Predictors of virologic success and ensuing failure in HIV-positive patients start-ing highly active antiretroviral therapy in Europe. Arch In-tern Med 2000;160:1123–1132.
  • Madhi SA, Petersen K, Khoosal M et al. Reduced effective-ness of Hemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children with a high prevalence of human immunodefi-ciency virus type 1 infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2002;21:315–321.
  • Spoulou VI, Tsoumas DL, Papaevangelou VG, Mostrou GI, Theodoridou MC. Haemophilus influenzae type b conju-gate vaccine-induced immunological memory in symptom-atic HIV-1-infected children. AIDS. 2003;17:1396–1398.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommen-dations of the immunization Practices Advisory Commit-tee. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1989;38:64-68,73–76.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommen-dations of the immunization Practices Advisory Commit-tee. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1997;46:1–24.
  • Ward JW, Hanson DL, Jones J, Kaplan J. Pneumococcal vaccination and the incidence of pneumonia among HIV infected people. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:905.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. USPHS/IDSA Guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in people infected with HIV. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:1–66.
  • Ahmed F, Steinhoff MC, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, et al. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the antibody response to a glycoprotein conjugate pneu-mococcal vaccine: results from a randomized trial. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:83–90.
  • Kroon FP, van Dissel JT, Ravenbergen E, et al. Enhanced antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vac-cine after prior immunization with conjugate pneumococ-cal vaccine in HIV-infected adults. Vaccine. 2001;19:886–894.
  • Feikin DR, Elie CM, Goetz MB, et al. Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults. Vac-cine. 2001;20:545–553.
  • Cohn DL, Breese PS, Burman WJ, et al. Continued benefit from HAART: trends in AIDS-related opportunistic illnesses in a public health care system, 1990–2001. In: Abstracts from the XIV International AIDS Conference; 2002; Barcelona, Spain. Abstract ThOrC1443.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.