Cost-effectiveness of a Fourth-Generation Combination Immunoassay for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Antibody and p24 Antigen for the Detection of HIV Infections in the United States

REFERENCES

• Campsmith ML, Rhodes PH, Hall HI, Green TA. Undiag-nosed HIV prevalence among adults and adolescents in the United States at the end of 2006. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;53(5):619–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS. Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. 2006;20(10):1447–1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55(RR-14): 1-17; quiz CE11–14.
   Google Scholar
• Patel P, MackeIlar D, Simmons P, et al. Detecting acute human immunodeficiency virus infection using 3 different screening immunoassays and nucleic acid amplification testing for human immunodeficiency virus RNA, 2006-2008. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(1):66–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn TO. Acute primary HIV infection. JAMA. 1997;278(1):58–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen MS, Gay CL, Busch MP, Hecht FM. The detec-tion of acute HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(Suppl 2):S270–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiebig EW, Wright DJ, Rawal BD, et al. Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection. AIDS. 2003;17(13):1871–1879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, et al. High rates of for-ward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(7):951–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollingsworth TD, Anderson RM, Fraser C. HIV-1 transmis-sion, by stage of infection. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(5):687–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton SD. How many sexually-acquired HIV infections in the USA are due to acute-phase HIV transmission? AIDS. 2007;21(12):1625–1629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wawer MJ, Gray RH, Sewankambo NK, et al. Rates of HIV-1 transmission per coital act, by stage of HIV-1 infec-tion, in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis. 2005;191(9):1403–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revised recommendations for HIV screening of pregnant women. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001;50 (RR-19):63-85; quiz CE61-19a62-CE66-19a62.
   Google Scholar
• Revised guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and refer-ral. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2001;50(RR-19):1-57; quiz CE51-19a51-CE56-19a51.
   Google Scholar
• Pandori MW, Hackett J Jr, Louie B, et al. Assessment of the ability of a fourth-generation immunoassay for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody and p24 antigen to detect both acute and recent HIV infections in a high-risk setting. J Clin MicrobioL 2009;47(8):2639–2642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westreich DJ, Hudgens MG, Fiscus SA, Pilcher CD. Optimizing screening for acute human immunodeficiency virus infection with pooled nucleic acid amplification tests. J Clin MicrobioL 2008;46(5):1785–1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilcher CD, Fiscus SA, Nguyen TQ, et al. Detection of acute infections during HIV testing in North Carolina. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(18):1873–1883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paltiel AD, Walensky RP, Schackman BR, et al. Expanded HIV screening in the United States: effect on clinical outcomes, HIV transmission, and costs. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(11):797–806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Sundaram V, et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(6):570–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIV prevalence estimates-United States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57(39):1073–1076.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS surveillance report, 2007. Vol 19. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/. Accessed November 11,2010.
   Google Scholar
• White DA, Scribner AN, Schulden JD, Branson BM, Heffelfinger JD. Results of a rapid HIV screening and diagnostic testing program in an urban emergency depart-ment. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54(1):56–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Ado-lescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Gras L, Jurriaans S, Bakker M, et al. Viral load levels measured at set-point have risen over the last decade of the HIV epidemic in the Netherlands. PLoS One. 2009;4(10):e7365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kared H, Lelievre JD, Donkova-Petrini V, et al. HIV-specific regulatory T cells are associated with higher CD4 cell counts in primary infection. AIDS. 2008;22(18):2451–2460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne JA, May M, Costagliola D, et al. Timing of ini-tiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9672)1 352–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breaux K, Gadde S, Graviss EA, Rodriguez-Barradas MC. One year survival of HIV-infected veterans with CD4 <00 cells/mm3: data from a veteran cohort. AIDS Care. 2010;22(7):886–894.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koblin BA, van Benthem BH, Buchbinder SP, et al. Long-term survival after infection with human immunodefi-ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among homosexual men in hepatitis B vaccine trial cohorts in Amsterdam, New York City, and San Francisco, 1978–1995. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;150(10)1 026–1030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of Public Health Laboratories. Member sur-vey of HIV assay use. HIV: 2009 diagnostic survey. http://www.aphl.org/aphIprograms/infectious/hiv/Documents/HIV_2009_Survey.pdf. Accessed November 11,2010.
   Google Scholar
• Abbott Laboratories. ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Reagent prescribing information. Wiesbaden, Germany; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Goldhaber-Fiebert JD, Stout NK, Salomon JA, Kuntz KM, Goldie SJ. Cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus DNA testing and HPV-16,18 vaccination. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008;100(5):308–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore SG, Shenoy PJ, Fanucchi L, Tumeh JW, Flowers CR. Cost-effectiveness of MRI compared to mammogra-phy for breast cancer screening in a high risk population. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosteson AN, Stout NK, Fryback DG, et al. Cost-effective-ness of digital mammography breast cancer screening. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(1):1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long EF, Brandeau ML, Owens DK. The cost-effectiveness and population outcomes of expanded HIV screening and antiretroviral treatment in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(12):778–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prejean J, Song R, Hernandez A, et al. Estimated HIV Incidence in the United States, 2006-2009. PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e17502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson AB, Patel P, Sansom SL, et al. Cost-effectiveness of pooled nucleic acid amplification testing for acute HIV infection after third-generation HIV antibody screening and rapid testing in the United States: a comparison of three public health settings. PLoS Med. 2010;7(9):e1000342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens DK. Interpretation of cost-effectiveness analyses. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13(10):716–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV testing in the US. CDC Vitalsigns. http://www.cdc.govNitalSigns/pdf/2010-11-30-vitalsigns.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein MC. Recent developments in decision-analytic modelling for economic evaluation. Pharmacoeconomics. 2006;24(11):1043–1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson KN, Strassburger A, Jones WJ, Dietz B, Raja-gopalan R. Comparison of Markov model and discrete-event simulation techniques for HIV. Pharmacoeconomics. 2009;27(2)1 59–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schackman BR, Gebo KA, Walensky RP, et al. The lifetime cost of current human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States. Med Care. 2006;44(11):990–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The NIMH Multisite HIV Prevention Trial: reducing HIV sex-ual risk behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Multisite HIV Prevention Trial Group. Science. 1998;280(5371)1 889–1894.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamb ML, Fishbein M, Douglas JM, Jr, et al. Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. Project RESPECT Study Group. JAMA. 1998;280(13)1161–1167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison JA, O'Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Kennedy CE, Sweat MD. HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990--2005. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(3):363–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(13):921–929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule. National average fee. https://www.cms.gov/ClinicalLabFeeSched/. Accessed December 21, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Physician Fee Schedule, National Payment Amount File CY 2010. https://www.cms.gov/PhysicianFeeSched/. Accessed December 21, 2010.
   Google Scholar