253
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effect of Darunavir on Lipid Profile in HIV-Infected Patients

, , &
Pages 256-270 | Published online: 06 Jan 2015

REFERENCES

  • Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. Life expec-tancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies. Lancet. 2008;372:293–299.
  • Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853–860.
  • Sax PE, Kumar P. Tolerability and safety of HIV prote-ase inhibitors in adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37:1111–1124.
  • Doser N, Sudre P, Telenti A, et al. Persistent dyslipidemia in HIV-infected individuals switched from a protease inhibi-tor-containing to an efavirenz-containing regimen. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001;26:389–390.
  • Früs-Moller N, Weber R, Reiss P, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients - association with antiretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study. AIDS. 2003;17:1179–1193.
  • Früs-Moller N, Thiébaut R, Reiss P, et al. Predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients: the data collection on adverse effects of anti-HIV drugs study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prey Rehab/l. 2010;17:491–501.
  • Worm SW, Kamara DA, Reiss P, et al. Elevated triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-positive persons. AIDS. 2011; 25:1497–1504.
  • Gallant JE, Staszewski S, Pozniak AL, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients: a 3-year randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc. 2004;292:191–201.
  • Galli M, Ridolfo AL, Adorni F, et al. Body habitus changes and metabolic alterations in protease inhibitor-naive HIV-1-infected patients treated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;29:21–31.
  • Haubrich RH, Riddler SA, DiRienzo AG, et al. Metabolic outcomes in a randomised trial of nucleoside nonnucleo-side and protease inhibitor sparing regimens for initial HIV treatment. AIDS. 2009;23:1108–1118.
  • Riddler SA, Smit E, Cole SR, et al. Impact of HIV infection and HAART on serum lipids in men. JAMA.2003;289:2978–2982.
  • Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Shigenaga JK, Jensen P, Feingold KR. Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infec-tion and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:1045–1052.
  • El-Sadr WM, Mullin CM, Carr A, et al. Effects of HIV disease on lipid, glucose and insulin levels: results from a large antiretroviral-naive cohort. HIV Med. 2005;6: 114–121.
  • Blum A, Nadas V, Burke M, Yust I, Kessler A. Viral load of the human immunodeficiency virus could be an indepen-dent risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Clin Cardiol. 2005;28:149–153.
  • Baker JV, Duprez D. Biomarkers and HIV-associated car-diovascular disease. CurrOpin HIV AIDS. 2010;5:511–516.
  • Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group; El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2283–2296.
  • Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Williamson JM, et al. Pro-tease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1. Lancet. 2002;360:1747–1748.
  • Silverberg MJ, Leyden W, Hurley L, et al. Response to newly prescribed lipid-lowering therapy in patients with and without HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150: 301–313.
  • Walmsley S, Bernstein B, King M, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:2039–2046.
  • Carey D, Amin J, Boyd M, Petoumenos K, Emery S. Lipid profiles in HIV-infected adults receiving atazanavir and atazanavir/ritonavir: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:1878–1888.
  • Banhegyi D, Katlama C, da Cunha CA, et al. Week 96 effi-cacy, virology and safety of darunavir/r versus lopinavir/r in treatment-experienced patients in TITAN. Curr HIV Res. 2012;10:171–181.
  • Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, et al. Adherence to pro-tease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:21–30.
  • Tibotec. Prezista: summary of product characteristics. 2010. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Productinformation/human/000183/WC500051481.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2012.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Preven-tion. 2007 disease profile. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009:7–14.
  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Pro-gram (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treat-ment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497.
  • Ledru E, Christeff N, Patey O, de Truchis P, Melchior JC, Gougeon ML. Alteration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha T-cell homeostasis following potent antiretroviral therapy: contribution to the development of human immunodefi-ciency virus-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. Blood. 2000;95:3191–3198.
  • Kotler DP, Rosenbaum K, Wang J, Pierson RN. Studies of body composition and fat distribution in HIV-infected and control subjects. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retro-virol. 1999;20:228–237.
  • Clotet B, Negredo E. HIV protease inhibitors and dyslipid-emia. AIDS Rev. 2003;5:19–24.
  • Stein JH. Dyslipidemia in the era of HIV protease inhibitors. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;45:293–304.
  • Carper MJ, Cade WT, Cam M, et al. HIV-protease inhibitors induce expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in insulin-sensitive tissues and promote insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol. 2008;294:E558–E567.
  • Brown TT, Li X, Cole SR, et al. Cumulative exposure to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with insulin resistance markers in the Multi-center AIDS Cohort Study. AIDS. 2005;19:1375–1383.
  • Kannel WB, Giordano M. Long-term cardiovascular risk with protease inhibitors and management of the dyslipid-emia. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:901–906.
  • van Leth F, Phanuphak P, Stroes E, et al. Nevirapine and efavirenz elicit different changes in lipid profiles in antiret-roviral-therapy-naive patients infected with HIV-1. PLoS Med. 2004;1:E19.
  • van der Valk M, Kastelein JJ, Murphy RL, et al. Nevi-rapine containing antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected patients results in an anti-atherogenic lipid profile. AIDS. 200115: 2407–2414.
  • Tashima KT, Bausserman L, Alt EN, Aznar E, Flanigan TP. Lipid changes in patients initiating efavirenz- and indinavir-based antiretroviral regimens. HIV Clin Trials. 2003;4:29–36.
  • Goldberg IJ. Clinical review 124: Diabetic dyslipidemia: causes and consequences. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2001;86:965–971.
  • Brown TT, Cole SR, Li X, et al. Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in the multicenter AIDS cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1179–1184.
  • Bevilacqua M, Dominguez LJ, Barbagallo M. Insulin resis-tance and the cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV infection. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2009;4:40–43.
  • Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Parise H, Sullivan L, Meigs JB. Metabolic syndrome as a precursor of cardiovas-cular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2005;112:3066–3072.
  • DAD Study Group, Früs-Moller N, Reiss P, et al. Class of antiretroviral drugs and the risk of myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1723–1735.
  • Purnell JQ, Zambon A, Knopp RH, et al. Effect of ritonavir on lipids and post-heparin lipase activities in normal sub-jects. AIDS. 2000;14:51–57.
  • Carr A, Samaras K, Thorisdottir A, Kaufmann GR, Chisholm DJ, Cooper DA. Diagnosis, prediction, and natural course of HIV-1 protease-inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus: a cohort study. Lancet. 1999;353:2093–2099.
  • Torriani FJ, Komarow L, Parker RA, et al. Endothelial function in human immunodeficiency virus-infected anti-retroviral-naive subjects before and after starting potent antiretroviral therapy: the ACTG (AIDS Clinical Trials Group) Study 5152s. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:569–576.
  • Bristol-Meyers Squibb. Reyataz: summary of product characteristics. 2009. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000494/WC500056380.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2012.
  • Gatell J, Salmon-Ceron D, Lazzarin A, et al; for the SWAN Study Group. Efficacy and safety of atazanavir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients with viro-logic suppression switched from a stable, boosted or unboosted protease inhibitor treatment regimen: the SWAN Study (A1424-097) 48-week results. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1484–1492.
  • Mallolas J, Podzamczer D, Milinkovic A, et al. Efficacy and safety of switching from boosted lopinavir to boosted ata-zanavir in patients with virological suppression receiving a LPV/r-containing HAART: the ATAZIP study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51:29–36.
  • Squires KE, Young B, Dejesus E, et al. Similar efficacy and tolerability of atazanavir compared with atazanavir/ritona-vir, each with abacavir/lamivudine after initial suppression with abacavir/lamivudine plus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2010;24:2019–2027.
  • Mobius U, Lubach-Ruitman M, Castro-Frenzel B, et al. Switching to atazanavir improves metabolic disorders in antiretroviral-experienced patients with severe hyperlip-idemia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005;39:174–180.
  • Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adoles-cents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. January 10,2011; 1–166. http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/AdultandAdo-lescentGL.pdf. Accessed February 13,2012.
  • Thompson MA, Aberg JA, Cahn P, et al. Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2010. Recommenda-tions of the International AIDS Society USA Panel. JAMA. 2010;304:321–333.
  • Tomaka F, Lefebvre E, Sekar V, et al. Effects of ritonavir-boosted darunavir vs. ritonavir-boosted atazanavir on lipid and glucose parameters in HIV-negative, healthy volun-teers. HIV Med. 2009;10: 318–327.
  • Fontas E, van Leth F, Sabin CA, et al. Lipid profiles in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy: are different antiretroviral drugs associated with different lipid profiles? J Infect Dis. 2004;189:1056–1074.
  • Thiebaut R, Dabis F, Malvy D, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Mercie P, Daucourt Valentin V. Serum triglycerides, HIV infection, and highly active antiretroviral therapy, Aquitaine Cohort, France, 1996 to 1998. Groupe d'Epidemiologie Clinique du Sida en Aquitaine (GECSA). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;23:261–265.
  • Aberg JA, Tebas P, Overton ET, et al. METABOLIK (Metabolic Evaluation in Treatment-naives Assessing the impact of two BOosted protease inhibitors in Lipids and other marKers [published online ahead of print April 2, 2012]. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. PM ID: 22352336.
  • Kontush A, Chapman MJ. Antiatherogenic small, dense HDL-guardian angel of the arterial wall? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006;3:144-153.
  • Ortiz R, Dejesus E, Khanlou H, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients at week 48. AIDS. 2008;22:1389–1397.
  • Mills AM, Nelson M, Jayaweera D, et al. Once-daily darunavir/ritonavir vs. lopinavir/ritonavir in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected patients: 96-week analysis. AIDS. 2009;23:1679–1688.
  • Baraldi E, Morales-Ramirez J, Schneider S, et al. Effects of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir versus lopinavir/ritonavir on lipid parameters and anthropometrics in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected ARTEMIS patients at Week 96. In: Program and abstract of the 5th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogen-esis, Treatment and Prevention; July 19–22, 2009; Cape Town, South Africa. Abstract MOPEB034.
  • Madruga JV, Berger D, McMurchie M, et al. Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir compared with that of lopinavir-ritonavir at 48 weeks in treatment-experienced, HIV-infected patients in TITAN: a randomised controlled phase III trial. Lancet. 2007;370:49–58.
  • Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499–502.
  • Cahn P, Fourie J, Grinsztejn B, et al. Week 48 analysis of once-daily vs. twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS. 2011;25: 929–939.
  • Arribas J, Arathoon E, Gonsalez CR, et al. Effects of once-daily versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir on lipid parameters at week 48 in treatment-experienced, HIV-1-infected patients with no darunavir resistance-associated mutations in the ODIN study. In: Program and abstracts of the XVIII International AIDS Conference; July 18–23, 2010; Vienna, Austria. Abstract WEPE0115.
  • Katlama C, Esposito R, Gatell JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of TMC114/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV patients: 24-week results of POWER 1. AIDS. 2007;21: 395–402.
  • Molina JM, Cohen C, Katlama C, et al. Safety and efficacy of darunavir (TMC114) with low-dose ritonavir in treat-ment-experienced patients: 24-week results of POWER 3. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:24–31.
  • Arasteh K, Yeni P, Pozniak A, et al. Efficacy and safety of darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced HIV type-1 patients in the POWER 1,2 and 3 trials at week 96. Antivir Ther. 2009;14:859–864.
  • Currier J, Averitt Bridge D, Hagins D, et al. Sex-based out-comes of darunavir-ritonavir therapy: a single-group trial. Ann Int Med. 2010;153:349–357.
  • Currier JS, Martorell C, Osiyemi O, et al. Effects of daruna-vir/ritonavir-based therapy on metabolic and anthropomet-ric parameters in women and men over 48 weeks. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25:333–340.
  • Hill A, Sawyer W, Gazzard B. Effects of first-line use of nucleoside analogues, efavirenz, and ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors on lipid levels. HIV Clin Trials. 2009;10:1–12.
  • Wilkin A, Pozniak AL, Morales-Ramirez J, et al. Long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rilpivirine (RPV, TMC278) in HIV type 1-infected antiretroviral-naive patients: week 192 results from a phase Ilb randomized trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012;28:437–446.
  • Cohen CJ, Molina JM, Cassetti I, et al. Pooled week 96 efficacy, resistance and safety results from the double-blind, randomised, Phase III trials comparing rilpivirine (RPV, TMC278) versus efavirenz (EFV) in treatment-naive, HIV-1-infected adults. In: Program and abstracts of the 6th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogen-esis, Treatment and Prevention; July 17–20, 2011; Rome, Italy. Abstract TULBPE032.
  • Fatkenheuer G, Duvivier C, Rieger A, et al. Lipid profiles for etravirine versus efavirenz in treatment-naive patients in the randomized, double-blind SENSE trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012;67:685–690.
  • Gotuzzo E, Markowitz M, Ratanasuwan W, et al. Sus-tained efficacy and safety of raltegravir after 5 years of combination antiretroviral therapy as initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: final results of a randomized, controlled, Phase ll study (protocol 004) [published online ahead of print 2012]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
  • Rockstroh JK, Lennox JL, Dejesus E, et al. Long-term treatment with raltegravir or efavirenz combined with teno-fovir/emtricitabine for treatment-naive human immunode-ficiency virus-1-infected patients: 156-week results from STARTMRK. Clin Infect Dis. 201153: 807–816.
  • Maclnnes A, Lazzarin A, Di Perri G, et al. Maraviroc can improve lipid profiles in dyslipidemic patients with HIV: results from the MERIT trial. HIV Clin Trials. 201112: 24–36.
  • Nguyen A, Calmy A, Delhumeau C, et al. A randomized crossover study to compare efavirenz and etravirine treat-ment. AIDS. 201125: 57–63.
  • Nguyen A, Calmy A, Delhumeau C, et al. A randomized cross-over study to compare raltegravir and efavirenz (SWITCH-ER study). AIDS. 201125: 1481–1487.
  • Martinez E, Larrousse M, Llibre JM, et al. Substitution of raltegravir for ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in HIV-infected patients: the SPIRAL study. AIDS. 2010;24:1697–1707.
  • Eron JJ, Young B, Cooper DA, et al. Switch to a raltegravir-based regimen versus continuation of a lopinavir-ritona-vir-based regimen in stable HIV-infected patients with suppressed viraemia (SWITCHMRK 1 and 2): two multi-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2010;375:396–407.
  • Mills A, Cohen C, DeJesus E, et al. Virologic suppression is maintained in virologically suppressed HIV-1 infected subjects switching from efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF) single-tablet regi-men (STR) to emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/RPVTTDF) STR: week 24 results of study 264–111. In: Program and abstracts of the 18th Annual Conference of the British HIV Association; April 18–20, 2012; Birmingham, UK. Abstract P186.
  • Palella F, Tebas P, Gazzard B, et al. SPIRIT study: switching to emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir df (FTC/RPVTTDF) sin-gle-tablet regimen (STR) from a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibi-tors (NRTIS) maintains HIV suppression and improves serum lipids in HIV-1 infected subjects. In: Program and abstracts of the XIX International AIDS Conference; July 22–27, 2012; Washington DC, USA. Abstract TUAB0104.
  • Waters L, Fisher M, Winston A, et al. A phase IV, double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot study to assess the feasibility of switching individuals receiving efavirenz with continuing central nervous system adverse events to etravirine. AIDS. 2011;25:65–71.
  • Francisci D, Giannini S, Baldelli F, et al. HIV type 1 infec-tion, and not short-term HAART, induces endothelial dys-function. AIDS. 2009;23:589–596.
  • Ford ES, Greenwald JH, Richterman AG, et al. Tradi-tional risk factors and D-dimer predict incident cardio-vascular disease events in chronic HIV infection. AIDS. 2010;24:1509–1517.
  • Blake GJ, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and other inflam-matory risk markers in acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41: 37S–42S.
  • Phillips AN, Carr A, Neuhaus J, et al. Interruption of anti-retroviral therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV-1 infection: exploratory analyses from the SMART trial. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:177–187.
  • Duprez DA, KuIler LH, Tracy R, et al. INSIGHT SMART Study Group. Lipoprotein particle subclasses, cardio-vascular disease and HIV infection. Atherosclerosis. 2009;207:524–529.
  • Neuhaus J, Jacobs DR Jr, Baker JV, et al. Markers of inflammation, coagulation, and renal function are ele-vated in adults with HIV infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;201: 1788–1795.
  • Kalayjian RC, Machekano RN, Rizk N, et al. Pretreat-ment levels of soluble cellular receptors and interleukin-6 are associated with HIV disease progression in subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1796–1805.
  • Golomb BA, Evans MA. Statin adverse effects: a review of the literature and evidence for a mitochondrial mechanism. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2008;8:373–418.
  • Visnegarwala F, Maldonado M, Sajja P, et al. Lipid lowering effects of statins and fibrates in the management of HIV dyslipidemias associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV clinical practice. J Infect. 2004;49:283–290.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.