REFERENCES
- Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Executive summary: Heart disease and stroke statistics--2012 update: A report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125(1):188–197.
- Duncan PW, Samsa GP, Weinberger M, et al. Health status of individuals with mild stroke. Stroke. 1997;28(4):740–745.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of disabilities and associated health conditions among adults - United States, 1999. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001:50:120–125.
- Delaney G, Potter P. Disability post stroke. In: Teasel! R, ed. Long-Term Consequences of Stroke. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: State of the Art Reviews. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1993.
- Nakayama H, Jorgensen HS, Raaschou HO, Olsen TS. Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke: The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75(8): 852–857.
- Gracies JM. Pathophysiology of spastic paresis. I: Paresis and soft tissue changes. Muscle Nerve. 2005;31 (5):535–551.
- Gresham GE, Duncan PW, Stason WB, et al. Post-Stroke Rehabilitation. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 16 (AHCPR Publication No. 95–0662). Rockville, MD: US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1995.
- Goldenberg G, Daumuller M, Hagmann S. Assessment of therapy of complex activities of daily living in apraxia. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2001;11:147–169.
- Goldenberg G, Hagmann S. Therapy of activities of daily living in patients with apraxia. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 1998;8:128–141.
- Smania N, Girardi F, Domenicali C, Lora E, Aglioti S. The rehabilitation of limb apraxia: A study in left-brain-damaged patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(4):379–388.
- De Renzi E. Apraxia. In: Boller F, Grafman J, eds. Handbook of Neuropsychology. Vol 2. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989:245–263.
- Heilman KM, Maher LM, Greenwald ML, Rothi U. Conceptual apraxia from lateralized lesions. Neurology. 1997;49(2):457–464.
- De Renzi E, Motti F, NicheIli P. Imitating gestures. A quantitative approach to ideomotor apraxia. Arch Neurol. 1980;37(1):6–10.
- Vanbellingen T, Bohlhalter S. Apraxia in neurorehabilitation: Classification, assessment and treatment. NeuroRehabilitation. 2011;28(2):91–98.
- Buxbaum U. Ideomotor apraxia: A call to action. Neurocase. 2001;7(6):445–458.
- Buxbaum LJ, Johnson-Frey SH, Bartlett-Williams M. Deficient internal models for planning hand-object interactions in apraxia. Neuropsychologia. 2005;43(6):917–929.
- Haaland KY, Harrington DL, Knight RT. Neural representations of skilled movement. Brain. 2000;123(Pt 11):2306–2313.
- Heilman KM, Rothi LJ, Valenstein E. Two forms of ideomotor apraxia. Neurology. 1982;32(4): 342–346.
- Koski L, lacoboni M, Mazziotta JC. Deconstructing apraxia: Understanding disorders of intentional movement after stroke. Curr Opin Neurol. 2002;15(1):71–77.
- Goldenberg G. Apraxia and beyond: Life and work of Hugo Liepmann. Cortex. 2003;39(3):509–524.
- Goodglass H, Kaplan E. Disturbance of gesture and pantomime in aphasia. Brain. 1963;86:703–720.
- Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. II. Brain. 1965;88(3):585–644.
- Geschwind N. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man. I. Brain. 1965;88(2):237–294.
- Poizner H, Mack L, Verfaellie M, Rothi LJ, Heilman KM. Three-dimensional computergraphic analysis of apraxia. Neural representations of learned movement. Brain. 1990;113(Pt 1):85–101.
- Donkervoort M, Dekker J, van den Ende E, Stehmann-Saris JC, Deelman BG. Prevalence of apraxia among patients with a first left hemisphere stroke in rehabilitation centres and nursing homes. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(2):130–136.
- Donkervoort M, Dekker J, Deelman B. The course of apraxia and ADL functioning in left hemisphere stroke patients treated in rehabilitation centres and nursing homes. Clin Rehabil. 2006;20(12): 1085–1093.
- Barbieri C, De Renzi E. The executive and ideational components of apraxia. Cortex. 1988;24(4): 535–543.
- Basso A, Capitani E, Della Sala S, Laiacona M, Spinnler H. Recovery from ideomotor apraxia. A study on acute stroke patients. Brain. 1987;110 (Pt 3):747–760.
- Kaya K, Unsal-Delialioglu S, Kurt M, Altinok N, Ozel S. Evaluation of ideomotor apraxia in patients with stroke: A study of reliability and validity. J Rehabil Med. 2006;38(2):108–112.
- Sunderland A, Bowers MP, Sluman SM, Wilcock DJ, Ardron ME. Impaired dexterity of the ipsilateral hand after stroke and the relationship to cognitive deficit. Stroke. 1999;30(5):949–955.
- Foundas AL, Raymer AM, Maher LM, Rothi LG, Heilman KM. Recovery in ideomotor apraxia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1993;15:44.
- Poeck K. The clinical examination for motor apraxia. Neuropsychologia. 1986;24(1):129–134.
- Bjørneby ER, Reinvang IR. Acquiring and maintaining self-care skills after stroke. The predictive value of apraxia. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1985;17(2):75–80.
- Hanna-Pladdy B, Heilman KM, Foundas AL. Ecological implications of ideomotor apraxia: Evidence from physical activities of daily living. Neurology. 2003;60(3):487–490.
- Sundet K, Finset A, Reinvang I. Neuropsychological predictors in stroke rehabilitation. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1988;10(4):363–379.
- Walker CM, Sunderland A, Sharma J, Walker MF. The impact of cognitive impairment on upper body dressing difficulties after stroke: A video analysis of patterns of recovery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(1):43–48.
- Sunderland A, Shinner C. Ideomotor apraxia and functional ability. Cortex. 2007;43(3):359–367.
- Foundas AL, Macauley BL, Raymer AM, et al. Ecological implications of limb apraxia: Evidence from mealtime behavior. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1995;1(1 ):62–66.
- van Heugten CM, Dekker J, Deelman BG., Stehmann-Saris JC., Kinebanian A.. Rehabilitation of stroke patients with apraxia: The role of additional cognitive and motor impairments. Disabil Rehabil. 2000;22(12):547–554.
- van Heugten CM, Dekker J, Deelman BG., van Dijk AJ, Stehmann-Saris JC, Kinebanian A. Outcome of strategy training in stroke patients with apraxia: A phase II study. Clin Rehabil. Aug 1998;12(4): 294–303.
- Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure: A new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil. 1987;1:6–18.
- Dodds TA, Martin DP, Stolov WC, Deyo RA. A validation of the Functional Independence Measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74(5):531–536.
- Hsueh IP, Lin JFI, Jeng JS, Hsieh CL. Comparison of the psychometric characteristics of the Functional Independence Measure, 5 item Barthel Index, and 10 item Barthel Index in patients with stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002; 73(2):188–190.
- Fugl-Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I, Olsson S, Steglind S. The post-stroke hemiplegic patient. 1. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7(1):13–31.
- Gladstone DJ, Danells CJ, Black SE. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor recovery after stroke: A critical review of its measurement properties. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2002;16(3):232–240.
- DeWeerdt W, Harrison M. Measuring recovery of arm-hand function in stroke patients: A comparison of the Brunnstrom-Fugl-Meyer test and Action Research Arm test. Physiotherapy. 1985;70:542–548.
- Fugl-Meyer AR. Post-stroke hemiplegia assessment of physical properties. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl. 1980;7:85–93.
- Hanna-Pladdy B, Heilman KM, Foundas AL. Cortical and subcortical contributions to ideomotor apraxia: Analysis of task demands and error types. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 12):2513–2527.
- Wu AJ, Radel J, Hanna-Pladdy B. Improved function after combined physical and mental practice after stroke: A case of hemiparesis and apraxia. Am J Occup Ther. 2011;65(2):161–168.
- Rothi LIG, Raymer AM, Heilman KM. Limb praxis assessment. In: Rothi LIG, Heilman KM, eds. Apraxia: The Neuropsychology of Action. Brain Damage, Behaviour and Cognition Series. Hove, UK: Psychology Press; 1997:61–73.
- Rothi LIG, Raymer AM, Ochipa C, Maher LM, Greenwald ML, Heilman KM. Florida Apraxia Battery. Unpublished experimental edition. 1992.
- Power E, Code C, Croot K, Sheard C, Gonzalez Rothi U. Florida Apraxia Battery-Extended and revised Sydney (FABERS): Design, description, and a healthy control sample. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010;32(1):1–18.
- Govan L, Weir CJ, Langhorne P. Organized inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. Stroke. 2008;39(8):2402–2403.
- IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0. Released 2011. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
- Heinemann AW, Roth EJ, Cichowski K, Betts HB. Multivariate analysis of improvement and outcome following stroke rehabilitation. Arch Neurol. 1987;44(11):1167–1172.
- Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159–174.
- Unsal-Delialioglu S, Kurt M, Kaya K, Culha C, Ozel S. Effects of ideomotor apraxia on functional outcomes in patients with right hemiplegia. Int J Rehabil Res. 2008;31(2):177–180.
- Ozdemir F, Birtane M, Tabatabaei R, Kokino S, Ekuklu G. Comparing stroke rehabilitation outcomes between acute inpatient and nonintense home settings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(10):1375–1379.
- Faglioni P, Basso, A. Historical perspectives on neuroanatomical correlates of limb apraxia. Adv Psychol. 1985;23:3–44.
- Beninato M, Gill-Body KM, Salles S, Stark PC, Black-Schaffer RM, Stein J. Determination of the minimal clinically important difference in the FIM instrument in patients with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(1):32–39.
- Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*POWER 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175–191.
- Shelton FD, Volpe BT, Reding M. Motor impairment as a predictor of functional recovery and guide to rehabilitation treatment after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2001;15(3):229–237.
- Wagner JM, Rhodes JA, Patten C. Reproducibility and minimal detectable change of three-dimensional kinematic analysis of reaching tasks in people with hemiparesis after stroke. Phys Ther. 2008;88(5):652–663.
- Colebatch JG, Gandevia SC. The distribution of muscular weakness in upper motor neuron lesions affecting the arm. Brain. 1989;112(Pt 3):749–763.
- Jones RD, Donaldson IM, Parkin PJ. Impairment and recovery of ipsilateral sensory-motor function following unilateral cerebral infarction. Brain. 1989;112(Pt 1):113–132.
- Robinson LM, Fitts SS, Kraft GH. Laterality of performance in fingertapping rate and grip strength by hemisphere of stroke and gender. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990;71(9):695–698.
- Haaland KY, Harrington DL. Hemispheric control of the initial and corrective components of aiming movements. Neuropsychologia. 1989;27(7):961–969.