REFERENCES
- Bender L, Mckenna K. Hemiplegic shoulder pain: Defining the problem and its management. Disabil Rehabil. 2001;23(16):698–705.
- Ryerson S, Levit K. The shoulder in hemiplegia. In: DonateIli R, ed. Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. 3rd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1997:205–227
- Aras MD, Gokkaya NK, Comert D, et al. Shoulder pain in hemiplegia: Results from a national rehabilitation hospital in Turkey. Am I Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;83:713–719.
- Bachmann GF, Melzer C, Heinrichs CM, Möhring B, Rominger MB. Diagnosis of rotator cuff lesions: Comparison of US and MRI on 38 joint specimens. Eur Radiol. 1997; 7(2):192–197.
- Arslan G, Apaydin A, Kabaaliogli A, Sindel T, Liileci E. Sonographically detected subacromial/ subdeltoid bursal effusion and biceps tendon sheath fluid: Reliable signs of rotator cuff tear. J Clin Ultrasound. 1999;27:335–339.
- Özgiil A, Taşaynatan MA, Bal Ajda, Kalyon T. Omuz Ağrili Hastalarda Ultrasonografi ye Magnetik Rezonans Görüntüleme. Romatizma. 2004;19(2):117–122.
- Shah RR, Haghpanah S, Elovic EP, et al. MRI findings in the painful poststroke shoulder. Stroke. 2008;39:1808–1813.
- Távora DG, Gama RL, Bomfim RC, Nakayama M, Silva CE. MRI findings in the painful hemiplegic shoulder. Clin Radiol. 2010;65(10):789–794.
- Brunnstrom S. Motor testing procedures in hemiplegia based on sequential recovery stages. Am I Phys Ther. 1966;46:357–375.
- Yamamoto A, Takagishi K, Osawa T, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of a rotator cuff tear in the general population. I Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010;19(4116–120.
- Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner. 1964;192:540–542
- Prévost R, Arsenault AB, Dutil E, et al. Shoulder subluxation in hemiplegia:Aradiologiccorrelational study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1987;68:782–785.
- Weiner PS, Macnab I. Ruptures of rotator cuff: Follow up evaluation of operative repairs. Can I Surg. 1970:13:219–227.
- Van Quwenaller C, Laplace PM, Chantraine A. Painful shoulder in hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;6:23–36.
- Zehetgruber H, Lang T, Wurnig C. Distinction between supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis tendon tears with ultrasound in 332 surgically confirmed cases. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2002;28(6):711–717.
- Naredo E, Aguado P, De Miguel E, Uson J, et al. Painful shoulder: Comparison of physical examination and ultrasonographic findings. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:132–136.
- Cofield RH. Current concepts review. Rotator cuff disease of the shoulder. I Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67:974–979.
- Nelson MC, Leather GP, Nirschl RP, Pettrone FA, Freedman MT. Evaluation of the painful shoulder. A prospective comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and operative findings. I Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73(5):707–716.
- Lee CL, Chen TW, Weng MC, Wang YL, Cheng HS, Huang MH. Ultrasonographic findings in hemiplegic shoulders of stroke patients. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2002;18(2):70–76.
- Huang YC, Liang PJ, Pong YP, Leong CP, Tseng CH. Physical findings and sonography of hemiplegic shoulder in patients after acute stroke during rehabilitation. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42(1):21–26.
- Lee IS, Shin YB, Moon TY, Jeong YJ, Song JW, Kim DH. Sonography of patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke: Correlation with motor recovery stage. Am J Roentgenol. 2009;192(2):W40–44.
- Lo SF, Chen SY, Lin HC, et al. Arthrographic and clinicalfindingsin patientswith hemiplegicshoulder pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:1786–1791.
- Rizk TE,Christopher RP,Pinals RS,etal.Arthrographic studies in painful hemiplegic shoulders. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;65:254–256.
- Bruckner FE, Nye Cl. A prospective study of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder ("frozen shoulder") in a high risk population. Q I Med. 1981;50:191–204.