Neutron-Production Yields from 400 MeV/Nucleon Iron Stopping in Carbon, Aluminum, Copper, and Lead Targets

REFERENCES

• H. IWASE, K. NIITA, and T. NAKAMURA, “Development of General-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Monte Carlo Code,” J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 39, 1142 (2002).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. GUDOWSKA, N. M. SOBOLEVSKY, P. ANDREO, D. BELKIĆ, and A. BRAHME, “Ion Beam Transport in TissueLike Media Using the Monte Carlo Code SHIELD-HIT,” Phys. Med. Biol., 49, 1933 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. HUGHES, K. J. ADAMS, M. B. CHADWICK, J. C. COMLY, S. C. FRANKLE, J. S. HENDRICKS, R. C. LITTLE, R. E. PRAEL, L. S. WATERS, and P. G. YOUNG Jr., “MCNPX™—The LAHET™/MCNP™ Code Merger,” Proc. 3rd Workshop Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments (SARE 3), Tsukuba, Japan, May 7–9, 1997, KEK Proceedings 97-5, H/R/D, p. 44, H. HIRAYAMA, Ed. (1997).
   Google Scholar
• A. FASSÒ, A. FERRARI, J. RANFT, and P. R. SALA, “New Developments in FLUKA Modeling Hadronic and EM Interactions,” Proc. 3rd Workshop Simulating Accelerator Radiation Environments (SARE 3), Tsukuba, Japan, May 7–9, 1997, KEK Proceedings 97-5, H/R/D, H. HIRAYAMA, Ed. (1997).
   Google Scholar
• N. V. MOKHOV, “The MARS Code System User’s Guide,” Fermilab-FN-628, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (1995).
   Google Scholar
• T. W. ARMSTRONG and K. G. CHANDLER, “HETC—A High Energy Transport Code,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 49, 110 (1972).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. BRUN, R. HAGELBERG, M. HANSROUL, and J. C. LASSALE, “GEANT User Guide and Reference Manual,” CERN DD/78/2, CERN (1978).
   Google Scholar
• T. NAKAMURA and L. HEILBRONN, Handbook on Secondary Particle Production and Transport by High Energy Heavy Ions, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore (2006).
   Google Scholar
• T. KUROSAWA, N. NAKAO, T. NAKAMURA, Y. UWAMINO, T. SHIBATA, N. NAKANISHI, A. FUKUMURA, and K. MURAKAMI, “Measurements of Secondary Neutrons Produced from Thick Targets Bombarded by High-Energy Helium and Carbon Ions,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 132, 30 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. KUROSAWA, N. NAKAO, T. NAKAMURA, Y. UWAMINO, T. SHIBATA, A. FUKUMURA, and K. MURAKAMI, “Measurements of Secondary Neutrons Produced from Thick Targets Bombarded by High Energy Neon Ions,” J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 36, 41 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. KUROSAWA, N. NAKAO, T. NAKAMURA, H. IWASE, H. SATO, Y. UWAMINO, and A. FUKUMURA, “Neutron Yields from Thick C, Al, Cu, and Pb Targets Bombarded by 400 MeV/Nucleon Ar, Fe, Xe and 800 MeV/nucleon Si Ions,” Phys. Rev. C, 62, 044615-1 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• J. F. ZIEGLER, J. P. BIERSACK, and U. LITTMARK, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, New York (2003).
   Google Scholar
• L. HEILBRONN, Y. IWATA, and H. IWASE, “Off-Line Correction for Excessive Constant-Fraction-Discriminator Walk in Neutron Time-of-Flight Experiments,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 522, 495 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Y. IWATA, T. MURAKAMI, H. SATO, H. IWASE, T. NAKAMURA, T. KUROSAWA, L. HEILBRONN, R. M. RONNINGEN, K. IEKI, Y. TOZAWA, and K. NIITA, “DoubleDifferential Cross Sections for the Neutron Production from Heavy-Ion Reactions at Energies E/A = 290-600 MeV,” Phys. Rev. C, 64, 054609 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• J. H. HELTSLEY, L. BRANDON, A. GALONSKY, L. HEILBRONN, B. A. REMINGTON, S. LANGER, A. VAN DERMOLEN, and J. YURKON, “Particle Identification via Pulse-Shape Discrimination with a Charge-Integrating ADC,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 263, 441 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• L. HEILBRONN, R. S. CARY, M. CRONQVIST, F. DEÁK, K. FRANKEL, A. GALONSKY, K. HOLABIRD, Á. HORVATH, Á. KISS, J. KRUSE, R. M. RONNINGEN, H. SCHE-LIN, Z. SERES, C. E. STRONACH, J. WANG, P. ZECHER, and C. ZEITLIN, “Neutron Yields from 155 MeV/Nucleon Carbon and Helium Stopping in Aluminum,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 132, 1 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• R. A. CECIL, B. D. ANDERSON, and R. MADEY, “Improved Predictions of Neutron Efficiency for Hydrocarbon Scintillators from 1 MeV to About 300 MeV,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, 161, 439 (1979).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. H. HEILBRONN, PhD Thesis, Michigan State University (1991).
   Google Scholar
• N. NAKAO, T. NAKAMURA, M. BABA, Y. UWAMINO, N. NAKANISHI, H. NAKASHIMA, and S. TANAKA, “Measurements of Response Function of Organic Liquid Scintillator for Neutron Energy Range up to 135 MeV,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 362, 454 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. NIITA, H. TAKADA, S. MEIGO, and Y. IKEDA, “High-Energy Particle Transport Code NMTC/JAM,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 184, 406 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. NARA, N. OTUKA, A. OHNISHI, K. NIITA, and S. CHIBA, “Relativistic Nuclear Collisions at 10A GeV Energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the Hadronic Cascade Model,” Phys. Rev. C, 61, 024901 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. FURIHATA, “The GEM Code—A Simulation Program for the Evaporation and Fission Process of an Excited Nucleus,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 171, 251 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.-Q. SHEN, B. WANG, J. FENG, W.-L. ZHAN, Y.-T. ZHU, and E.-P. FENG, “Total Reaction Cross Section for Heavy-Ion Collisions and Its Relation to the Neutron Excess Degree of Freedom,” Nucl. Phys. A, 491, 130 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• T. W. ARMSTRONG and K. C. CHANDLER, “SPAR, A Fortran Program for Computing Stopping Powers and Ranges for Muons, Charged Pions, Protons, and Heavy Ions,” ORNL-4869, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1973).
   Google Scholar
• K. NIITA, S. CHIBA, T. MARUYAMA, H. TAKADA, T. FUKAHORI, Y. NAKAHARA, and A. IWAMOTO, “Analysis of the (N, xN’) Reactions by Quantum Molecular Dynamics Plus Statistical Decay Model,” Phys. Rev. C, 52, 2620 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar