Radiation Effects in Silicate Glasses Pertinent to Their Application as a Radioactive Waste Storage Medium

REFERENCES

• More elaborate introductions may be found in W. PRIMAK,“Notes on Radiation Effects in Glasses Pertinent to Solid Storage of Radioactive Wastes,” Proc. Workshop Ceramic and Glass Radioactive Waste Forms, Germantown, Maryland, January 4-5, 1977, ERDA Report CONF-770102, D. W. READEY and C. R. COOLEY, Eds. (1977);
   Google Scholar
  W. PRIMAK and M. BOHMANN, “Radiation Damage,” Progress in Ceramic Science, Vol. 2, p. 103, J. E. BURKE, Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1961).
   Google Scholar
• M. FARADAY, “Sur la colouration produite par la luminaire dans une ese particulaiere de carreaux de vitres,” Ann. Chem. Phys., 25, 99 (1825);
   Google Scholar
  see also A. SPLITTGERBER, “Über Farbenerscheinungen an einen gelbem Glase,” Ann. Physik, 166 (1839);
   Google Scholar
  M. J. PELOUZE, “Chemierecherches sur le vene,” Compte. Rend., 53 (1867);
   Google Scholar
  T. GAFFIELD, “The Action of Sunlight on Glass,” Am. J. Sei. Arts, 97, 244 and 316 (1867).
   Google Scholar
• P. CURIE and M. CURIE, “The Chemical Effects Produced by Becquerel Rays,” Compt. Rend., 823 (1899);
   Google Scholar
  see also S. MEYER and K. PRZIBRAM, “Influence of Radium Radiations on Glass and Certain Minerais,” Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien Ila, 129121, 1413 (1912);
   Google Scholar
  see also E. RUTHERFORD, J. CHADWICK, and C. D. ELLIS, Radiations from Radioactive Substances, Cambridge University Press, London (1930).
   Google Scholar
• “Use of Borosilicate-Glass Raschig Rings as a Neutron Absorber in Solutions of Fissile Materials,” ANSI N16.4, American National Standards Institute (1971);
   Google Scholar
  see also J. P. NICHOLS, C. L. SCHUSKE, and D. W. MAGNUSON, “Use of Borosilicate Glass Raschig Rings as a Neutron Absorber in Solutions of Fissile Materials,” Y-CDC-8 91971, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1971).
   Google Scholar
• J. STARK and G. WENDT, “Über das Eindringen von Kanalstrahlen in feste Körper,” Ann. d. Phys., 38, 934 (1912).
   Google Scholar
• L. F. CURTISS, “Pyrex as a Container for Radium Solution,” Nature, 120, 406 (1927);
   Google Scholar
  see also S. C. LIND, “Pyrex Glass as a Radium Container,” Science, 68, 643 (1928).
   Google Scholar
• E. LELL, N. J. KREIDL, and J. R. HENSLER, “Radiation Effects in Quartz, Silica, and Glasses,” Progress in Ceramic Science, Vol. 4, p. 1, J. E. BURKE, Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1966).
   Google Scholar
• G. CARTER and W. A. GRANT, “The Ion Bombardment of Glass,” Phys. Chem. Glasses, 7, 94 (1966).
   Google Scholar
• R. L. FLEISCHER and P. B. PRICE, “Charged Particle Tracks in Glass,” J. Appl. Phys., 34, 2903 (1963).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. L. FLEISCHER, P. B. PRICE, and R. M. WALKER, “Ion Explosion Spike Mechanism for Formation of Charged-Particle Tracks in Solids,” J. Appl. Phys., 36, 3645 (1965).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. KRATSCHMER, “Die anätzbarem Spuren künstlich beschleunigter schwere Ionen in Quartzglas,” Dissertation, Ruprecht-Karl Universität, Heidelberg (1971).
   Google Scholar
• “Disposal of Radioactive Wastes,” Proc. Monaco Conf., 1959, International Atomic Energy Agency (1960);
   Google Scholar
  see also “Treatment and Storage of High Level Radioactive Wastes,” IAEA Symposium, Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency (1962).
   Google Scholar
• “Annual Report on the Characterization of High-Level Waste Glasses,” PNL-2625, Pacific Northwest Laboratory (1978).
   Google Scholar
• H. HOLLAND, “Radiation Damage and Its Use in Age Determination,” Nuclear Technology p. 178, H. FAUL, Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York(1954).
   Google Scholar
• W. A. SIBLEY and D. POOLEY, “Radiation Studies of Materials Using Color Centers,” Treatise on Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 5, p. 45, H. HERMAN, Ed., Academic Press, New York (1974).
   Google Scholar
• E. LELL, N. J. KREIDL, and J. R. HENSLER, “Radiation Effects in Quartz, Silica, and Glasses,” Progress in Ceramic Science, Vol. 4, p. 58, J. E. BURKE, Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1966).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK and E. EDWARDS, “Radiation-Induced Dilatations in Vitreous Silica,” Phys. Rev., 2580 (1962);
   Google Scholar
  see also W. PRIMAK and R. KAMPWIRTH, “Ionization Expansion of Pile Exposed Vitreous Silica,” J. Appl. Phys., 40 (2565) (1969).
   Google Scholar
• V. P. SINGH and A. P. SHARMA, “Influence of the Irradiation of High Dose Gamma Rays on the Track Development Properties of Soda-Lime Glass Detectors,” Int. J. Appl. Rad. Isotopes, 32, 283 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• S. FRIED, A. FRIEDMAN, J. C. SULLIVAN, K. NASH, D. COHEN, and R. SJOBLOM, “The Radiolytic Oxidation and Reduction of Plutonium,” Scientific Basis for Waste Management, Vol. 2, p. 655, C. J. M. NORTHRUP, Jr., Ed., Plenum Press, New York (1980);
   Google Scholar
  see also K. L. NASH, S. FRIED, A. M. FRIEDMAN, N. SUSAK, P. RICKERT, and J. C. SULLIVAN, “Radiation Effects in Solution and on the Solid/Liquid Interface,” Nucl. Technol., 60, 257 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK and E. MONAHAN, Argonne National Laboratory, Private Communication (1979).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, The Compacted States of Vitreous Silica, Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc., New York (1975).
   Google Scholar
• W. A. WEYL, “Transition in Glass,” Phase Transitions in Solids, pp. 305, 311, R. SMOLUCHOWSKI, J. E. MAYER, and W. A. WEYL, Eds., J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1951).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, L. H. FUCHS, and P. P. DAY, “Radiation Damage in Diamond and Silicon Carbide,” Phys. Rev., 103, 1190 (1956).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK and R. KAMPWIRTH, “Impurity Effect in the Ionization Dilation of Vitreous Silica,” J. Appl. Phys., 39, 6010 (1968).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “The Effects of Ionization on Silicate Glasses,” ANL-82-7, Argonne National Laboratory (1982).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK and R. KAMPWIRTH, “The Radiation Compaction of Vitreous Silica,” J. Appl. Phys., 39, 5651 (1968);
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
  see also W. PRIMAK, “Stress Relaxation of Vitreous Silica on Irradiation,” J. Appl. Phys. (to be published).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, Argonne National Laboratory, Private Communication (1981).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Radiation-Enhanced Saline Leaching of Silicate Glasses,” Nucl. Sci. Eng., 80, 689 (1982).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. W. BRIDGMAN and J. SIMON, “Effects of Very High Pressures on Glass,” Appl. Phys., 24, 405 (1953).
   Google Scholar
• J. PAYMAL, “Action des rayonnements sur les verres,” Verres Ref., 15, 259 and 341 (1961) and 16, 20 and 100 (1962).
   Google Scholar
• J. E. SHELBY, “Effect of Radiation on the Physical Properties of Borosilicate Glasses,” J. Appl. Phys., 51, 2561 (1980).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Decoration of Ion-Bombarded Lithium Niobate by Water Vapor Condensation,” Electrets, Charge Storage, and Transport in Dielectrics, p. 546, M. M. PERLMAN, Ed., The Electrochemical Society, Princeton, New Jersey (1973).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Postirradiation Alkali Migration,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 122, 1002 (1975).
   Google Scholar
• J. C. DRAN, M. MAURETTE, and J. C. PETIT, “Radioactive Waste Storage Materials: Their a-Recoil Aging,” Science, 209, 1518 (1980).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. R. CURTMAN and W. PRIMAK, “Transposition of Silver Thiocyanate by Sodium Chloride,” Ind Eng. Che., Anal. Ed., 10, 323 (1938).
   Google Scholar
• N. BIBLER, Savannah River Laboratories, Private Communication (1981).
   Google Scholar
• V. VAND, “A Theory of the Irreversible Electrical Resistance Changes of Metallic Films Evaporated in Vacuum,” Proc. Phys. Soc. (London), 55, 222 (1943).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Fast-Neutron Damaging in Nuclear Reactors: Its Kinetics and the Carbon Atom Displacement Rate,” Phys. Rev., 103, 1681 (1956).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Large Temperature Range Annealing,” J. Appl. Phys., 31, 1524 (1960).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, H. SZYMANSKI, and D. KEIFFER, “Frequency Factors for Annealing Fast-Neutron Induced Density Changes in Vitreous Silica,” J. Appl. Phys., 32, 660 (1961).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Annealing of Radiation Damage in Graphite,” J. Appl. Phys., 49, 4761 (1978).
   Google Scholar
• W. PRIMAK, “Frequency Factors for the Annealing of the Electrical Resistance Changes in Deuteron-Bombarded Copper,” . Appl. Phys., SO, 1279 (1979).
   Google Scholar