Melanocortin receptors: new opportunities in drug discovery

Bibliography

• WIKBERG JES: Melanocortin receptors: perspectives novel drugs. Eur. j Pharmacol. (1999) 375:295–310.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Introductory review on the melanocortin receptors and their therapeutic potential.
   Google Scholar
• DINULESCU DM, CONE RD: Agouti and agouti-relatedprotein: analogies and contrasts. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) 275:6695–6698.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHHAJLANI V, WIKBERG JES: Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. (1992) 309:417–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Original independent first cloning of an MCi receptor.
   Google Scholar
• MOUNTJOY KG, ROBBINS LS, MORTRUD MT et al: The of a family of genes that encode the melano-cortin receptors. Science (1992) 257:1248–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Original independent first cloning of MCi and MC2receptors.
   Google Scholar
• WIKBERG JES, MUCENIECE R, MANDRIKA R et al: New on the melanocortins and their receptors. Pharmacol. Res. (2000) 272:23–28.
   Google Scholar
• ••Comprehensive review covering most recent achievementsin the melanocortin receptor field.
   Google Scholar
• GANTZ I, KONDA Y, TASHIRO T et al: Molecular cloning a novel melanocortin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268:8246–8250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First description of the MC3 receptor in the scientificliterature.
   Google Scholar
• GANTZ I, MIWA H, KONDA Y et al: Molecular cloning, and gene localization of a fourth melano-cortin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) 268:15174–15179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First description of the MC4 receptor in the scientificliterature.
   Google Scholar
• CHHAJLANI V, MUCENIECE R, WIKBERG JES: Molecular of a novel human melanocortin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1993) 195:866–873.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Original cloning of the MC5 receptor.
   Google Scholar
• EBERLE AN: The Melanotropins: Chemistry, Physiology and Mechanisms of Action. Karger, Basel, Switzerland (1988).
   Google Scholar
• PRUSIS P, SCHIOTH HB, MUCENIECE R et al.: Modelling of the three-dimensional structure of the human melanocortin-1 receptor using an automated method and docking of a rigid cyclic MSH core peptide. J. Molecular Graphics Modelling (1997) 15:307–317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Describes the hitherto most reliable 3D model of an MCreceptor.
   Google Scholar
• MILLER MW, DUHL DM, VRIELING H et al: Cloning of the agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiqui-tously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Dev. . (1993) 7:454–467.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Original cloning of ASIP.
   Google Scholar
• SHUTTER JR, GRAHAM M, KINSEY AC, SCULLY S, LUTHY, STARK KL: Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice. Genes Dev. (1997) 11:593–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Original cloning of AGRP.
   Google Scholar
• COWLEY MA, PRONCHUK N, FAN W, DINULESCU DM,COLMERS WF, CONE RD: Integration of NPY, AGRP and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraven-tricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat. Neurone (1999) 24:155–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOLIN KA, ANDERSON DJ, TRULSON JA et al.: NM1tstructure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis. FEBS Lett. (1999) 451:125–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •First description of the 3-dimensional structure of a C-terminal fragment of AGRP.
   Google Scholar
• KONDA Y, GANTZ I, DELVALLE J, SHIMOTO Y, MIWA H,YAMADA T: Interaction of dual intracellular signalling pathways activated by the melanocortin-3 receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) 269:13162–13166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUGGY JJ: Binding of a-melanocyte-stimulatinghormone to its G-protein-coupled receptor on B-lymphocytes activates the Jak/STAT pathway. Biochem. J. (1998) 331 :211–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HADLEY ME, HRUBY VJ, BLANCHARD J et al.: Discovery development of novel melanogenic drugs. Melanotan-I and -II. In: Integration of Pharmaceutical Discover)/ and Development: Case Studies. Borchardt et al. (Eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1998):575–595.
   Google Scholar
• BAGUTTI C, STOLTZ B, ALBERT R, BRUNS C, PLESS J, EBERLE AN: [1111n]DTPA-labelled analogues of a-melanocyte stimulating hormone for melanoma targeting: Receptor binding in vitro and in vivo. mt. J. Cancer (1994) 58:749–755.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LINDBLOM J, SCHHIOTH HB, LARSSON A, WIKBERG JES, BERGSTROM L: Autoradiographic discrimination of melanocortin receptors indicates that the MC3 subtype dominates in the medial brain. Brain Res. (1998) 810:161–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JE.GOU S, BOUTELET I, VAUDRY H: Melanocortin-3receptor mRNA expression in pro-opiomelanocortin neurones of the rat arcuate nucleus./ Neuroendocrinol. (2000) 12:501–505.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHEN AS, MARSH DJ, TRUMBAUER et al.: Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass. Nat. Gen. (2000) 26:97–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••One of two first studies describing the phenotype of MC3knockout mice.
   Google Scholar
• BUTLER AA, KESTERSON RA, KHONG K et al: A unique syndrome causes obesity in the melanocortin-3 receptor-deficient mouse. Endocri-nology (2000) 141: 3518–3521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••One of two first studies describing the phenotype of MC3knockout mice.
   Google Scholar
• POGGIOLI R, VERGONI AV, BERTOLINI A: ACTH-(1-24) alpha-MSH antagonize feeding behavior stimulated by kappa opiate agonists. Peptides (1986) 7:843–848.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •First study describing the ability of a-MSH to inhibit food intake.
   Google Scholar
• VERGONI AV, POGGIOLI R, BERTOLINI A: Corticotropininhibits food intake in rats. Neuropeptides (1986) 7:153–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LU D, WILLARD D, PATEL IR et al.: Agouti protein is anantagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptors. Nature (1994) 371:799–802.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN AS, METZGER JM, TRUMBAUER ME et al.: Role of the melanocortin-4 receptor in metabolic rate and food intake in mice. Transgenic Res. (2000) 9:155–159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ALVARO JD, TATRO JB, QUILLAN JM et al.: Morphine down-regulates melanocortin-4 receptor expression in brain regions that mediate opiate addiction. Mol. Pharm. (1996) 50:583–591.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALVARO JD, TATRO JB, DUMAN RS: Melanocortins and opiate addiction. Life Sci. (1997) 61:1–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LI SJ, VARGA K, ARCHER P et al.: Melanocortin antago-nists define two distinct pathways of cardiovascular control by a-and 7-melanocyte-stimulatinghormones. Neurosci. (1996) 16:5182–5188.
   Google Scholar
• DUNBAR JC, LU H: Leptin-induced increase insympathetic nervous and cardiovascular tone is mediated by proopiomelanocortin (POMC) products. Brain Res. (1999) 50:215–221.
   Google Scholar
• GUARINI S, BAZZANI C, CAINAZZO MM et al.: Evidencethat melanocortin 4 receptor mediates hemorrhagic shock reversal caused by melanocortin peptides. J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1999) 291:1023–1027.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VAN DER KRAAN M, TATRO JB, BRAKKEE JH, BURBACHJPH, ADAN RAH, GISPEN WH: Expression of melano-cortin receptors and pro-opiomelanocortin in the rat spinal cord in relation to neurotrophic effects of melanocortins. Brain Res. MoL Brain Res. (1999) 63:276–286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EBERLE AN, VERIN VJ, SOLCA F et al.: Biologically activemono iodinated alpha-MSH derivatives for receptor binding studies using human melanoma cells. j Recept. Res. (1991) 11:311–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WESSELLS H, FUCIARELLI K, HANSEN J et al.: Syntheticmelanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. j Uroi. (1998) 160:389–393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Clinical study of melanotan-II showing its erectogenic property in humans.
   Google Scholar
• MARSH DJ. HOLLOPETER, YAGALOFF KA, FISHER SL, BURN P, PALMITER RD: Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides. Nat. Genet. (1999) 21:119–122.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HRUBY VJ, LU D, SHARMA SD et al.: Cyclic lactam a-m elan o tr op in analogues of Ac-N1e4-cyclo [Asp5,D-Phe7,Lys10] a-melanocyte-stimulating hormon-(4-10)-N112 with bulky aromatic amino acids at position 7 show high antagonist potency and selectivity at specific melanocortin receptors. J Med. Chem. (1995) 38:3454–3461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHIOTH HB, MUCENIECE R, WIKBERG JES: Characteri-zation of the binding of MSH-B, HP-228, GHRP-6 and 153N-6 to the human melanocortin receptor subtypes. Neuropeptides (1997) 349:359–366.
   Google Scholar
• WEINGER MB, CHAPLAN SR, GIRTEN BE, POWELL FL: Therespiratory effects of the cytokine regulating agent HP 228 alone and in combination with morphine in human volunteers. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (1998) 59:759–766.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CALCUTT NA, DINES KC, CESENA RM: Effects of thepeptide HP228 on nerve disorders in diabetic rats. Metabolism (1998) 47:650–656.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRZOSKA T, ALTMAN B, FASTRICH M et al.: New agonistsand antagonists for the melanocortin receptors: Evaluation of synthetic a-MSH analogues. Dermatol Res. (2000) 292:85.
   Google Scholar
• SKOTTNER A, RAPOSHINO P, KASK A et al.: New lowmolecular weight compounds decrease food intake via the melanocortin receptors. Am. Endocrine Society 82nd Annual Meeting. (2000)290.
   Google Scholar
• KORDIK CP, REITZ AB: Pharmacological treatment of: therapeutic strategies. J. Med. Chem. (1999) 42:181–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELMQUIST JK, ELIAS CF, SAPER CB: From lesions to: hypothalamic control of food intake and body weight. Neurone (1999) 22:221–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Excellent review on the hypothalamic control of feeding behaviour.
   Google Scholar