33
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Novel therapeutics in inflammatory bowel disease

Pages 1081-1096 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • PODOLSKY DK: Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl. J Med.(1991) 325:928–935.
  • FIOCCHI C: Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Gastroenterology(1998) 115:182–205.
  • KONTTINEN YT, BERGROTH V, NORDSTROM D, SEGERBERG-KONTTINEN M, SEPPALA K, SALASPURO M: Lymphocyte activation in vivoin the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease. j Clin. Lab. Immunol.(1987) 22:59–63.
  • SCHREIBER S, MACDERMOTT RP RAEDLER A, PINNAU R, BERTOVICH MJ, NASH GS: Increased activation of isolated intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology (1991)101:1020–1030.
  • BURGIO VL, FATS S, BOIRIVANT M, PERRONE, FALLONE F: Peripheral monocyte and naïve T cell recruitment and activation in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(1995) 109:1029–1038.
  • TARGAN SR, DEEM RL, SHANAHAN F: Role of mucosal T-cell generated cytokines in epithelial cell injury. Immurrol Res.(1991) 10:472–478.
  • MACDERMOTT RP STENSON WF: Alterations in the immune system in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Adv. Immurrol(1988) 42:285–328.
  • PICKER L, BUTCHER EC: Physiological and molecular mechanisms of lymphocyte homing. Ann. Rev Immurrol(1992) 10:561–591.
  • SPRINGER TA: Adhesion receptors in theimmune system. Nature(1990) 346:425–434.
  • SPRINGER TA: Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte immigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell(1994) 76:301–314.
  • KVALE D, KRAJCI P, BRANDTZAEG P: Expression and regulation of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (CD54) and LFA-3 (CD58) in human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Scant/. Immurrol(1992) 35:669–675.
  • WAWRYK SO, NOVOTNY JR, WICKS IP et al:The role of the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction in human leukocyte homing and adhesion. Immurrol Rev(1989) 108:135–161.
  • HORGAN KJ, LUCE GG, TANAKA T et al.:Differential expression of VLA-a4 and VLA-b 1 discriminates multiple of CD4+CD45R0+ "memory" T cells. Immurrol(1992) 149:4082–4087.
  • LOBB RR: Adhesion: Its Role in Inflammatory Disease.Harlan JM, Liu DY (Eds.), WH Freeman, New York, USA (1992).
  • BERNSTEIN CN, SARGENT M, GALLATIN WM: 132 integrin/ICAM expression in Crohn's disease. Chi]. Immurrol Immurropathol(1998) 86:147–159.
  • DUSTIN ML, ROTHLEIN R, BHAN AK, DINARELLO CA, SPRINGER TA: Induction by IL-1 and interferon-T tissue distribution, biochemistry and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). Immurrol(1986) 137:245–254.
  • DUSTIN ML, SPRINGER TA: Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) interaction with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM- 1) is one of at least three mechanisms for lymphocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells. j Cell Biol.(1988) 107:321–331.
  • BERNSTEIN CN, SARGENT M, RAWSTHORNE P, RECTOR E: Peripheral blood lymphocyte 132 integrin and ICAM expression in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis. Sci.(1997) 42:2338–2349.
  • BERNSTEIN CN, SARGENT M, GALLATIN WM, WILKINS J: 132 integrin/ ICAM expression in the normal human intestine. Chi]. Esp. Immurrol(1996) 106:160–169.
  • KOIZUMI M, KING N, LOBB R, BENJAMIN C, POD OLSKY DK: Expression of vascular adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology(1992) 103:840–847.
  • YACYSHYN BR, LAZAROVITS A, TSAI V, MATEJKO K: Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and normal intestinal lymphocytes express integrins in dissimilar patterns. Gastroenterology(1994) 107:1364–1371.
  • MEENAN J, SPAANS J, GROOL TA, PALS ST, TYTGAT GN, VAN DEVENTER SJ: Altered expression of a-4 13-7, gut homing receptor, by circulating and mucosal T cells in colonic mucosal inflammation. Gut(1997) 40:241–246.
  • SCHWEIGHOFFER T, TANAKA Y, TIDSWELL M et al:Selective expression of integrin a4 13 7 on as ubset of human CD4+ memory T cells with hallmarks of gut-tropism. j Immurrol(1991) 151:717–729.
  • VAN DER VIERAN M, DIETSCH G, CLARK D, O'BRIEN M, GALLATIN WM, STAUNTON DE: aDI32 expression and ligand interactions: MolecularMechanisms of Leukocyte Trafficking. Keystone Symposium, Lake Tahoe, NV, USA (March 1998) Abstract 330.
  • SALMI M, GRANFORS K, MACDERMOTT R, JALKANEN S: Aberrant binding of lamina propria lymphocytes to vascular endothelium in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology(1994) 106:596–605.
  • NAKAMURA S, OHTANI H, WATANABE Y et al.: In situexpression of the cell adhesion molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Evidence of immunologic activation of vascular endothelial cells. Lab. Invest.(1993) 69:77–85.
  • SEEGERT D, ROSENSTIEL P, PFAHLER P, PFEFFERKORN P, NIKOLAUS S, SCHREIBER S: Increased expression of IL-16 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut(2001) 48:326–332.
  • FUSS IJ, NEURATH M, BOIRIVANT M et al:Disparate CD4+ lamina propria (LP) lymphokine secretion profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. j Immurrol(1996) 157:1261–1270.
  • PAPADAKIS KA, TARGAN SR: Tumor necrosis factor: biology and therapeutic inhibitors. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:1148–1157.
  • VASSALLI P: The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factors. Ann. Rev bramurrol.(1992) 10:411–452.
  • CAVENDER D, SAEGUSA Y, ZIFF M: Stimulation of endothelial cell binding of lymphocytes by tumor necrosis factor. bramurrol.(1987) 139:1855–1860.
  • BINION DG, WEST GA, INA K, ZIATS NP, EMANCIPATOR SN, FIOCCHI C: Enhanced leukocyte binding by intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology(1997) 112:1895–1907.
  • UETA C, KAWASUMI H, FUJIWARA H et al.:Interleukin-12 activates human y 8 T cells: synergistic effect of tumor necrosis factor a. Eur. j Immurrol(1996) 26:3066–
  • BRYNSKOV J, NIELSEN OH, AHNFELT-RONNE I, BENDTZEN K: Cytokines (immunoinflammatory hormones) and their natural regulation in inflammatory bowel disease (crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis): a review. Dig. Dis.(1994) 12:290–304.
  • DAYER JM, BEUTLER B, CERAMI A: Cachectinhumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts. j Esp. Med.(1985) 162:2163–2168.
  • HOLLANDER D, VADHEIM CM, BRETTHOLZ E, PETERSEN GM, DELAHUNTY T, ROTTER JI: Increased intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their relatives. Ann. Int. Med.(1986) 105:883–885.
  • WAKEFIELD AJ, SAWYERR AM, DHILLON AP etal.:Pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: multifocal gastrointestinal infarction. Lancet(1989) 2:1057–1062.
  • WAKEFIELD AJ, SANKEY EA, DHILLON AP etal.:A granulomatous vasculitis in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(1990) 100:1279–1287.
  • KAISER GC AND POLK DB: Tumor necrosis factor-a regulates proliferation in a mouse intestinal cell line. Gastroenterology(1997) 112:1231–1240.
  • NEURATH MF, FUSS I, PASPARAKIS M et al.:Predominant pathogenic role of tumor necrosis factor a in experimental colitis in mice. Eur. j Immurrol(1997) 27:1743–1750.
  • TARGAN SR, HANAUER SB, VAN DEVENTER SJ et al:A short term study of chimeric monoclonal antibody cA2 to tumor necrosis factor-a for Crohn's disease. N. Engl. J. Med(1997) 337:1029–1035.
  • QIAO L, SCHURMANN G, BETZLER M, MEUER SC: Activation and signaling status of human lamina propria T lymphocytes. Gastroenterology(1991) 101:1529–1536.
  • COLGAN SP, PARKOS CA, MATTHEWS JB et al:Interferon-y induces a cell surface phenotype switch on T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Am. j Physiol(1994) 267:402–410.
  • REINECKER H-C, MACDERMOTT RP, MIRAU S, DIGNASS A, PODOLSKY DK: Intestinal epithelial cells both express and respond to interleukin 15. Gastroenterology(1996):1706.
  • DOUKAS J AND POBER JS: IFN-y enhances endothelial activation induced by tumor necrosis factor but not IL-1. Immurrol.(1990) 145:1727–1733.
  • LIEBERMAN BY, FIOCCHI C, YOUNGMAN KR, SAPATNEKAR WK, PROFFITT MR: Interferon y production by human intestinal mucosal mononuclear cells. Decreased levels in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sri.(1988) 33:1297–1304.
  • NEISSNER M, VOLK BA: Altered TH1/ TH2 cytokine profiles in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as assessed by quantitated reversed transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR): CM]. Exp. Immurrol(1995) 101:428–435.
  • WESTERMAN J, PERSIN S, MATYAS J, VAN DER MEIDE P, PABST R: Migration of so-called naive and memory T lymphocytes from blood to lymph in the rat. J. kimono/.(1994) 152:1744–1750.
  • COMINELLI F, NAST CC, DUCHINI A, LEE M: Recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist blocks the proinflammatory activity of endogenous interleukin-1 in rabbit immune colitis. Gastroenterology(1992) 103:65–71.
  • MCCALL RD, HASKILL S, ZIMMERMANN EM, LUND PK, THOMPSON RC, SARTOR RB: Tissue interleukin-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist expression in enterocolitis in resistant and susceptible rats. Gastroenterology(1994) 106:960-972. Si. WEST GA, MATSUURA T, LEVINE AD, KLEIN JS, FIOCCHI C: Interleukin 4 in inflammatory bowel disease and mucosal immune reactivity. Gastroenterology(1996) 110:1683–1695.
  • MATSUURA T, WEST GA, YOUNGMAN KR, KLEIN JS, FIOCCHI C: Immune activation gene in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology(1993) 104:448–458.
  • TRINCHIERI G: Interleukin-12: a cytokine produced by antigen presenting cells with immunoregulatory functions in the generation of T-helper cells type 1 and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Blood(1994) 84:4008–4027.
  • PARRONCHI P, ROMAGNANI P, ANNUNZIATO F et al:Type 1 T-helper cell predominance and interleukin-12 expression in the gut of patients with Crohn's disease. Am. j Pathol(1997) 150:823–832.
  • MONTELEONE G, BIANCONE L, MARASCO R et al.:Interleukin 12 is expressed and actively released by Crohn's disease intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells. Gastroenterology(1997) 112:1169–1178.
  • NEURATH MF, FUSS I, KELSALL BL, STUBER E, STROBER W: Antibodies to interleukin-12 abrogate established experimental colitis in mice. I Exp. Med(1995) 182:1281–1290.
  • ROCKEN M, RACKE M, SHEVACH EM: IL-4 induced immune deviation as antigen-specific therapy for inflammatory autoimmune disease. Immurrol Today(1996) 17:225–231.
  • WANG P, WU P, SIEGE MI, EGAN RW, BILLAH MM: Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits nuclear factor lc B (NFicB) activation in human monocytes: IL-10 and IL-4 suppress cytokine synthesis by different mechanisms. Biol. Chem.(1995) 270:9558–9563.
  • FIORENTINO DF, ZLOTNIK A, VIEIRA P et al:IL-10 acts on the antigen presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Thl cells. I Immurrol(1991) 146:3444–3451.
  • FIORENTINO DF, ZLOTNIK A, MOSMANN TR, HOWARD M, O'GARRA A: IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. Immurrol(1991) 147:3815–3822.
  • RALPH P, NAKOINZ I, SAMPSON-JOHANNES A et al:IL-10, T lymphocyte inhibitor of human blood cell production of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. j Immurrol(1992) 148:808–814.
  • DE WAAL MALEYFT R, YSSEL H, RONCARLO M-G, SPITS H, DE VRIES JE: Interleukin 10. Cum: Opin. Immurrol(1992) 4:314–320.
  • DIGNASS AU AND PODOLSKY DK: Cytokine modulation of intestinal epithelial cell restitution: central role of transforming growth factor b. Gastroenterology(1993) 105:1323–1332.
  • CIACCI C, LIND SE, PODOLSKY DK: Transforming growth factor 13 regulation of migration in wounded rat intestinal epithelial monolayers. Gastroenterology(1993) 105:93–101.
  • MILLER A, EIDER 0, ROBERTS AB, SPORN MB, WEINER HL: Suppressor T cells generated by oral tolerization to myelin basic protein suppresses both in vitro and in vivo immune responses by the release of transforming growth factor 13 after antigen-
  • •• specific triggering. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sri. USA(1992) 89:421–425.
  • KHOURY SJ, HANCOCK WW, WEINER HL: Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein and natural recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are associated with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and differential upregulation of transforming growth factor 13, interleukin 4, and prostaglandin E expression in the brain. J. Exp. Med.(1992) 176:1355–1364.
  • BAEUERLE PA, BALTIMORE D: IkB: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kB transcription factor. Science(1988) 242:540–546.
  • JOBIN C, HELLERBRAND C, LICATO LL, BRENNER DA, SARTOR RB: Mediation by NF-icB of cytokine induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in an intestinal epithelial cell line, a process blocked by proteasome inhibitors. Gut(1998) 42:779–787.
  • COLLINS T, READ MA, NEISH AS, WHITLEY MZ, THANOS D, MANIATIS T: Transcriptional regulation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules: NF-kB and cytokine inducible enhancers. FASEB(1995) 9:899–909.
  • BAEUERLE PA, AND HENKEL T: Function and activation of NF-kB in the immune system. Ann. Rev Immunol(1994) 12:141–179.
  • HISCOTT J, MAROIS J, GAROUFALIS J et al.:Characterization of a functional NF-ic B site in the human interleukin-lb promoter: evidence for a positive autoregulatory loop. Mal Cell Biol.(1993) 13:6231–6240.
  • ROGLER G, BRAND K, VOGL D et al:Nuclear factor icB is activated in macrophages and epithelial cells of inflamed intestinal mucosa. Gastroenterology(1998) 115:357–369.
  • YACYSHYN BR, BOWEN-YACYSHYN MB, JEWELL L et al:A placebo-controlled trial of ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(1998) 114:1133–1142.
  • YACYSHYN BR, CHEY W, GOFF J etal.:Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the remission inducing and steroid sparing properties of two schedules of ISIS 2302 (ICAM-1 antisense) in active, steroid-dependent Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 118:A570.
  • FISHER KL, LU J, RIDDLE L, KIM KJ, PRESTA LG, BODARY SC: Identification of the binding site in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 for its receptor, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1. Mal Biol. Cell(1997) 8:501–515.
  • PHIPP C: Inflammation Research Association-Ninth International Conference. Chemokines, signal transduction and new drugs workshops. 'Drugs(1999) 2:11–14.
  • GORDON FH, LAI CWY, HAMILTON etal.:Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of recombinant humanized antibody to a4 integrin (AntegrenTm) in active Crohn's disease: Gastroenterology(1999) 116: A726.
  • FEAGAN BG, MCDONALD JW, GREENBERG G et al.:An ascending dose trial of a humanized a4l37 antibody in ulcerative colitis: Gastroenterology(2000) 118:A874.
  • GAFFNEY PR, DOYLE CT, GAFFNEY A, HOGAN J, HAYNES DP, ANNIS P: Paradoxical response to heparin in 10 patients with ulcerative colitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol(1995) 90:220–223.
  • SALAS A, PANES J, SANS Metal.Heparin attenuates TNF-a induced inflammatory response through a CD1 lb-dependent mechanism. Gut(2000) 47:88–96.
  • PAPA A, DANESE S, GASBARINI A, GASBARINI G: Review article: potential therapeutic applications and mechanisms of action of heparin in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol Ther(2000) 14:1403–1409.
  • KORZENIK JR, ROBERT ME, BITTON A et al.:A multi-center randomized, controlled trial of heparin for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology(1999) 116:A752.
  • PANES J, ESTEVE M, CABRE E et al.Comparison of heparin and steroids in the treatment of moderate and severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:903–908.
  • ANG YS, MAHMUD N, WHITE B et al:Randomized comparison of unfractionated heparin with corticosteroids in severe active inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment. Pharmacol Ther.(2000) 14:1015–1022.
  • RUTGEERTS P, D'HAENS G, TARGAN S et al.:Efficacy and safety of retreatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody (Infliximab) to maintain remission in crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(1999) 117:761–769.
  • ••This paper showed that infliximab canmaintainremissionwhenusedevery8 weeks for up to one year in patients with Crohn's disease who initially respond to the drug.
  • PRESENT DH, RUTGEERTS P, TARGAN S et al.:Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. N Engl. J. Med.(1999) 340:1398–1405.
  • ••This paper shows that infiximab can beuseful to close fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. These data are the first randomized, placebo controlled data proving efficacy of an agent in fistulizing Crohn's disease.
  • SANDBORN WJ, TARGAN SR, HANAUER SB etal.:A randomized controlled trial of CDP571, a humanized antibody to TNFa, in moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 118:A655.
  • FEAGAN B, HANAUER S, COMINELLI F et al:A six month open label assessment of steroid sparing properties of CDP571, a humanized antibody to TNFa, in steroid dependent patients with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 118:A655.
  • MOHLER KM, TORRANCE DS, SMITH CA et al.:Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors are effective therapeutic agents in lethal endotoxemia and function simultaneously as both TNF carriers and TNF antagonists: J. Immunol(1993) 151:1548–1561.
  • MORELAND LW, SCHIFF MH, BAUMGARTNER SW et al.:Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann. Int. Med.(1999) 130:478–486.
  • VEN DE PUTTE LBA, RAU R, BREEDVELD FC et al: Efficacy of the FullyHuman Anti-TNF Antibody D2E7 in Rheumatoid Arthritis.American College of Rheumatology Abstract Concurrent Session (November 1999) Abstract # 1977.
  • SU CG, WEN X, BAILEY ST et al:A novel therapy for colitis utilizing PPAR-ligands to inhibit the epithelial inflammatory response. J. OM. Invest.(1999) 104:383–389.
  • •This paper describes a novel potential for PPAR-ligands, already in common use as oral hypoglycemics, as agents that can diminish colitis.
  • KEATES AC, CASTAGLIUOLO I, CRUIKSHANK WW et al.:Interleukin-16 is up-regulated in Crohn's disease and participates in TNBS colitis in mice. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:972–982.
  • SCHREIBER S, FEDORAK RN, HAAGEN NIELSEN 0 et al.:Safety and efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 10 in chronic active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:1461–1472.
  • ••This is the first large, randomised, placebocontrolled study published examining the administration of an anti-inflammatory cytokine to treat active Crohn's disease.
  • FEDORAK RN, GANGL A, ELSON CO, et al.:Recombinant human interleukin 10 in the treatment of patients with mild to moderately active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:1473–1482.
  • ••Like [94], this is the first large,randomised, placebo controlled study published examining the administration of an anti-inflammatory cytokine to treat mildly to moderately active Crohn's disease. The study proved the relative safety of the agent but its minimal efficacy.
  • STEIDLER L, HANS W, SCHOTTE L et al.:Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lardssecreting interleukin-10. Science(2000) 289:1352–1355.
  • ORAZI A, DU Z, YANG Z, KASHAI M, WILLIAMS DA: Interleukin-11 prevents apoptosis and accelerates recovery of small intestinal mucosa in mice treated with combined chemotherapy and radiation. Lab. Invest.(1996) 75:33–42.
  • KEITH JC, JR, ALBERT L, SONIS ST, PFEIFFER CJ, SCHAUB RG: IL-11, a pleiotropic cytokine: exciting new effects of IL-11 on gastrointestinal mucosal biology. Stem Cells(1994) 12 (Suppl. 0:79–90.
  • TREPECCHIO WL, WANG L, BOZZA M, DORNER AJ: IL-11 regulates macrophage effector function through the inhibition of nuclear factor-KB. _J. Immurrol.(1997) 159:5661–5670.
  • SANDS BE, BANKS, SNINSKY CA et al.:Preliminary evaluation of safety and activity of recombinant human interleukin 11 in patients with active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(1999) 117:58–64.
  • ••This Phase II study harnessed thebeneficial intestinal epithelial effects of a drug currently available for the indication of treating thrombocytopenia in chemotherapy patients to treat patients with Crohn's disease.
  • JUNG HC, ECKMAN L, YANG S-K et al.:A distinct array of proinflammatory cytokines is expressed in human colon epithelial cells in response to bacterial invasion. j OM. Invest.(1995) 95:55–65.
  • SUTTON CL, KIM J, YAMANE A et al:Identification of a novel bacterial sequence associated with Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:23–31.
  • ••This exciting work used novel techniquesin search of a potential antigenic trigger for Crohn's disease.
  • SHANAHAN F: Inflammatory bowel disease: immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and ecotherapeutics. Gastroenterology(2001) 120:622–635.
  • SANDERS ME: Probiotics. Food 7echnol.(1999) 53:67–77.
  • KRUIS W, SCHULTZ E, FRIC E FIXA B, JUDMAIER G, STOLTE M: Double-blind comparison of an oral Eche/1MM coilpreparation and mesalazine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis. Aliment. Pharamacol. Ther.(1997) 11:853–858.
  • REMBACKEN BJ, SNELLING AM, HAWKEY PM, CHALMERS DM, AXON ATR: Non pathogenic Estiterichiacoliversus mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a randomized trial. Lancet(1999) 354:635–639.
  • GIONCHETTI P, RIZZELO VENTURI A et al.:Oral bacteriotherapy as maintenance treatment in patients with chronic pouchitis: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. Gastroenterology(2000) 119:305–309.
  • ••This is the first randomised controlled trialshowing an agent to be efficacious at preventing recurrent pouchitis. Furthermore, these are amongst the only data to show efficacy for a probiotic product in an inflammatory bowel disease.
  • RUSELIER-VAN-EMBDEN JGH, SCHOUTEN WR, VAN LIESHOUT LMC: Pouchitis: result of microbial imbalance? Gut(1994) 35:658–664.
  • GIONCHETTI P, RIZZELO VENTURI A etal.:Prophylaxis of pouchitis onset with probiotic therapy: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Gastroenterology(2000) 118:A190 (abstract). Patents

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.