Recent developments in the prevention and treatment of Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases

Bibliography

• EPSTEIN MA, ACHONG BG, BARR YM: Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma. Lancet (1964) 1:702–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENLE G, HENLE W, DIEHL V: Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-type virus to infectious mononucleosis. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1968) 59:94–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSU JL, GLASER SL: Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies: epidemiologic patterns and etiologic implications. Grit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. (2000) 34:27–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURKITT DB. Sarcoma involving jaws in African children. Br.j Surg. (1958) 46:218–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZUR HAUSEN H, SCHULTE -HOLTHAUSEN H, KLEIN G et al.: EBV DNA in biopsies of Burkitt tumours and anaplastic carcinomas of the nasopharynx. Nature (1970) 228:1056–1058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRIZ M, FORES R, REGIDOR C et al.:Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma after autologous bone marrow transplantation for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br. .1 Haematoi (1997) 98:485–487.
   Google Scholar
• SHIBATA D, WEISS LM, HERNANDEZ AM, NATHWANI BN, BERNSTEIN L, LEVINE AM: Epstein-Barr virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Blood (1993) 81:2102–2109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SU B I-J, HSIEH H-C, LIN K-H et al.: Aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA: a clinicopathologic and molecular analysis. Blood (1991) 77:799–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEIJER CJLM, JIWA NM, DUKERS DF et al.: Epstein-Barr virus and human T-cell lymphomas. Sem. Cancer Biol. (1996) 7:191–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIEDOBITEK G: The role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Ann. Omni (1996) 7\(Supp1.4):S11–S17.
   Google Scholar
• GLASER SL, LIN RJ, STEWART SL et al.: Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's disease: Epidemiologic characteristics in international data. Int. Cancer(1997) 70:375–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEONCINI L, VINDIGNI C, MEGHA T et al.: Epstein-Barr virus and gastric cancer: data and unanswered questions. hat. Cancer (1993) 53:898–901.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OSATO T, IMAI S: Epstein-Barr virus and gastric carcinoma. Sem. Cancer Biol. (1996) 7:175–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COHEN JI: Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferative disease associated with acquired immunodeficiency. Medicine (1991) 70:137–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PURTILO DT, STROBACH RS, OKANO M, DAVIS JR: Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. Lab. Invest. (1992) 67:5–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAVAGE P, WAXMAN J: Post -transplantation lymphoproliferative disease . Q.j Med. (1997) 90:497–503.
   Google Scholar
• LUKAS KG, POLLOK KE, EMANUEL DJ: Post-transplant EBV induced lymphoproliferative disorders. Leak. Lymphoma (1997) 25:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAYA CV, FUNG JJ, NALESNIK MA et al.: Epstein-Barr virus-induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Transplantation (1999) 68:1517–1525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER H-J, ROONEY CM, HESLOP HE: Diagnosis and treatment of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease after hematopoietic stem cell tranplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. (2002) 8:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CEN H, BREINIG MC, HO M, MCKNIGHT JLC: EBV transmission and expression among patients with PTLD In: Epstein-Barr virus and human diseases - 1990, Ablashi DV, Huang AT, Pagano JS et al. (Eds), Humana press (1991):289–293.
   Google Scholar
• WALKER RC, PAYA CV, MARSHALL F et al.: Pretransplantation seronegative Epstein-Barr virus status is the primary risk factor for posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in adult heart, lung, and other solid organ transplantations. Heart Lung Transplant (1995) 14:214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAQUE T, THOMAS JA, FALK KI et al:Transmission of donor Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in transplanted organs causes lymphoproliferative disease in EBV-seronegative recipients. J . Gen. Vim]. (1996) 77:1169–1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOYLE GJ, MICHAELS MG, WEBBER S et al.: Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders in pediatric thoracic organ recipients. Pediati: (1997) 131:309–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KROES ACM, VAN DER PIJL JW, VAN TOL MJD et al.: Rapid occurence of lymphoproliferative disease after pancreas-kidney transplantation performed during acute primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1997) 24:339–343.
   Google Scholar
• SMETS F, LATINNE D, BAZIN H et al.: Ratio between Epstein-Barr viral load and anti-Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell response as a predictive marker of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Transplantation (2002) 73:1603–1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COX KL, LAWRENCE-MIYASAKI LS, GARCIA-KENNEDY R et al.: An increased incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and lymphopropliferative disorder in young children on FK506 after liver transplantation. Transplantation (1995) 59:524–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MICALLEF INM, CHHANABHAI M, GASCOYNE RD et al: Lymphoproliferative disorders following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: the Vancouver experience. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1998) 22:981–987.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •This retrospective review describes the main risk factors for PTLD after SCT in a single centre.
   Google Scholar
• MCGEOWN MG, DOUGLAS JF, MIDDLETON D: One thousand renal transplants at Belfast City hospital: Post-graft neoplasia 1968–1999, comparing azathioprine only with cyclosporin-based regimes in a single centre. In: Clinical Transplants. Cecka JM, Terasaki PI (Eds), UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA (2000):193–202.
   Google Scholar
• ZUTTER MM, MARTIN PJ, SALE GE, SHULMAN HM: Epstein-Barr virus lymphoproliferation after bone marrow transplantation. Blood (1988) 72:520–529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROSS TG, STEINBUCH M, DEFOR T et al.: B cell lymphoproliferative disorders following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Risk factors, treatment and outcome. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1999) 23:251–258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The paper highlights the most significant risk factors of PTLD in 2000 SCT patients.
   Google Scholar
• CURTIS RE, TRAVIS LB, ROWLINGS PA et al.: Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders after bone marrow transplantation: a multi-institutional study. Blood (1999) 94:2208–2216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••The only available population-based datafor evaluating risk factors, incidence and outcome of PTLD following SCT drawn from a worldwide long-term study with 18,000 patients.
   Google Scholar
• SWINNEN LJ: Overview of post-transplant B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Sem. Oncol (1999) 26\(Supp1.14):21–25.
   Google Scholar
• SIMON M, BARTRAM CR, FRIEDRICH W et al.: Fatal B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome in allogeneic marrow graft recipients. A clinical, immunobiological and pathological study. Virchows Archiv. B Cell Pathol (1991) 60:307–319.
   Google Scholar
• DOCKRELL DH, STRICKLER JG, PAYA CV: Esptein-Barr virus-induced T cell lymphoma in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin. Infect. DiS. (1998) 26:180–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHWARZMANN F, JAGER M, PRANG N, WOLF H: The control of lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in B lymphocytes (review). Int. I MM. Med. (1998) 1:137–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COHEN JI: Epstein-Barr virus infection. New Eng] Med. (2000) 343:481–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAAB-TRAUB N: Transformation by the Epstein-Barr virus. In: Mechanisms of DNA tumor virus transformation. Rosenthal LJ (Ed.) Karger Basel London (2001) 23:120–139.
   Google Scholar
• LIEBOWITZ D: Epstein-Barr virus and cellular signaling pathway in lymphomas from immunosuppressed patients. N Engl. .1. Med. (1998) 338:1413–1421.
   Google Scholar
• PRINCE S, KEATING S, FIELDING C, BRENNAN P, FLOETTMANN E, ROWE M: Latent membrane protein 1 inhibits Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle induction and progress via different mechanisms. J. Vim]. (2003) 77:5000–5007.
   Google Scholar
• FRIES KL, MILLER WE, RAAB -TRAUB N: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 blocks p53-mediated apoptosis through the induction of the A20 gene.' Vim]. (1996) 70:8653–8659.
   Google Scholar
• KHATRI VP, CALIGIURI MA: A review of the association between interleukin-10 and human B-cell malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother: (1998) 46:239–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANNER JE, MENEZES J: Interleukin-6 and Epstein-Barr virus induction by cyclosporine A: potential role in lymphoproliferative disease. Blood (1994) 84:3956–3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOSATO G, TANNER J, JONES KD, REVEL M, PIKE SE: Identification of interleukin-6 as an autocrine growth factor for Epstein-Barr virus-immortalised B cells. J. Vim]. (1990) 64:3033–3041.
   Google Scholar
• BEATTY PR, KRAMS SM, ESQUIVEL CO, MARTINEZ OM: Effect of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on the growth of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines. Transplantation (1998) 65:1248–1255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTINEZ OM, VILLANUEVA JC, LAWRENCE-MIYASAKI L, QUINN MB, COX K, KRAMS SM: Viral and immunologic aspects of Epstein-Barr virus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Transplantation (1995) 59:519–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARNIER J-L, BLANC-BRUNAT N, VIVIER G, ROUSSET F, TOURAINE J-L: Interleukin-10 in Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphomas. Clin. Transplant. (1999) 13:305–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROONEY CM, LOFTIN SK, HOLLADAY MS, BRENNER MK, KRANCE RA, HESLOP HE: Early identification of Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. British .1. Haematol (1995) 89:98–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SASAHARA Y, KAWAI S, ITANO M et al: Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder after unrelated bone marrow transplantation in a young child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Ped. Hematol Oncol (1998) 15:347–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAVOIE A, PERPETE C, CARPENTIER L, JONCASJ, ALFIERI C: Direct correlation between the load of Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of pediatric transplant patients and risk of lymphoproliferative disease. Blood (1994) 83:2715–2722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARTNER BC, KORTMANN K, SCHAFER M, MOLLER-LANTZSCH N, SESTER UH, PEES H: No correlation in Epstein-Barr virus reactivation between serological parameters and viral load. J. Clin. Microbial. (2000) 38:2458.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER H-J, FISCHER L, JABS WJ, HOLBE M, PETHIG K, BUCSKY P: Longitudinal analysis of Epstein-Barr viral load in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of transplanted patients by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transplantation (2002) 74:656–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RANDHAWA PS, JAFFE R, DEMETRIS AJ et al.: Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (by the EBER-1 gene) in liver specimens from transplant recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. N Engl. J. Med. (1992) 327:1710–1714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KENAGY DN, SCHLESINGER Y, WECK K, RITTER JH, GAUDREAULT-KEENER MM, STORCH GA: Epstein-Barr virus DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Transplantation (1995) 60:547–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAI X, HOSLER G, ROGERS BB, DAWSON DB, SCHEUERMANN RH. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for human herpesvirus diagnosis and measurement of Epstein-Barr virus burden in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin. Chem. (1997) 43:1843–1849.
   Google Scholar
• ROWE DT, QU L, REYES J et al.: Use ofquantitative competitive PCR to measure Epstein-Barr virus genome load in the peripheral blood of pediatric transplant patients with lymphoproliferative disorders.j Clin. Microbiol (1997) 35:1612–1615.
   Google Scholar
• BRENGEL-PESCE K, MORAND P, SCHMUCK A et al.: Routine use of real-time quantitative PCR for laboratory diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus. .1. Med. Virol (2002) 66:360–369.
   Google Scholar
• GARTNER BC, SCHAFER H, MARGGRAFF K et Evaluation of use of Epstein-Barr viral load in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation to diagnose and monitor posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. J. Clin. Microb. (2002) 40:351–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUCAS KG, BURTON RL, ZIMMERMANN SE et al: Semiquantitative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polymerase chain reaction for the determination of patients at risk for EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disease after stem cell transplantation. Blood (1998) 91:3654–3661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIDDLER SA, BREINIG MC, MCKNIGHT JLC: Increased levels of circulating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes and decreased EBV nuclear antigen antibody responses are associated with the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Blood (1994) 84:972–984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEERBACH A, GRUHN B, EGERER E, REISCHL U, ZINTL F, WUTZLER P: Semiquantitative PCR analysis of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in clinical samples of patients with EBV-associated diseases. " Med. Virol (2001) 65:348–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEVENS SJC, VERSCHUUREN EAM, PRONK I et al.: Frequent monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in unfractionated whole blood is essential for early detection of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in high-risk patients. Blood (2001) 97:1165–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN ESSER JWJ, VAN DER HOLT B, MEIJER E et al.: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation is a frequent event after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (S CT) and quantitatively predicts EBV-lymphoproliferative disease following T-cell-depleted SCT. Blood (2001a) 98:972–978.
   Google Scholar
• HOSHINO Y, KIMURA H, KUZUSHIMA K et al.: Early intervention in post -transplant lymphoproliferative disorders based on Epstein-Barr viral load. BoneMarrow Transplant. (2000) 26:199–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN ESSER JWJ, NIESTERS HGM, THIJSEN SFT etal.: Molecular quantification of viral load in plasma allows for fast and accurate prediction of response to therapy of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Br. J. Haematol (2001) 113:814–821.
   Google Scholar
• ORII T, OHKOHCHI N, KIKUCHI H et al.: Usefulness of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in following up patients with Epstein-Barr virus infection after liver transplantation. Clin. Transplant. (2000) 14:308–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KATO H, INAMOTO T, UEMOTO S, et al.: Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma after liver transplantation. Gann. Monograph Cancer Res. (1998) 45:149–153.
   Google Scholar
• LEVASSEUR R, GANJO0 J, GREEN M et al.: Lymphocyte subsets may discern treatment effects in children and young adults with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Pediatr. Transplantation (2003) 7:370–375.
   Google Scholar
• MCGUIRK JP, SEROPIAN S, HOWE G, SMITH B, STODDART L, COOPER DL: Use of rituximab and irradiated donor-derived lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferation in patients undergoing related haplo-identical stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1999) 24:1253–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUEHNLE I, HULS MH, LIU Z et al: CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) for the therapy of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma after hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Blood (2000) 95:1502–1505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANSELL SM, WITZIG TE, KURTIN PJ et al.: Phase I study of interleukin-12 in combination with rituximab in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood (2002) 99:67–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERSCHUUREN EAM, STEVENS SJC, VAN IMHOFF GW etal.: Treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease with rituximab: the remission, the relapse, and the complication. Transplantation (2002) 73:100–104.
   Google Scholar
• SWERDLOW SH: Classification of the posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders: From the past to the present. Sem. Diagn. Pathol (1997) 14:2–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARRIS NL, FERRY JA, SWERDLOW SH: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: Summary of society for hematopathology workshop. Sem. Diagn. Pathol (1997) 14:8–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NALESNIK MA: The diverse pathology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: the importance of a standardized approach. Transpl. Infect. Dis. (2001) 3:88–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KHATRI VP, BAIOCCHI RA, PENG R et al.: Endogenous CD8+ T cell expansion during regression of monoclonal EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. j Immunol (1999) 163:500–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAO NJ, BERRY GJ, ADVANI R, HORNING SJ, WEISS LM, BLUME KG. Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder following autologous bone marrow transplantation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Transplantation (1993) 55:1425–1428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAUKE RJ, GREINER TC, SMIR BN et al: Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder after autologous bone marrow transplantation: report of two cases. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1998) 21:1271–1274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRAZZABOSCO M, CORNEO B, IEMMOLO RM et al.: Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lympho-proliferative disease of donor origin in liver transplant recipients. Hepatol. (1997) 26:926–934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEBLOND V, DAVI F, CHARLOTTE F et al.: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders not associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a distinct entity? J. Clin. Oncol (1998) 16:2052–2059.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HSI ED, PICKEN MM, ALKAN S: Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder of the NK-cell type: a case report and review of the literature. Mod. Pathol (1998) 11:479–484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SWINNEN LJ, MULLEN GM, CARR TJ,CONSTANZO MR, FISHER RI: Aggressive treatment for postcardiac transplant lymphoproliferation. Blood (1995) 86:3333–3340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCCARTHY M, RAMAGE J, MCNAIR A et al: The clinical diversity and role of chemotherapy in lymphoproliferative disorder in liver transplant recipients. Hepatol. (1997) 27:1015–1021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERKKIO M, RIIKONEN P, SEURI R, VORNANEN M: Successful treatment of monoclonal, aggressive Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med. Ped. Omni (1999) 32:447–449.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GROSS TG, HINRICHS SH, WINNE RJet al.: Treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation with low-dose chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol (1998) 9:339–340.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIS CL: Interferon and cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Transpl. Infect. Dis. (2001) 3:108–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COLBY BM, SHAW JE, ELION GB,PAGANO JS: Effect of acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)-guanine] on Epstein-Barr virus DNA replication. .1. Virol. (1980) 34:560–568.
   Google Scholar
• CHENG Y-C, HUANG E-S, LIN J-C, MAR E-C, PAGANO JS: Unique spectrum of activity of 9- [(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl] -guanine against herpesviruses in vitro and its mode of action against herpes simplex virus Type 1. Proc. Natl Acad. ScL USA (1983) 80:2767–2770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BACON TH, BOYD M: Activity of penciclovir against Epstein-Barr virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (1995) 39:1599–1602.
   Google Scholar
• LIN J-C, SMITH MC, PAGANO JS:Comparative efficacy and selectivity of some nucleoside analogs against Epstein-Barr virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1985) 27:971–973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN J-C, DE CLERCQ E, PAGANO JS: Novel acyclic adenosine analogs inhibit Epstein-Barr virus replication. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (1987) 31:1431–1433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN J-C, ZHANG Z-X, SMITH MC, BIRON K, PAGANO JS: Anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits replication of Epstein-Barr virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1988) 32:265–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN JC, DE CLERCQ E, PAGANO JS: Inhibitory effects of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogs, including (5)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropy1)-cytosine, on Epstein-Barr virus replication. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (1991) 35:2440–2443.
   Google Scholar
• CHU CK, MAT, SHANMUGANATHAN K et al.: Use of 2'-fluoro-5-methyl L arabinofuranosyluracil as a novel antiviral agent for hepatitis B virus and Epstein-Barr virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1995) 39:979–981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAR E-C, CHU CK, LIN J-C: Some nucleoside analogs with anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity inhibit replication of Epstein-Barr virus. Antiviral Res. (1995) 28:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEERBACH A, HOLY A, WUTZLER P, DE CLERCQ E, NEYTS J: Inhibitory effects of novel nucleoside and nucleotide analogues on Epstein-Barr virus replication. Antiviral Chem. Chemother: (1998) 9:275–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEERBACH A, KLOCKING R, MEIER C, LOMP A, HELBIG B, WUTZLER P: Inhibitory effect of cyc/aSaligenyl-nucleoside monophosphates (cyciaSal-NMP) of acyclic nucleoside analogues on HSV-1 and EBV. Antiviral Res. (2000) 45:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEYTS J, NAESENS L, YING C, DE BOLLE L, DE CLERCQ E: Anti-herpesvirus activity of (1'S,210-9-[[1',2'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-cycloprop-1'-yllmethyll guanine (A-5021) M vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. (2001) 49:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS SL, HARTLINE CB, KUSHNER NL, HARDEN EA, BIDANSET DJ, DRACH JC et al.: In vitro activities of benzimidazole D- and L-ribonucleosides against herpesviruses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2003) 47:2186–2192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAWANISHI M: Nitric oxide inhibits Epstein-Barr virus DNA replication and activation of latent EBV. hatervira (1995) 38:206–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUBOTA K, FUKAMIYA N, TOKUDA H et al.: Quassinoids as inhibitors of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation. Cancer Letters (1997) 113:165–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NORHANOM AW, HAZRA B: Inhibition of tumour promoter-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation by diospyrin, a plant-derived antitumor compound, and its synthetic derivatives. Phytothec Res. (1997) 11:588–590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAPADIA GJ, BALASUBRAMANIAN V, TOKUDA H, IWASHIMA A, NISHINO H: Inhibition of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation by natural colorants. Cancer Letters (1997) 115:173–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAGANO JS, SIXBEY JVV, LIN J-C: Acyclovir and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Antimicrobiol Chemother. (1983) 12(Suppl.B):113–121.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSSON J, BRITTON S, ERNBERG I et al.: Effect of acyclovir on infectious mononucleosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Infect. Dis. (1986) 153:283–290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAO QY, OGAN P, ROWE M, WOOD M, RICKINSON AB: The Epstein-Barr virus: host balance in acute infectious mononucleosis patients receiving acyclovir anti-viral therapy. Int.' Cancer (1989) 43:61–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TYNELL E, AURELIUS E, BRANDELL A et al.: Acyclovir and prednisolone treatment of acute infectious mononucleosis: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.' Infect. Dis. (1996) 174:324–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN DER HORST C, JONCAS Jet al.: Lack of effect of peroral acyclovir for the treatment of acute infectious mononucleosis.' Infect. Dis. (1991) 164:788–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREENSPAN D, DE SOUZA YG, CONANT MA et al.: Efficacy of desciclovir in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus infection in oral hairy leukoplakia.f. Acqu. Immune Del Syndr. (1990) 3:571–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRUHN B, MEERBACH A, EGERER R et al.: Successful treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-induced transverse myelitis with ganciclovir and cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin following unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1999) 24:1355–1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS KR, HINRICHS SH, FIDLER JL et al.: Post-transplant Epstein-Barr virus-associated meningoencephalitis and lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1999) 24:443–444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PIRSCH JD, STRATTA RJ, SOLLINGER HW et al.: Treatment of severe Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoproliferative syndrome with ganciclovir: two cases after solid organ transplantation. Am. j Med. (1989) 86:241–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELONE P, CORKILL J, JORDAN M et al.: Successful treatment of Epstein-Barr virus infection with ganciclovir and cytomegalovirus hyperimmune globulin following kidney transplantation. Transplantation Proc. (1995) 27:58–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OERTEL SH, RUHNKE MS, ANAGNOSTOPOULOS I et al.: Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-induced posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder with foscarnet alone in an adult after simultaneous heart and renal transplantation. Transplantation (1999) 67:765–767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OERTEL SH, ANAGNOSTOPOULOS I, HUMMEL MW, JONAS S, RIESS HB: Identification of early antigen BZLF1/ ZEBRA protein of Epstein-Barr virus can predict the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Br. Haematol. (2002) 118:1120–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONTONE KT, HODINKA RL, SALHANY KE, LAVI E, ROSTAMI A, TOMASZEWSKI JE: Identification of Epstein-Barr virus lytic activity in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease. Mod. Pathol. (1996) 9:621–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAPADOPOULOS EB, LADANYI M, EMANUEL D et al.: Infusions of donor leukocytes to treat Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. N Engl. I Med. (1994) 330:1185–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAGAFUJI K, ETO T, HAYASHI S, OSHIMA K, MAEDA Y, GONDO H et al.: Donor lymphocyte transfusion for the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder of the brain. Bone Marrow Transplant. (1998) 21:1155–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROONEY CM, SMITH CA, NG CYC et al.: Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein-Barr-virus-related lymphoproliferation. Lancet (1995) 345:9–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROONEY CM, SMITH CA, NG CYC et al.: Infusion of cytotoxic T cells for the prevention and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoma in allogeneic transplant recipients. Blood (1998) 92:1549–1555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROONEY CM, ROSKROW MA, SMITH CA, BRENNER MK, HESLOP HE: Immunotherapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated cancers. Monogr. Nati Cancer Inst. (1998) 23:89–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HESLOP HE, NG CYC, LI C, SMITH CA et al.: Long-term restoration of immunity against Epstein-Barr virus infection by adoptive transfer of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes. Nat. Med. (1996) 2:551–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HESLOP HE, ROONEY CM: Adoptive cellular immunotherapy for EBV lymphoprolifeartive diseases. Immunol. Rev. (1997) 157:217–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IMASHUKA S, GOTO T, MATSUMURAT et al.: Unsuccessful CTL transfusion in a case of post-BMT Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-LPD). Bone Marrow 7i-ansplant. (1997) 20:337–340.
   Google Scholar
• SAVOLDO B, GOSS J, LIU Z et al.: Generation of autologous Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells for adoptive immunotherapy in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation (2001) 72:1078–1086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHANNA R, BELL S, SHERRITT M et al.: Activation and adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in solid organ transplant patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:10391–10396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAQUE T, WILKIE GM, TAYLOR C et al.: Treatment of Epstein-Barr-virus-positive post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease with partly HLA-matched allogeneic cytotoxic T cells. Lancet (2002) 360:436–442.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILPIED N, VASSEUR B, PARQUET N et al.: Humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) in post transplant B-lymphoproliferative disorder: a retrospective analysis on 32 patients. Ann. Oncol. (2000) 11\(Supp1.1):S113–S116.
   Google Scholar
• YANG J, TAO Q, FLINN IW, et al.: Characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-infected B cells in patients with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease: disappearance after rituximab therapy does not predict clinical response. Blood (2000) 96:4055–4063.
   Google Scholar
• HADDAD E, PACZESNY S, LEBLOND V et al.: Treatment of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with a monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 antibody in 12 patients: a multicenter Phase 1-2 clinical trial. Blood (2001) 97:1590–1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'BRIEN S, BERNERT RA, LOGAN JL, LIEN Y-HH: Remission of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after interferon-a therapy. A. Soc. Nephrol. (1997) 8:1483–1490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WESTPHAL EM, BLACKSTOCK W, FENG W, ISRAEL B, KENNEY SC: Activation of lytic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection by radiation and sodium butyrate in vitro and in vivo: a potential method for treating EBV-positive malignancies. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:5781–5788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOORE SM, CANNON JS, TANHEHCO YC, HAMZEH FM, AMBINDER RF: Induction of Epstein-Barr virus kinases to sensitize tumor cells to nucleoside analogues. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (2001) 45:2082–2091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENTZER SJ, FINGEROTH J, REILLY JJ, PERRINE SP, FALLER DV: Argine butyrate-induced susceptibility to ganciclovir in an Epstein-Barr-virus-associated lymphoma. Blood cells Molecules Dis. (1998) 24:114–123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENTZER SJ, PERRINE SP, FALLER DV: Epstein-Barr virus post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and virus-specific therapy: pharmacological re-activation of viral target genes with arginine butyrate. 7ianspl. Infect. Dis. (2001) 3:177–185.
   Google Scholar
• FALLER DV, MENTZER SJ, PERRINE SP: Induction of the Epstein-Barr virus thymidine kinase gene with concomitant nucleoside antivirals as a therapeutic strategy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies. Can: Opin. Oncol (2001) 13:360–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALE G, WALDMANN H: Risks of developing Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative disorders after T-cell-depleted marrow transplants. Blood (1998) 91:3079–3083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUO PC, DAFOE DC, ALFREY EJ, SIBLEY RK, SCANDLING JD: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders and Epstein-Barr virus prophylaxis. Transplantation (1995) 59:135–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN M, KAUFMANN M, WILSON J, REYS J: Comparison of intravenous ganciclovir followed by oral acyclovir with intravenous ganciclovir alone for prevention of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus disease after liver transplantation in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1997) 25:1344–1349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS CL, HARRISON KL, MCVICAR JP, FORG P, BRONNER M, MARSH CL: Antiviral prophylaxis and the Epstein-Barr virus-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Clin. Transplantation (1995) 9:53–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HESLOP HE, PEREZ M, BENAIM E, ROCHESTER R, BRENNER MK, ROONEY CM: Transfer of EBV-specific CTL to prevent EBV lymphoma post bone marrow transplant. I Clin. Apheresis (1999) 14:154–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUSTAFSSON A, LEVITTSKY V, ZOU J-Z et al.: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in bone marrow transplant recipients at risk to develop post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease: prophylactic infusion of EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells. Blood (2000) 95:807–814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAQUE T, AMLOT PL, HELLING N et al.: Reconstitution of EBV-specific T cell immunity in solid organ transplant recipients. Immunol (1998) 160:6204–6209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMOLI P, LABIRIO M, BASSOS et al: Infusion of autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T cells for prevention of EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients with evidence of active virus replication. Blood (2002) 99:2592–2598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DARENKOV IA, MARCARELLI MA, BASADONNA GP et al.: Reduced incidence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder using preemptive antiviral therapy. Transplantation (1997) 64:848–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN ESSER JWJ, NIESTERS HGM, VAN DER HOLT B et al.: Prevention of Epstein-Barr virus-lymphoproliferative disease by molecular monitoring and preemptive rituximab in high-risk patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood (2002) 99:4364–4369.
   Google Scholar
• •First description of prevention of PTLD by pre-emptive rituximab therapy.
   Google Scholar
• CARPENTER PA, APPELBAUM FR, COREY L et al.: A humanized non-FcR-binding anti-CD3 antibody, visilizumab, for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood (2002) 99:2712–2719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRUHN B, MEERBACH A, HAFER R, ZELL R, WUTZLER P, ZINTL F: Pre-emptive therapy with rituximab for prevention of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease after hematopoietic stem cell tranplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. (2003) 31:1023–1025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GU S-Y, HUANG T-M, RUAN L et al: First EBV vaccines trial in humans using recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the major membrane antigen. Dev. Biol. Stand (1995) 84:171–177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MORGAN AJ: Epstein-Barr virus vaccines. Vaccine (1992) 10:563–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOSS DJ, KHANNA R, SHERRITT M, ELLIOTT SL, BURROWS SR: Developing immunotherapeutic strategies for the control of Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignancies. I Aquir: Imm. Del Syndr: (1999) 21:S80–S83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DURAISWAMY J, SHERRITT M, THOMSON S et al.: Therapeutic LMP1 polyepitope vaccine for EBV-associated Hodgkin disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Blood (2003) 101:3150–3156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERSH EM, GROGAN TM, FUNK CY, TAYLOR CW: Suppression of human lymphoma development in the severe combined immune-deficient mouse by imexon therapy. J. Immunother: (1993) 13:77–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAO G-Q, GRILL S, EGAN W, CHENG Y-C: Potent inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides without sequence specification. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1993) 37:1420–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU M-Y, CHEN J-Y, TSAI C-HA, HSU T-Y, YANG C-S: Inhibition of the synthesis of proteins needed for Epstein-Barr virus replication by antisense RNA against the Zta gene. J. Biomed. Sci. (1997) 4:139–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATTHIA E, CHICHIARELLI S, HICKISH T et al.: Inhibition of M vitro proliferation of Epstein Barr virus infected B cells by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against EBV latent membrane protein LMPl. Oncogene (1997) 15:489–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KENNEY JL, GUINNESS ME, CURIEL T, LACY J: Antisense to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) suppresses LMP-1 and Bc1-2 expression and promotes apoptosis in EBV-immortalized B cells. Blood (1998) 92: 1721-1727.
   Google Scholar
• GUINNESS ME, KENNEY JL, REISS M, LACY J: Bc1-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide therapy of Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:5354–5358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAO Q, ROBERTSON KD: Stealth technology: how Epstein-Barr virus utilizes DNA methylation to cloak itself from immune detection. Clin. Immunol (2003) 109:53–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABDULKARIM B, SABRI S, ZELENIKA D et al.: Antiviral agent cidofovir decreases Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) oncoproteins and enhances the radiosensitivity in EBV-related malignancies. Oncogene (2003) 22:2260–2271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANKEN M, ESTABROOKS A, CAVACINI L, SHERBURNE B, WANG F, SCADDEN DT: Epstein-Barr virus-driven gene therapy for EBV-related lymphomas. Nat. Med. (1996) 2: 1379–1382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIRAI H, SATOH E, OSAWA M et al: Use of EBV-based vector/HVJ-liposome complex vector for targeted gene therapy of EBV-associated neoplasms. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. (1997) 241:112–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHODOSH J, HOLDER VP, GAN Y-J, BELGAUMI A, SAMPLE J, SIXBEY JW: Eradication of latent Epstein-Barr virus by hydroxyurea alters the growth-transformed cell phenotype. J. Infec. Dis. (1998) 177:1194–1201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar