References
- Das Evcimen N, King GL. The role of protein kinase C activation and the vascular complications of diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:498–510.
- Koya D, King GL. Protein kinase C activation and the development of diabetic complications. Diabetes. 1998;47:859–866.
- Inoguchi T, Battan R, Handler E, et al. Preferential elevation of protein kinase C isoform beta II and diacylglycerol levels in the aorta and heart of diabetic rats: differential reversibility to glycemic control by islet cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:11059–11063.
- Hsieh JC, Jurutka PW, Galligan MA, et al. Human vitamin D receptor is selectively phosphorylated by protein kinase C on serine 51, a residue crucial to its trans-activation function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:9315–9319.
- Hsieh JC, Jurutka PW, Nakajima S, et al. Phosphorylation of the human vitamin D receptor by protein kinase C. Biochemical and functional evaluation of the serine 51 recognition site. J Biol Chem. 1993;268:15118–15126.
- Cho W. Membrane targeting by C1 and C2 domains. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:32407–32410.
- Newton AC. Protein kinase C: structural and spatial regulation by phosphorylation, cofactors, and macromolecular interactions. Chem Rev. 2001;101:2353–2364.
- Corbalan-Garcia S, Gomez-Fernandez JC. Protein kinase C regulatory domains: the art of decoding many different signals in membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006;176:633–654.
- Kazanietz MG, Wang S, Milne GW, et al. Residues in the second cysteine-rich region of protein kinase C delta relevant to phorbol ester binding as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:21852–21859.
- Szallasi Z, Bogi K, Gohari S, et al. Non-equivalent roles for the first and second zinc fingers of protein kinase Cdelta. Effect of their mutation on phorbol ester-induced translocation in NIH 3T3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:18299–18301.
- Slater SJ, Ho C, Kelly MB, et al. Protein kinase Calpha contains two activator binding sites that bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerols with opposite affinities. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:4627–4631.
- Medkova M, Cho W. Interplay of C1 and C2 domains of protein kinase C-alpha in its membrane binding and activation. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:19852–19861.
- Mochly-Rosen D. Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction. Science. 1995;268:247–251.
- Schechtman D, Mochly-Rosen D. Adaptor proteins in protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction. Oncogene. 2001;20:6339–6347.
- Leonard TA, Rozycki B, Saidi LF, et al. Crystal structure and allosteric activation of protein kinase C betaII. Cell. 2011;144:55–66.
- Karima M, Kantarci A, Ohira T, et al. Enhanced superoxide release and elevated protein kinase C activity in neutrophils from diabetic patients: association with periodontitis. J Leukoc Biol. 2005;78:862–870.
- Park JY, Takahara N, Gabriele A, et al. Induction of endothelin-1 expression by glucose: an effect of protein kinase C activation. Diabetes. 2000;49:1239–1248.
- Suzuma K, Takahara N, Suzuma I, et al. Characterization of protein kinase C beta isoform’s action on retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, and retinal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:721–726.
- Meier M, Menne J, Park JK, et al. Nailing down PKC isoform specificity in diabetic nephropathy two’s company, three’s a crowd. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:2421–2425.
- Sobhia ME, Grewal BK, Paul MLS, et al. Protein kinase C inhibitors: a patent review (2008–2009). Expert Opin Ther Patents. 2013;23:1297–1315.
- Sobhia ME, Grewal BK, Paul ML, et al. Protein kinase C inhibitors: a patent review (2010 - present). Expert Opin Ther Patents. 2013;23:1451–1468.
- Mochly-Rosen D, Das K, Grimes KV. Protein kinase C, an elusive therapeutic target? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2012;11:937–957.
- Sanchez-Bautista S, Nicolas FE. Recent patents concerning modulators of protein kinase C. Recent Pat DNA Gene Seq. 2013;7:74–81.
- Danis RP, Sheetz MJ. Ruboxistaurin: PKCβ inhibition for complications of diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2009;10:2913–2925.
- Vinik A. The protein kinase C-beta inhibitor, ruboxistaurin, for the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications. Expert Opin Invest Drugs. 2005;14:1547–1559.
- Joy SV, Scates AC, Bearelly S, et al. Ruboxistaurin, a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, as an emerging treatment for diabetes microvascular complications. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:1693–1699.
- Aiello LP, Clermont A, Arora V, et al. Inhibition of PKC beta by oral administration of ruboxistaurin is well tolerated and ameliorates diabetes-induced retinal hemodynamic abnormalities in patients. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:86–92.
- Strom C, Sander B, Klemp K, et al. Effect of ruboxistaurin on blood-retinal barrier permeability in relation to severity of leakage in diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46:3855–3858.
- Group. TP-DS. The effect of ruboxistaurin on visual loss in patients with moderately severe to very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: initial results of the protein kinase C β inhibitor diabetic retinopathy study (PKC-DRS) multicenter randomized clinical trial. Diabetes. 2005;54:2188–2197.
- Group. TP-DS, Aiello LP, Davis MD, Girach A, et al.. Effect of ruboxistaurin in patients with diabetic macular edema. Arch Opthalmol. 2007;125:318–324.
- Robertson MJ, Kahl BS, Vose JM, et al. Phase II study of enzastaurin, a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:1741–1746.
- Morschhauser F, Seymour JF, Kluin-Nelemans HC, et al. A phase II study of enzastaurin, a protein kinase C beta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2008;19:247–253.
- Usha L, Sill MW, Darcy KM, et al. A Gynecologic Oncology Group phase II trial of the protein kinase C-beta inhibitor, enzastaurin and evaluation of markers with potential predictive and prognostic value in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian and primary peritoneal malignancies. Gynecol Oncol. 2011;121:455–461.
- Campochiaro PA. C99-PKC412-003 Study Group. Reduction of diabetic macular edema by oral administration of the kinase inhibitor PKC412. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004;45:922–931.
- Millward MJ, House C, Bowtell D, et al. The multikinase inhibitor midostaurin (PKC412A) lacks activity in metastatic melanoma: a phase IIA clinical and biologic study. Br J Cancer. 2006;95:829–834.
- Copeland RA. Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2005. p. 51–63.
- Morrison JF. Kinetics of the reversible inhibition of enzyme-catalysed reactions by tight-binding inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969;185:269–286.
- Grant S, Tran P, Zhang Q, et al. Discovery of a novel class of targeted kinase inhibitors that blocks protein kinase C signaling and ameliorates retinal vascular leakage in a diabetic rat model. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;627:16–25.
- Grodsky N, Li Y, Bouzida D, et al. Structure of the catalytic domain of human protein kinase C beta II complexed with a bisindolylmaleimide inhibitor. Biochemistry. 2006;45:13970–13981.
- Kedei N, Lundberg DJ, Toth A, et al. Characterization of the interaction of ingenol 3-angelate with protein kinase C. Cancer Res. 2004;64:3243–3255.
- Das J, Rahman GM. C1 domains: Structure and ligand binding properties. Chem Rev. 2014;114:12108–12131.