Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents Volume 6, 1996 - Issue 6
Submit an article Journal homepage
22
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research

Section Review Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: The amylin, CGRP and calcitonin family of peptides

Nigel RA Beeley Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc., 9373, Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
&
Kathryn S Prickett Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc., 9373, Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
Pages 555-567 | Published online: 29 Feb 2008

References to Primary Literature

  • ZAIDI M, 'WEIMER LH, MACINTYRE I: Biology of peptidesfrom the calcitonin genes. Quad. J. Exp. Physiol. (1987) 72: 371–408
  • BREIMER LII, MACINTYRE I, ZAIDI M: Peptides from thecalcitonin genes: molecular genetics, structure and function. Bloc/gem. J. (1988) 255:377–390.
  • EPAND RM, CAULFIELD MP: Calcitonin and parathyroklhormone receptors. In: Comprehensive Medicinal Chem-istry. flansch C, Sammes PG, Taylor JB (Eds.) (1990) 3:1023–1045.
  • BRAGA PC: Calcitonin and its antinociceptive activity:animal and human investigations 1975-1992. Agents Actions (1994) 41:121–131.
  • COPP DH, DAVIDSON AFG, CHENEY BA: Evidence for anew parathyroid hormone which lowers blood cal-cium. Proc. Canad. Fed. Biol. Soc. (1961) 4:17.
  • COPP DH: Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Annu.Rev, Pharmacol. (1969) 9:327–344.
  • NEHER R, RINIKER B, MAIER R, BYFIELD PG, GUD-MUNDSSON TV, MACINTYRE I: Human calcitonin. Nature (1968) 220:984–986.
  • RINIKER B, NEHER R, MAIER R, KAHNT FW, BYFIELD PG,GUDMUNDSSON TV, GALANTE L, MACINTYRE I: Human calcitonin I. Isolation and characterization. He/v. Chim. Ac/a. (1968) 51:1738–1742.
  • NEFIER R, RINIKER B, RITTEL W, ZUBER If Human calci-tonin. Structure of calcitonin M and D. He/v. Chim. Ac/a. (1968) 51:1900–1905.
  • GUTTMANN S, PLESS J, HUGUENIN RL, SANDR1N E,BOSSERTH, ZEHNDER K: Synthesis of salmon calcitonin, a highly active hypocalcemic hormone. He/v. Chim. Acta. (1969) 52:1789–1795.
  • ZAIDI M, PAZIANAS M, SHANKAR VS, BAX BE, BAX CMR,BEVIS PJR, STEVENS C, HUANG CL-II, BLAKE DR, MOONGA BS, TOWHIDUL ALAM ASM: Osteoclast func-tion and its controL Esp. Physiol. (1993) 78:721–739.
  • The Physicians Desk Reference (ISBN :1-56363-152-0 &1-56363-156-3) (1996) 2013–2014 & 2273–2276.
  • NIALL LIT, KEUTMANN HT, COPP DH, POTTS JR JT: Aminoacid sequence of salmon ultimobranchial calcitonin. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (1969) 64:771.
  • ARNOLD A: Paget's disease of bone: pathophysiologyand diagnosis. In: Endocrinology Vol. 2. DeGroot LJ (Ed.) \VB Saunders Company (1989) 1208–1244.
  • GORUP B: Production of large-scale peptides in solu-tion. Biochem. Soc. Trans. (1990) 18:1299–1306.
  • KOHLER G, MILSTEIN C: Continuous cultures of fusedcells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Na-ture (1975) 256:495–497.
  • AMARA SG, JONAS V, ROSENFELD MG, ONG ES, EVANSRM: Alternative RNA processing in calcitonin gene ex-pression generates mRNAs encoding different polypep-tide products. Nature (1982) 298:240–244.
  • ROSENFELT) MG, MERMOD JJ, AMARA SG, SWANSON LW,SAWCHENKO PE, RIVIER J, VALE WW, EVANS RM: Pro-duction of a novel neuropeptide encoded by the calci-tonin gene via tissue-specific RNA processing. Nature (1983) 304:129–135.
  • MORRIS HR, PANIC° M, ETIENNE T, TIPPINS J, GIRGIS SI,MACINTYRE I: Isolation and characterization of human cakitonin gene-related peptide. Nature (1984) 308:746–748.
  • ZAIDI M, MOONGA BS, BEVIS PJR, BASCAL ZA, BREIMERLH: The calcitonin gene peptides: biology and clinical relevence. Grit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (1990) 28:109–174.
  • BRAIN SD, WILLIAMS TJ, TIPPINS JR, MORRIS FIR, MACIN-TYRE I: Cakitonin gene-related peptide is a potent vasodilator. Nature (1985) 313:54–56.
  • ZAIDI M, BEVIS PJ, ABEYASEKERA G, GIRGIS SI, WI-MALAWANSA SJ, MORRIS FIR, MACINTYRE I: The origin of circulating calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat. J. Endocrinol. (1986) 110:185–190.
  • INOUE A, YANAGISAWA M, KIMURA S, KASUYA Y, MI-YAUCHI T, GOTO K, MASAKI T: The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically dis-tinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989) 86:2863–2867.
  • PREIBISZ JJ: Calcitonin gene-related peptide and regula-tion of human cardiovascular homeostasis. Am. J. Dy-pertens. (1993) 6:434–450.
  • EUROPEAN CGRP IN SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE STUDY GROUP: Effect of calcitonin-gene-related peptide in patients with delayed postoperative cerebral ischae-mia after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Lan-cet(1992) 339:831–834.
  • JOHNSTON FG, BELL BA, ROBERTSON IJ, MILLER JD, HALIBURN C, OSHAUGHNESSY D, RIDDELL AJ, 01AOIRE SA: Effect of calcitonin-gene-related peptide on postop-erative neurological deficits after subarachnoid haem-orrhage. Lancet (1990) 335:869–872.
  • BUNKER CB, REAVLEY C, O'SHAUGHNESSY DJ, DOWD PM:Calcitonin gene-related peptide in treatment of severe peripheral vascular insufficiency in Raynaud's phe-nomenon. Lancet (1993) 342:80–83.
  • RINK TJ, BEAUMONT K, KODA J, YOUNG A: Structure and biology of amylin Trends in Ph arm. Sci. (1993) 14:113–118.
  • PITTNER RA, ALBRANDT K, BEAUMONT K, GAETA LSL, KODA J, MOORE CX, RITTENHOUSE J, RINK TJ: Molecular physiology of amylin. J. Cell. Biochem. (1994) 55S:19–28.
  • COOPER GJS: Amylin compared with calcitonin gene-re-lated peptide: structure, biology and relevence to meta-bolic disease. Endocrine Rey. (1994) 15:163–201.
  • COOPER GJS, WILLIS AC, CLARK A, TURNER RC, SIM RB,REID KBM: Purification and characterization of a pep-tide from amyloid-rich pancreases of type 2 diabetic patients Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1987) 84:8628–8632.
  • ROBERTS AN, LEIGHTON B, TODD JA, COCKBURN D,SCHOFIELD PN, SUTTON R, HOLT S, BOYD Y, DAY AJ, FOOT EA, WILLIS AC, REID KBM, COOPER GJS: Molecular and functional characterization of amylin, a peptide associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989) 86:9662–9666.
  • COOPER GJS, LEIGHTON B, DIMITRIADIS GD, PARRY-BILL-INGS M, KOWALCHUK JM, HOWLAND K, Rau IBARD JB, WILLIS AC, REID KBM: Amylin found in amyloid deposits in human type 2 diabetes mellitus may be a hormone that regulates glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 85:7763–7766.
  • MOORE CX, COOPER GJS: Co-secretion of amylin and insulin from cultured islet 3-cells: Modulation by nutri-ent secretagogues, islet hormones and hypoglycemic agents Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. (1991) 179:1–9.
  • LEIGHTON B, FOOT E: The effects of amylin on carbo-hydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. J. (1990) 269:19–23.
  • BROWN M, MENIUS A, SANDEFER E, EDWARDS J, JAMES M: The effects of amylin on changes in plasma glucose and gastric emptying following an oral glucose load in conscious dogs. Diabetes (1994) 43:172A (Abstract).
  • ZA1DI M, DATTA IIK, BEVIS PJR, WIMALAWANSA SJ, MACINTYRE I: Amylin-amide: a new bone-conserving peptide from the pancreas. Exp. Physiol. (1990) 75:529–536.
  • GOMEZ-FOIX AM, RODRIGUEZ-GIL JE, GUINOVART JJ: Anti-insulin effects of amylin and calcitonin gene-re-lated peptide on hepatic glycogen metabolism. Biochem. J. (1991) 276:607–610.
  • KOOPMANS SJ, VAN MAINSFELD ADM, JANSZ HS, KRANS HMI, RADDER JK, ERLICH M, DE BOER SF, KREUTTER DK, ANDREWS GC, MAASSEN JA: Annylin-induced in vivo Insulin resistance in conscious rats: the liver is more sensitive to amylin than peripheral tissues. Diabeiologia. (1991) 34:218–224.
  • SILVESTRE RA, PEIR E, DGANO P, MIRALLES P, MARCO J: Inhibitory effect of rat amylin on the insulin responses to glucose and arg,inine in the perfused rat pancreas. Regul. Rept. (1990) 31:23–31.
  • YOUNG AA, GEDULIN B, VINE W, PERCY, RINK TJ: Gastric emptying is accelerated in diabetic BB rats and is slowed by subcutaneous injections of amylin. Diabetologia (1995) 38:642–648.
  • MACDONALD I, KING P, KONG M-F, STUBBS T, PERKINS A, MOYSES C, TATTERSALL R: Infusion of the human amylin analogue, AC137, delays gastric emptying in men with 1DDM. Diabetologia (1995) 38:A32 (suppl. 1) (Abstract 118).
  • KODA JE, FINEMAN M, RINK TJ, DAILY GE, MUCHMORE DB, LINARELLI LG: Amylin concentrations and glucose control Lancet (1992) 339:1179–1180.
  • HAR I 1ER E, SVOBODA T, LUDVIK B, SCIIULLER M, LELL B, KUENBERG E, BRUNNBAEUR M, WOLOSZCZUK W, PRAGER R: Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pan-creatic amylin indicate its co-secretion with insulin in humans. Diabetologia (1991) 34:52–54.
  • THE DIABETES CONTROL AND COMPLICATIONS TRIAL RESEARCH GROUP: The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mel-litus. N. Engl. J. Med. (1993) 329:977–986.
  • MOYSES C, KOLTERMAN 0: Amylin - a new approach to diabetes therapy. Biotech Intl. (1995) 9–14.
  • KITAMARA K, KANGAWA K, KAWAMOTO M, ICHIKI Y, NAKAMURA S, MATSUO H, ETO T: Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheo-chromocytoma. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1993) 192:553–560.
  • NUKI C, KAWASAKI H, KITAMURA K, TAKENAGA M, KANGAWA K, ETO T, WADA A: Vasodilator effect of adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in rat mesenteric vascular beds. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1993) 196:245–251.
  • EGUCHI S, HIRATA Y, KANO H, SATO K, WATANABE Y,WATANABE TX, NAKAJ1MA K, SAKAKIBARA S, MARINO F: Specific receptors for adrenomedullin in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. FEBS Letts. (1994) 340:226–230.
  • OWJI AA, SMITII DM, COPPOCK HA, MORGAN DGA, BHOGAL R, GHATEI MA, BLOOM SR: An abundant and specific binding site for the novel vasodilator ad-renomedullin in the rat. Endocrinology (1995) 136:2127–2134.
  • KAPAS S, CATT KJ, CLARK AJL: Cloning and expressionof a cDNA encoding a rat adrenomedullin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) 270:25344–25347.
  • RIBEIRO JM, VACHEREAU A, MODI GB, TESII RB: A novelvasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. Science (1989) 243:212–214.
  • LERNER EA, RIBEIRO JM, NELSON RJ, LERNER MR: Isolation of maxadilan, a potent vasodilatory peptide from the salivary glands of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266:11234–11236.
  • LERNER EA, SHOEMAKER CB: Maxadilan: cloning and functional expression of the gene encoding this potent vasodilator peptide. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) 267:1062–1066.
  • MORO 0, TSOMIDES TJ, TAJIMA M, LERNER EA: Maxadilan binds to membrane fractions of brain tissue. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) 216:234–241.
  • GREEN III FR, LYNCIIB, KAISER ET: Biological and physi-ological properties of a model calcitonin containing a glutamate residue interrupting the hydrophobic face of the idealized amphiphilic a-helical region. Proc. Natl. Acac Sci. USA (1987) 84:8340–8344.
  • MOE GR, MILLER RJ, KAISER ET: Design of a peptidehormone: synthesis and characterisation of a model peptide with calcitonin-like activity. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. (1983) 105:4100–4102 .
  • KAISER ET, KEZDY FJ: Amphiphilic secondary structure: design of peptide hormones. Science (1984) 223:249–255.
  • LYNCH B, KAISER ET: Biological properties of two mod-els of calcitonin gene related peptide with idealised amphiphilic a-helices of different lengths. Biochemistry (1988) 27:7600–7607.
  • O'CONNELL JP, KELLY SM, RALEIGH DP, HUBBARD JAM, PRICE NC, DOBSON CM, SMITH BJ: On the role of the C-terminus of a-calcitonin gene related peptide (a-CGRP). Biochem. J. (1993) 291:205–210.
  • CORT J, LIU Z, LEE G, HARRIS SM, PRICKETf KS, GAETA LSL, ANDERSEN NH: 0-structure in human amylin and two designer 0-peptides: cd and tour spectroscopic comparisons suggest soluble 0-oligomers and the ab-sence of significant populations of 0-strand dimers. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. (1994) 204:1088–1095.
  • MEYER JP, PELTON JT, HOFLACK J, SAUDEK V: Solution structure of salmon calcitonin. Biopolymers (1991) 31:233–241.
  • BREEZE AL, HARVEY TS, BAZZO R, CAMPBELL ID: Solution structure of human calcitonin gene-related peptide by 1H NMR and distance geometry with restrained molecu-lar dynamics. Biochemistry (1991) 30:575–582.
  • SAGOO JK, BOSE C, BEELEY NR, TENDLER SJ: Structural studies on the Bu(O-Cys18.(19-37)-fragment of human beta-calcitonin-gene-related peptide. Biochem. J. (1991) 280:147–150.
  • SEXTON PM, PERRY KJ: Arnylin receptors in the central nervous system. In: Recent Research Developments in Neu-rochemistry. Pandalai SG (Ed.) (1996) (in press).
  • SEXTON PM, ADAM WR, MOSELEY JM, MARTIN TJ, MEN-DELSOHN FAO: Localisation and characterisation of renal calcitonin receptors by in vitro auto-radiography. Kidney Int. (1987) 32:862–868 .
  • GOLTZMAN D, MITCIIELL J: Interaction of calcitonin andcalcitonin gene-related peptide at receptor sites in tar-get tissues. Science (1985) 227:1343–1345.
  • ALBRANDT K, MULL E, BRADY EMG, HERICH J, MOORECX, BEAUMONT K: Molecular cloning of two receptors from rat brain with high affinity for salmon calcitonin. FEBS Letters (1993) 325:225–232.
  • NUSSENZVEIG DR, MATT IEW S, GERSHENGORN MC: Alter-native splicing of a 48-nucleotide exon generates two isoforms of the human calcitonin receptor. Endocrinol-ogy (1995) 136:2047–2051.
  • HOUSSAMI S, FINDLAY DM, BRADY CL, MYERS DE, MAR-TIN TJ, SEXTON PM: Isofonns of the rat calcitonin receptor: consequences for ligand binding and signal transduction. Endocrinology (1994) 135:183–190.
  • EGERTON M, NEEDHAM M, EVANS 5, MILLEST A, CERILLOG, MCPHEAT J, POPPLEWELL M, JOHNSTONE D, IIOLLIS M: Identification of multiple human calcitonin receptor isoforms: heterologous expression and pharmacologi-cal characterization./ Mol. Endocrinol. (1995) 14:179–189.
  • ALBRANDT K, BRADY EMG, MOORE CX, MULL E, SIER-ZEGA ME, BEAUMONT K: Molecular and cloning func-tional expression of a third isofonn of the human calcitonin receptor and partial characterisation of the calcitonin receptor gene. Endocrinology (1995) 136:5377–5384.
  • POYNER D: Pharmacology of receptors for calcitoningene-related petide and amylin. Trends in Pharm. Sci. (1995) 16:424–428.
  • QUIRION R, VAN ROSSUM D, DUMONT Y, ST-PIERRE 5, FOURNIER A: Characterization of CGRP1 and CGRP2 receptor subtypes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (1992) 657:88–105.
  • KAPAS S, CLARK AJL: Identification of an orphan recep-tor gene as a type 1 calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) 217:832–838.
  • YOUNG AA, GEDULIN BR, RINK TJ, PITTNER R, BEAU-MONT K: Diabetogenic effects of salmon calcitonin are attributable to amylin-like activity. Metabolism (1995) 44:1581–1589.
  • TWERY MJ, OBIE JF, COOPER CW: Ability of calcitoninsto alter food and water consumption in the rat. Peptides (1982) 3:749–755.
  • BEAUMONT K, KENNEY MA, YOUNG AA, RINK TJ: Highaffinity amylin binding sites in rat brain. Mol. Pharrna-col. (1993) 44:493–497.
  • BEAUMONT K, PITTNER RA, MOORE CX etal.: Regulationof musde glycogen metabolism by CGRP and amylin: CGRP receptors not involved. Brit. J. Pharmacol. (1995) 115:713–715.
  • HANNA FW, SMITH DM, JOHNSTON CF, AK1NSANYA KO,JACKSON ML, MORGAN DG, BHOGAL R, BUCIIANAN KD, BLOOM SR: Expression of a novel receptor for the calcitonin peptide family and a salmon calcitonin-like peptide in the alpha-thyrotropin thyrotroph canine. Endocrinology (1995) 136:2377–2382.
  • YATES AJ, GUTIERREZ G, GARRETT IR, MENCEL JJ, NUSSGW, SCHREIBER AB, MUNDY GR: A noncyclical analogue of salmon calcitonin (Na-propionyl di-Ala1,7, de-Leul9 sCT) retains full potency without inducing anorexia in rats. Endocrinology. (1990) 126:2845–2849.
  • FEYEN JHM, CARDINAUX F, GAMSE R, BRUNS C, AZRIA M,TRECHSEL U: N-terminal truncation of salmon calci-tonin leads to calcitonin antagonists. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. (1992) 187:8–13.
  • GAMSE R, CARDINAUX F, TRECI ISEL U: Structural require-ments differ for anorectic and hypocalcemic effects of calcitonin analogs. J. Bone Min. Res. (1993) 8:S200 (suppl. 1) (abstract 334).
  • TRECHSEL U, AZRIA M, BRUNS C, FEYEN JMH, GAMSE R,CARDINAUX F: A new, orally active calcitonin analog with a distinct pharmacological profile. J. Bone Min. Res. (1993) 8:S200 (suppl. 1) (abstract 333).
  • DEVOGELAER JP, AZRIA M, ATTINGER M, ABBIATI G, CASTIGLIONI C, NAGENT DE DEUXCIIAISNES C: Compari-son of the acute biological action of injectable salmon calcitonin and an injectable and oral calcitonin analog. Calcif. Tissue Int. (1994) 55:71–73.
  • LEONE-BAY A, SANTIAGO N, ACT IAN D, CHAUDHARY K, DeMORIN F, FALZARANO L, HAAS S, KALBAG 5, KAPLAN D, LEIPOLD H, LERCARA C, O'TOOLE D, RIVERA T, ROSADO C, SARUBBI D, VUOCOLO E, WANG N, MILSTEIN S, BAUGIIMAN RA: N-acylated a-aminoacids as novel oral delivery agents for proteins. J. Med. Chem. (1995) 38:4263–4269.
  • LEONE-BAY A, McINNES C, WANG N, DDMORIN F, ACHAN D, LERCARA C, SARUBBI D, HAAS S, PRESS J, BARANT-SEVICII E, O'BROIN B, MILSTEIN S, PATON D: Micro-sphere formation in a series of derivatised a-aminoacids: properties, molecular modeling, and oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. J. Med. Chem. (1995) 38:4257–4262.
  • TIPPINS JR, DIMARZO V, PANICO M, MORRIS HR, MACIN-TYRE I: Investigation of the structure activity relation-ship of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1986) 134:1306–1311.
  • ZAIDI M, BRAIN SD, TIPPINS JR, DiMARZO V, MOONGABS, CHAMBERS TJ, MORRIS HR, MACIN'TYRE I: Structure activity relationship of human calcitonin gene-related peptide. Biochem. J. (1990) 269:775–780.
  • MIMEAULT M, QUIRION R, DUMONT Y, St-PIERRE 5,FOURNIER A: Structure activity study of hCGRP8-37, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist. J. Med. Chem. (1992) 35:2163–2168.
  • WANG MW, YOUNG AA, RINK TJ, COOPER GJ: 8-37hCGRPantagonizes actions of amylin on carbohydrate meta-bolism in vitro and in vivo. FLBS Letters (1991) 291:195–198.
  • MORITA K, KATO I, UZAWA T, IIORI M, NODA T: Structureactivity relationship of calcitonin gene-related petide. Ilorm. Metabol. Res. (1989) 21:666–668.
  • STEVENSON RN, ROBERTS RH, TIMMIS AD: Calcitonin gene-related peptide: a haemodynamic study of a novel vasodilator in patients with severe chronic heart fail-ure. Int." Cardiol. (1992) 37:407–414.
  • ALBRECI IT E, I IARADA Y, COOPER GJS, JONES H, GAETALSL: Synthesis and activity of human amylin and ana-logues. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology. Smith JA, J. E. Rivier JE (Eds.) Escom Science Publishers, Leiden (1992) 441–443.
  • SIPE JD: Amyloidosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. (1992) 61:947-975 and references therein.
  • Unpublished data from Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • JANES SM, ALBRECHT E, BEAUMONT K, BEELEY NRA, BIBBS JA, GAETA LSL, GEDULIN BR, JOHNSTON PD, JONES H, KENNEY M, MOORE CX, PETERSON C, RINK TJ, WOLFE-LOPEZ D, YOUNG AA: Pramlintide: an analogue of human amylin with improved physicochemical prop-erties suitable for clinical development in diabetes. Pharmaceutical Res. (1996) (submitted for publication).
  • KOLTERMAN OG, GOTTLIEB AB, MOYSES CJ: Administra-tion of tripro-amylin reduces postprandial hyperglyce-mia in subjects with juvenile-onset diabetes. Diabetologia (1994) 37:A72 (suppl 1) (Abstract 278).
  • KOLTERMAN OG, SCIIWARTZ 5, CORDER C, LEVY B, KLAFF L, PETERSON J, GOTTLIEB A: Effect of 14 days' subcutaneous administration of the human amylin ana-logue, pranalintide (AC137), on an intravenous insulin challenge and response to a standard liquid meal in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia (1996) 39:492–499.
  • PRICKETE KS, ALBRECHT E, SOARES CJ, LUMPKIN RH, GAETA LSL, MOORE CX, YOUNG AA, BEELEY NRA, BEAU-MONT K: Design of receptor selective peptides that antagonize the actions of amylin in vivo. In: Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology. Proceedings of the 141b America! Peptide Symposium. K.aumaya PTP & Hodges RS (Eds.) (1996) in press.
  • VAN VALEN F, EIECHOT G, JURGENS H: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors are linked to cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in SK-N-MC hu-man neuroblastoma cells. Neurosci. Lett. (1990) 119:195–198.
  • FINDLAY DM, MICHELANGELI VP, EISMAN JA, FRAMPTON RJ, MOSELEY JM MACINTYRE IM, WHITEHEAD R, MARTIN TJ: Calcitonin and 1,25-dihydroxyvitarain D3 receptors In human breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. (1980) 40:4764–4767.
  • LEAMING RJOIINSON A, HOOK G, I IANLEY R, BARON A: Anaylin modulates insulin secretion in humans: studies with an amylin antagonist. Diabetologia (1995) 38:A113 (Suppl. 1).
  • MOVES C, NUITALL A, BRYAN G: First administration to man of an amylin antagonist AC-625. European Congress on Obesity, Copenhagen (1995).

References to Patent Literature

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.